• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 2000

Recently, the component technology has played a main role in software reuse. It has changed the code-based reuse into the binary code-based reuse, because components can be easily combined into the developing software only through component interfaces. Since components and component users have increased rapidly, it is necessary that the users of components search for the most proper components for HTML among the enormous number of components on the Internet. It is desirable to use web-document-typed specifications for component specifications on the Internet. This paper proposes to use XML component specifications instead of HTML specifications, because it is impossible to represent the semantics of contexts using HTML. We also propose the XML context-search method based on XML component specifications. Component users use the contexts for the component properties and the terms for the values of component properties in their queries for searching components. The index structure for the context-based search method is the inverted file indexing structure of term-context-component specification. Not only an XML context-based search method but also a variety of search methods based on context-based search, such as keyword, search, faceted search, and browsing search method, are provided for the convenience of users. We use the 3-layer architecture, with an interface layer, a query expansion layer, and an XML search engine layer, of the search engine for the efficient index scheme. In this paper, an XML DTD(Document Type Definition) for component specification is defined and the experimental results of comparing search performance of XML with HTML are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 2010

The MAC layer in ad-hoc network which makes network of nodes without infrastructure for a time has became an issue to reduce delay, allocate fairly bandwidth, control TX/RX power and improve throughput. Specially, the problem to reduce power consumption in ad-hoc network is very important part as ad-hoc devices use the limited battery. For solution of the problem, many power control algorithms, such as distribute power control, PCM (Power Control MAC) and F-PCF (Fragmentation based PCM), are proposed to limit power consumption until now. Although the algorithms are designed to minimize power consumption, the latency communication zone is generated by power control of RX/TX nodes. However the algorithms don't suitably reuse the space. In this paper proposes the algorithm to improve data throughput through Spatial Reuse based on a power control method.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.211-220
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• 2018

Incorporating nano-materials in thin-film composite (TFC) membranes has been considered to be an approach to achieve higher membrane performance in various water treatment processes. This study investigated the rejection efficiency of three target compounds, i.e., reserpine, norfloxacin and tetracycline hydrochloride, by TFC membranes with different graphene oxide proportions. Graphene oxide (GO) was incorporated into the polyamide active layer of a TFC membrane via an interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction. The TFC membranes were characterized with FTIR, FE-SEM, AFM; in addition, the water contact angle measurements as well as the permeation and separation performance were evaluated. The prepared GO-TFC membranes exhibited a much higher flux ($3.11{\pm}0.04L/m2{\cdot}h{\cdot}bar$) than the pristine TFC membranes ($2.12{\pm}0.05L/m2{\cdot}h{\cdot}bar$) without sacrificing their foulant rejection abilities. At the same time, the GO-modified membrane appeared to be less sensitive to pH changes than the pure TFC membrane. A significant improvement in the anti-fouling property of the membrane was observed, which was ascribed to the favorable change in the membrane's hydrophilicity, surface morphology and surface charge through the addition of an appropriate amount of GO. This study predominantly improved the understanding of the different PA/GO membranes and outlined improved industrial applications of such membranes in the future.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2006

Instantaneous reaction and intelligence are required for autonomous mobile robots to achieve multiple goals in the unpredictable and dynamic environments. Design of the appropriate control architecture and clear definitions of systems are needed to construct and control these robots. This research proposes the hybrid deliberative/reactive control architecture which consists of three layers and uses the method of software structure design. The highest layer, Deliberative Layer makes the overall run-time schedule for navigation and/or manipulation, and the middle layer, Task Execution Layer carries out various missions. The lowest layer, Reactive Layer enables a robot to react rapidly in the dynamic environment and controls the mechanical devices concurrently. This paper proposes independent system supervisors called Manager to reuse the modules so that the Manager supports common use of the system and multi-processing tasks. It is shown that the mobile robot based on the proposed control scheme can perform the basic navigation and cope with the dynamic obstacles reasonably well.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

Layer transfer process has emerged as a promising tool in the field of thin silicon solar cell technology. This process can use mono-crystalline silicon as a surface for the epitaxial growth of a thin layer of silicon. It requires some sort of surface conditioning of the substrate due to which the surface become suitable for homo-epitaxy and lift off after solar cell fabrication. The successful reuse of substrate has been reported. The use of the conditioned surface without any kind of epitaxial layer growth is also the issue to be addressed. This review paper basically describes the five most cost effective methods on which works are in progress. Several types of possible problems envisaged by different research groups are also incorporated here with necessary discussion. Work in Korea has already started in this area in collaboration IC Design and Fabrication Centre, Jadavpur University, India and that also has been mentioned.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.494-500
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• 2006

Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) is an environmental assessment tool for evaluating environmental burdens associated with products, processes and activities from the raw material acquisition stage to the end-of-life stage. End-of-life stage as well as other processes requires a reliant database in order to increase the confidence in the LCA results. In this study, the flow of Personal Computer(as PC) in the end-of-life stage was examined and the database of two scenarios has been established, i.e. one is part reuse and the other is no part reuse, in the end-of-life phase of PC. Also, key environmental issues were identified by carrying out LCA on a PC in the end-of-life phase for eight environmental impact categories. The 'ozone layer depletion' contributes the highest environmental impact due to generation of $Cl_2$ gas during the incineration of waste plastics. In addition, the scenario 1(part reuse) is more environmentally sound than the scenario 2(no part reuse) when comparing two scenarios.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.70-82
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• 2003

A pilot study was performed from July 1998 to December 2002, including winter performance, to examine seasonal performance of a constructed wetland and subsequent pond system for treatment of sewage in small communities of Korea. Pond was operated as a intermittent-discharge pond during winter period, and continuous flow system during growing season; its effects was evaluated from December 2001 to April 2003. The subsurface flow (SSF) wetland was satisfactory for treating sewage with good removal efficiency even during the winter period. The wetland effluent concentrations of $BOD_5$ and TSS were often higher in winter than in the growing season, but this was explained by the higher loading rates, rather than lower removal efficiency. The relatively poor-quality wetland effluent was further polished during winter in the pond. The upper layer of the pond water column became remarkably clear immediately after ice melt. In the growing season, ponds could be operated as a continuous flow system to remove nutrients and pathogens, and the effluent of pond could be reused as a supplemental irrigation water without risk of infection by sewage-borne pathogens as well as causing adverse effect on growth and yield. Overall, the wetland system was found to be adequate for treating sewage with stable removal efficiency, and the intermittent-discharge pond was found to be effective for further polishing if necessary. Therefore, the combination of a wetland and subsequent pond system and reuse of effluent as crop irrigation water is recommended as a practical alternative to treat sewage in Korean small communities, and partial discharge of pond water in March is suggested.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2010

Approximately 80% of water used in urban areas reappears as municipal wastewater (MWW). Reclamation of MWW is an attractive proposition under the present scenario of water stressed cities in India. In this paper, we attempted to reclaim MWW using lab-scale hollow- fiber (HF) membrane modules for possible reuse in non-potable applications. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of virgin HF ($M_1$) and modified HF ($M_2$) modules. The $M_2$ module consists of HF modified with a skin layer formed through interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine with trimesoyl chloride (MPD-TMC). The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of $M_1$ was 44000 g/mol and that of $M_2$ 10000 -14000 g/mol on the basis of rejection of polyethylene glycol. The combination of $M_1$ and $M_2$ modules was able to reduce concentrations of most of the pollutants in sewage and improved the treated water quality to the acceptable limits for non potable reuse applications. It is found that about 98-99% of the initial flux is recovered by the backwashing process, which was approximately two times in a month when operated continuously.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.217-228
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• 2022

Currently, there are increasing demands for applying deep neural networks (DNNs) in the embedded domain such as classification and object detection. The DNN processing in embedded domain often requires custom hardware such as NPU for acceleration due to the constraints in power, performance, and area. Processing DNN models requires a large amount of data, and its seamless transfer to NPU is crucial for performance. In this paper, we developed a cycle-accurate NPU simulator to evaluate diverse NPU microarchitectures. In addition, we propose a novel technique for reducing the number of memory accesses when processing convolutional layers in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on the NPU. The main idea is to reuse data with memory interleaving, which recycles the overlapping data between previous and current input windows. Data memory interleaving makes it possible to quickly read consecutive data in unaligned locations. We implemented the proposed technique to the cycle-accurate NPU simulator and measured the performance with LeNet-5, VGGNet-16, and ResNet-50. The experiment shows up to 2.08x speedup in processing one convolutional layer, compared to the baseline.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2001

Lately computing environment is changing into integrating open system. This paper proposes Integrated Management Model to improve productivity about new software development. The model is divided by Management Model to deal with the rapidly changing environment effectively into three layers: the first layer classifies and displays information to users, the users, the second layer controls function, the integration and management layer, and the last layer manages data, the objects management storage layer. So it designs of Efficient Object Management Repository Using Integration Management Model. This might support afterward prototyping in maximizing the reuse of software, which is advantage to the integration of the system, and in promoting its productivity.