• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 순수 티타늄에 열처리를 통해 서로 다른 두께의 산화막을 형성하여 온도차이에 따른 골결합에 대한 영향을 관찰하고자 하는 것이다. 총 52개의 임플란트를 제작하여 열처리를 하지 않은 26개의 임플란트를 대조군으로, $600^{\circ}F(316^{\circ}C)$에서 10분간 열처리한 13개의 임플란트를 실험군 1로, $1200^{\circ}F(649^{\circ}C)$에서 10분간 열처리한 13개의 임플란트를 실험군 2로 하여 13마리의 가토의 경골에 식립한 후 12주 후의 removal torque를 측정 비교함으로써 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 실험군 2에서는 결정구조가 생성된 것이 관찰되었으나, 실험군 1에서는 무정형이었다. 2. 대조군에 비해 열처리를 한 실험군들이 더 큰 removal torque 값을 나타냈다(p=0.0059, 0.0039). 3. 실험군 2가 실험군 1에 비해 큰 removal torque 값을 나타냈다(p=0.0488).

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2013

In this study, a biological odor treatment system was proposed to remove odor(foul smell) materials causing several problems in the closed sewage treatment plant. This odor treatment system was composed of a two-step biofilter system in one reactor. The two-step biofilter reactor was constructed with natural purification layer in upper part and artificial purification layer in lower part. The reed grasses of water purification plants were planted in the surface area and mixed porous ceramic media were filled with the lower part of biofilter reactor. By using the above experimental apparatus, the ammonia gas removal efficiency was attained to 98.3 % and the hydrogen sulfide gas removal efficiency was appeared more than 97.7 % which shows more effective than the conventional odor removal process.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.977-982
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• 2007

The realization of the photoresist(PR) removal method with vaporized water and ozone gas mixture has been studied for the LCD TFT array manufacturing. The developed PR stripper uses the water boundary layer control method based on the high concentration ozone production technology. We develop the prototype of PR stripper and experiment to find the optimal process parameter condition like as the ozone gas flow/concentration, process reaction time and thin boundary layer formation. As a results, we realize the LCD PR strip rate over the 0.4 ${\mu}m/min$ and this PR removal rate is more than 5 times higher than the conventional immersion type ozonized water process.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2005

Slow sand filtration processes amended with 5 and 10cm GAC layers at top was compared to same process at bottom in a pilot study for humic substances removal. In case of 5cm GAC layer, the process amended at bottom was superior to the process at top in DOC and UV254nm removal and same trends were observed in case of 10cm GAC layer. Head loss developments of the process GAC at bottom were higher than the process GAC at top so that maintenance of the process GAC at top is easier than the process GAC at bottom.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1990

In this paper, the influence of the table speed, metal removal rate and grinding fluid on long wheel workpiece contact zone at high effect grinding was investigated by theoretical analyses and measuring the temperature, and discussed by the temperature distribution in grinding surface layer. Main results obtained are as follows, 1) Rega.dless of the table speed, the temperature gap of the workpiece(heat influx) is about 6-8 times as high in dry condition as in wet condition. 2) Good grinding condition can be obtained owing to the effect of grinding fluid without any burning defect under the condition of the metal removal rate(1.0mm$^3$/mm.s) in case of wet grinding. 3) When the depth from the surface layer is about 1.25-1.5mm under the condition of the slow table speed, surface temperature goes up higher as the table speed slows down, because long contact time is laked at the surface layer. 4) In case of the same metal removal rate, the lower the table speed becomes, the higher the surface temperature is, because grinding depth has a far more influence on wheel workpiece contact zone than the table speed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.699-704
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• 1999

The Photodegradation efficient of total organic compounds in the drinking water has been studied using the methods of photocatalytic reaction and laser beam irradation. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The photodegradation efficiency of total organic compounds shows as $50\%\;to\;80\%$ as within one hour and after this the efficiency is decreased slowly. 2. The photodegradation efficiency of total organic compounds shows as 65 to $90\%$ within 3.3min. when Nd : YAG beam is irradiated to the water layer. 3. An excellent observation of the organic compound removal efficiency gives revealed in that case of the longest wavelength of 532nm is irradiated among the three kinds of laser beam sources of 532nm, 355nm and 266nm. 4. The organic compound removal efficiency shows high in the case of UV beam irradiation in the thin layer of water. However the efficiency is not depended on the thickness of water layer severely. 5. The removal efficiency of the organic compounds in the direct irradiation shows higher than the indirect irradiation in the case of UV beam, but the efficiency is not depended on the direction of irradiation in the case of Nd : YAG beam irradiation.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

Abatements of TN and ${NO_3}^-$-N in a horizontal subsurface-flow wetland with litter layer on its surface were compared with those without one. The wetland was constructed in 2001 on floodplain of the Gwangju Stream which flows through Gwangju City in Korea. Its dimensions were 29m in length, 9m in width and 0.65m in depth. A bottom layer of 45cm was filled with crushed granites (15~40mm in diameter) and a middle layer of 10cm had pea pebbles. An upper layer of 5cm contained coarse sands. Reeds (Phragmites australis) growing in natural wetlands were transplanted on its surface. Water of the stream was channelled into the wetland by gravity flow and its effluent was discharged back into the stream. Average Litter layer of 12.2cm was formed on its surface in 2007. The layer and above-ground parts of reeds were eliminated in April 2008. Volumes and water quality of influent and effluent of the wetland were analyzed from May to November in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Inflow into the wetland both in 2007 and 2008 averaged approximately 40$m^3$/day and hydraulic residence time both in 2007 and 2008 was about 1.5days. Influent TN concentration in 2007 and 2008 averaged 3.96 and 3.89mg/L, respectively and average influent ${NO_3}^-$-N concentration in 2007 and 2008 was 2.11 and 2.05mg/L, respectively. With a 0.05 significance level, influent concentrations of TN and ${NO_3}^-$-N, temperatures and pH of effluent, and heights and stem numbers of reeds showed no difference between the wetland with litter layer and without one. TN retention in the wetland with litter layer and without one averaged 64,76 and 54.69%, respectively and ${NO_3}^-$-N removal averaged 60.83 and 50.61%, respectively. Both TN and ${NO_3}^-$-N abatement rates in the wetland with litter layer were significantly high (TN abatement: p<0,001, ${NO_3}^-$-N abatement: p=0.001) when compared with those without one. The subsurface-flow wetland having litter layer on its surface was more efficient for TN and ${NO_3}^-$-N removal.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2004

Tungsten is widely used as a plug for the multi-level interconnection structures. However, due to the poor adhesive properties of tungsten(W) on SiO$_2$ layer, the Ti/TiN barrier layer is usually deposited onto SiO$_2$ for increasing adhesion ability with W film. Generally, for the W-CMP(chemical mechanical polishing) process, the passivation layer on the tungsten surface during CMP plays an important role. In this paper, the effect of oxidant on the polishing selectivity of W/Ti/TiN layer was investigated. The alumina(A1$_2$O$_3$)-based slurry with $H_2O$$_2$ as the oxidizer was used for CMP applications. As an experimental result, for the case of 5 wt％ oxidizer added, the removal rates were improved and polishing selectivity of 1.4:1 was obtained. It was also found that the CMP characteristics of W and Ti metal layer including surface roughness were strongly dependent on the amounts of $H_2O$$_2$ oxidizer.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2010

두 차례에 걸친 양극 산화 과정 중 1차 양극 산화 시 성장한 초기 산화 피막의 제거와 2차 양극 산화 시간에 따른 다공성 알루미나 막의 성장에 대해 살펴보았다. 다공성 알루미나 막의 제작은 인산을 전해 용액으로 사용하여 두 차례의 양극산화 과정을 통해 이루어졌으며 초기 산화 피막의 제거가 2차 양극 산화 후 나타나는 알루미나 막 표면상의 기공구조형성에 미치는 영향과 함께 2차 양극 산화 시간에 따라 성장하는 알루미나 막의 두께 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 1차 양극 산화 후 인산과 크롬산을 이용한 식각 과정에서 이루어진 산화 피막의 제거 정도에 따라 형성되는 다공 구조의 균일도가 향상됨을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 또한 2차 양극 산화 시간에 따라 산화 막의 두께가 선형적으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 인산용액을 전해액으로 사용하였을 경우 150 V의 양극 산화 전압 하에서 다공성 알루미나 막의 성장률은 22.5 nm/min임을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1995

The effect of additive chemistry on the serface fatigue of gears was investigated using the FZG gear tester and fluids based on an API GL-5 grade oil. Surface fatigue lives were determined as a function of load and additive chemistry. At 1.52 GPa, the removal of the primary extreme pressure additive (EP) from the fully formulated gear oil decreased the fatigue life of gears slightly (4%), however, the removal of the primary antiwear additive (AW) decreased the fatigue life of gears significantly (83%). At 1.86 GPa, the removal of the EP additive from the fully formulated gear oil decresed the gear fatigue life 27%, however, the removal of the primary AW additive decreased the fatigue life of gears significantly (75%). Micropitting was the dominant surface morphology in the dedendum of gears tested With two oils at load stage: one using the complete additive package, and a second where the EP additive has been removed. However, spalling is the primary failure mode of gears tested without an AW additive independent of whether an EP agent was present. Surface analysis of pinion gears showed the formation of a mixed phosphate/phosphite-oxide layer on the surface of gears tested with fluids containing an AW. Formation of this layer seems to be key to long fatigue life.