• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2000

Purpose : To compare the changes of the patellar height, patellofemoral alignment and subjective symptom and to compare the effects of patellar tendon harvest after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using autograft and allograft. Materials and Method : ACL reconstruction was performed on 87 patients who were followed up for minimum 1 year. The group I was 52 patients who were operated with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft and the group II was 35 patients who were operated with bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft and achilles tendon allograft. At the time of follow-up, the authors evaluated the patellar height by Blackburne-Peel method, Merchant congruence angle, Lateral patellofemoral angle and subjective symptoms were assessed. Results : The patellar heights were significantly decreased from 0.86 preoperatively to 0.80 postoperatively in the group I and from 0.87 preoperatively to 0.83 postoperatively in the group II. There were no significant differences in the lateral patellofemoral angles between the both groups but in the Merchant congruence angle, significant differences were observed in the both groups, from$-1.43^{\circ}$ preoperatively to-$5.43^{\circ}$ postoperalively in the group I and from$-1.53^{\circ}$ preoperatively to$-3.65^{\circ}$ postoperatively in the group II. Conclusion : After ACL reconstruction, the patellofemoral alignment was changed and this kind of changes may be caused by multiple factorials such as harvest of autografts, ACL reconstruction itself, and quadriceps muscle atrophy.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Chronic lateral ankle instability is a major complication of acute ankle sprains, which can cause discomfort in both daily and sports activity. In addition, it may result in degenerative changes to the ankle joint in the long term. An accurate diagnostic approach and successful treatment plan can be established based on a comprehensive understanding of the concept of functional and mechanical instability. The patients' history and correct physical examination would be the first and most important step. The hindfoot alignment, competence of the lateral ligaments, and proprioceptive function should be evaluated. Additional information can be gathered using standard and stress radiographs. In addition, concomitant pathologic conditions can be investigated by magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative rehabilitation composed of the range of motion, muscle strengthening, and proprioceptive exercise is the main treatment for functional instability and mechanical instability. Regarding the mechanical instability, surgical treatment can be considered for irresponsible patients after a sufficient period of rehabilitation. Anatomic repair (modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ operation) is regarded as the gold standard procedure. In cases with poor prognostic factors, an anatomical reconstruction or additional procedures can be chosen. For combined intra-articular pathologies, arthroscopic procedures should be conducted, and arthroscopic lateral ligament repair has recently been introduced. Regarding the postoperative management, early functional rehabilitation with short term immobilization is recommended.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.2-2
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• 1999

It is well known that the essential pathology in traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder is the avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament complex from the glenoid. However, there are reports that the avulsion can occurs from the humeral attachments. We have experienced the 42 year-old male patient who had a traumatic lateral avulsion of the subscapularis and glenohumeral capsule from the humerus and reported the results of treatment.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Ultrasonography (US) of the elbow is an increasingly utilized modality for a variety of diagnoses. In this brief review, US findings for the pathologic conditions of forearm and elbow are described. The most common pathologies discussed here include distal biceps tendon and triceps tendon lesions, medial and lateral epicondylopathies, ulnar collateral ligament tears, ulnar nerve subluxation, joint effusions, and intra-articular bodies.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical results of modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability and to assess whether or not associated injuries may affect postoperative satisfaction. Materials and Methods: Twenty- four patients with chronic lateral ankle instability were evaluated retrospectively from August 1998 to March 2002. Average age was 29.3 years. All patients were performed pre & postoperative ankle anteroposterior and lateral view, stress anterior drawer and varus test using Telos device, MRI and intraoperative arthroscopic evaluations before ligament reconstruction. Results: Of the 24 cases, 23 cases was improved more than average 12 points on AOFAS scales. On modified scales of Hamilton, 3 excellent, 20 good, 1 fair results. On stress view, average 2.2 mm difference was improved on anterior drawer test and average 1.7 degree on varus test. Associated injuries were 8 osteochondral defects, 4 anterior impingements, 2 loose bodies, 2 os subfibulare, 2 os submalleolare and 2 partial ruptures of peroneus brevis. 8 cases with no associated injuries rated excellent or good. Conclusion: The modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ procedure is believed to be an effective and successful method for chronic lateral ankle instability that didn't respond to conservative treatment. Because associated injuries in chronic lateral ankle instability may affect postoperative satisfaction, appropriate detection and treatment may need for postoperative satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 2023

Purpose: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is indicated for patients with a large osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT), accompanying subchondral cyst, and the failure of bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedures. Despite the many reports on the clinical results of surgical treatment for medial osteochondral lesions, those of lateral lesions are rare. This paper reports the intermediate-term clinical outcomes after AOT for lateral OLTs. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with lateral OLTs were followed up for at least three years after AOT. The clinical evaluations comprised the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The radiographic assessment included the irregularity of the articular surface (subchondral plate), the progression of degenerative arthritis, and the changes in talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation. Results: The mean FAOS and FAAM scores improved significantly from 42.1 to 89.5 and 39.5 to 90.6 points, respectively, at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The radiological evaluation revealed two cases (9.5%) of articular step-off ≥2 mm and 1 case (4.8%) of progressive arthritis. The mean talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation improved significantly. As postoperative complications, there was one case of a local wound problem, one case of superficial peroneal nerve injury, and one case of donor site morbidity. At a mean follow-up of 62.3 months, no patient showed a recurrence of instability or required reoperation for OLT. Conclusion: AOT for the lateral OLTs demonstrated satisfactory intermediate-term clinical outcomes, including daily and sports activity abilities. Most OLT could be accessed through lateral ligament division and capsulotomy, and the incidence of iatrogenic complications, such as recurrent sprains or chronic instability, was minimal. AOT appears to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with large lateral osteochondral lesions unresponsive to conservative therapy, with subchondral cysts, or with failed primary BMS.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

Elbow joint injuries during exercise mostly occur by repeated stress to the joint than direct trauma. A pitcher who uses his arm above his head is most likely to be injured. So learning the right way to exercise and gaining the strength by maturating the body are essential for diminishing the chance of injury. On lateral ulnar tendon injury, which is most commonly injured area on elbow joint, pitchers generally complain of pain in arm movement above head and reduction of velocity, accuracy, and number of pitching. When there is pain on upper arm in harsh using, the stress fracture must be thought and epicondylar physis fracture of medial arm can occur by repeated abduction stress and contraction of flexors on forearm on children with immature skeleton. Osteochondritis dissecans of capitullum occur in young athletes who use there upper limb continuously lifting weights and gym work. And stress of abduction-extension includes damage of soft tissue and bone components, post medial crush syndrome, lateral ulnar ligament injury, extensor-abductor injury, stress of radius- capitullum are in this category.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2004

Purpose: We assessed the clinical results of modified Brostrom procedure as a revision method after failure of a primary reconstruction. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of seven patients treated with Modified Brostrom procedure after failed lateral ankle ligament reconstruction between 1996 and 2002. Instability symptom developed average 4.7 month after the initial reconstruction surgery at other clinics. All patients had significant functional impairment before surgery and not responded to conservative protocols. Modified Brostrom procedure was applied to all patients. Results: The average follow up was 51 months (18 to 84). Seven of eight patients had clinical stability following revision reconstruction, six patients (75%) returned to their previous functional level. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores averaged 87.5. There is no difference in active or passive range of motion of plantar flexion or dorsiflexion when compared to the contralateral ankle. However, three patients were noted to have lost some degree of inversion when compated to contralateral ankle. Two patients had osteochondral lesion and multiple spurs and had pain around the ankle that prevented their full recovery. One patient complained of persistent pain which was considered complex regional pain syndrome. Conclusion: Though the outcome of the Modified Brostrom procedure as a method of revision surgery was less satisfactory compared to the results of primary ankle reconstruction, it would be an appropriate option when concomitant abnormalities were not accompanying.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.517-523
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• 2011

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are treatedwith surgical reconstruction. Although ACL consists of two functional bundles, only the anteromedial bundle is surgically reconstructed, and the effect of the reconstruction of the posterolateral bundle is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the posterolateral bundle and the effect of double-bundle reconstruction during single-leg landing. A 3D dynamic knee with various ACL reconstructed models was created using MRI, and single-leg landing motion was simulated using in-vivo human experimental data. The results showed that the lateral shift of the tibial insertion of the anteromedial bundle and the posterolateral bundle of the ACL constrain the tibial internal rotation more efficiently than a single anteromedial bundle can. In addition, double-bundle ACL reconstruction is less sensitive to inaccuracies in the tibial tunnel placement.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2008

Purpose: We purposed to analyze the incidence and the patterns of the injuries associated with anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) tears. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 547 knees that had undergone ACL reconstructions and compared the associated injuries according to the time of injury(acute vs. chronic), the cause of injury(sports vs. non-sports) and the type of sports. Results: Medial collateral ligament(MCL) injury and bone contusion were more in acute injury group less than 3 months after trauma(p=0.001, 0.019) and the injuries of medial or lateral meniscus were more in chronic injury group more than 3 months after trauma(p=0.014, 0.029). The trochlea in acute injury group(p=0.027) and the medial femoral condyle in chronic injury group(p=0.011) had higher incidence of chondral injury. Grade I, II chondral injury was frequent in acute injury group(p=0.016) and grade III, IV chondral injury was frequent in chronic injury group(p=0.017). Lateral meniscus injury was frequent in sports injury group(P=0.035). Medial collateral ligament injury was frequent in ski(P=0.005), and chondral injury was in gymnastics(P=0.017). Conclusions: The incidences of medial and lateral meniscus tears and grade III, IV chondral defects were high in chronic injury group. According to the causes of the tears and the types of sports, some differences in the incidence and pattern of associated injuries were found.