• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 1999

Displaced tibial spine fractures need the anatomical reduction of the displaced bone fragment to achieve normal range of motion and anterior stability of the knee joint. The purpose of this paper is to describe details of arthroscopic technique using suture hook and pull-out PDS and to evaluate the clinical results. We report 7 cases who underwent arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation using suture hook and pull-out PDS. All cases had fresh fractures generated within 3 weeks. The follow up period was at average 16.6 months. The fracture union was achieved at average 7.4 weeks. Knee exercise was started 2 weeks after the operation. One of the patients, who had combined injury of posterior cruciate ligament and lateral meniscus, showed limitation of knee movement. But he was underwent the arthroscopic fibrolysis at one year later, he returned to normal range of motion. Arthroscopic treatment of displaced tibial spine fracture using suture hook and pull-out PDS showed good results including rigid fixation and early mobilization. Therefore it is thought to be one of the effective operative techniques in treatment of the tibial spine fractures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.517-528
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare the circumference, skinfold thickness and strength of the normal and casted lower limb prior to casting and following removal of the cast. The subjects for the study were nine orthopedic patients who had had long and short leg casts due to a tibial, fibula, or calcaneus fracture, or to a lateral collateral ligament rupture. Circumference, skinfold thickness, and strength of the normal and casted lower limb following removal of the cast were compared with those prior to the application of the cast. Measurements were made before cast application and after removal of the cast. Skinfold thickness was measured by fat caliper, circumference was measured by tape and strength was determined by measuring the length of time the leg was held elevated at 45$^{\circ}$. The results can be summarized as follows 1. There was no change in the normal limb in the circumference of the midthigh and midcalf after casting as compared to before cast application. 2. In the casted limb the circumference of the midthigh decreased by 3.23% and that of the midcalf decreased significantly by 7.49% during the period of casting. 3. In the normal limb skinfold thickness of the quadriceps decreased and that of gastrocnemius increased by 20.63% during the period of cast application. 4. In the casted limb skinfold thickness of the quadriceps decreased significantly by 12.37% and that of gastrocnemius decreased by 10% during the period of cast application. 5. Strength of the normal lower extremity decreased significantly by 48.37% and that of casted lower extremity decreased remarkably by 73.07% during the period of cast application. 6. Circumference of the midthigh and the midcalf decreased significantly by 7.6% and 9.4% respectively on the casted side as compared to the normal side. Skinfold thickness of the quadriceps and the gastrocnemius on the casted side decreased by 6.12% and 18.55% respectively as compared to the normal side and strength in the lower extremity on the casted side decreased significantly by 44.32% as compared to the nor-mal side. From these results, it may be concluded that muscle atrophy occurs in the casted lower limb and muscle strength of the normal lower limb are also reduced during the period of application of a leg cast.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

Objective : Spondylothesis is a disease which sagittal facet of vertebral body's invariable alignment is being broken and vertebral body being pushed forward. Main pattern of spondylothesis is isthmic spondylothesis by isthmus defect or fracture, degenerative spondylothesis occurred by desiccated change of intervertebral disc or vertebral condyle joint's ligament. The purpose of this study is to assess the difference of the Pelvic angles, Lumbosacral angles, Pelvic tilt, and Lumbar lordotic angles of the spondylothesis patients. Methods : We analyzed the lateral view of lumbar spine of 49 isthmic spondylothesis patients, 45 degenerative spondylothesis patients and 26 patients who haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. We investigated each patient's pelvic angle, lumbosacral angle, pelvic tilt and lumbar lordotic angle. Results and Conclusion : 1. Pelvic incidence, in cases of degenerate spondylothesis patients, is higher than spondylothesis patients but shows less significance. On the contrary significance is higher than the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 2. Lumbosacral incidence, in cases of isthmic spondylothesis patients, shows higher significance than degenerative spondylothesis patients and the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 3 Pelvic tilt, in cases of degenerative spondylothesis patients, shows higher significance than isthmic spondylothesis patients and the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 4. Lumbar lordotic angle, in cases of isthmic spondylothesis patients, shows higher significance than degenerative spondylothesis patients and the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 5. Degenerative spondylothesis patient shows specific impression, a forwardly moved high femoral axial and as a result of large lumbrosacral angle and lumbar lordotic angle shows specific impression, an increased weight pressure on sacrum.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.261-281
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• 1993

The author transplanted periodontally-diseased teeth which had been treated with citric acid into a clinically healthy extraction sockets and periodontally-affected extraction sockets, and compared with the healing processes within these tissues. Recipient sites were prepared by surgically removing a part of alveolar bone of premolars of adults dogs, placing elastic orthodontic ligatures for 8weeks, thereby inducing periodontal disease. The diseased roots were extracted and transplanted into healthy extraction sockets, and these were designated as control group 1. Diseased roots transplanted into diseased sockets were designated as control group 2. Diseased roots which had been root planed, treated with citric acid and transplanted into healthy sockets were designated as experimental group 1, while identically treated roots which had been transplanted into diseased sockets were designated as experimental group 2. Observations were made at weeks 2, 8 and 12, with following results. 1. At week 2, experimental group 2 showed some inflammatory cell infiltration in the connective tissue above the extraction sockets, while control groups showed less inflammatory or foreign body reactions throughout the experiment. 2. In both control groups, root surface resorption was observed throughout the experiment, while experimental groups showed a little resorption. 3. Control group 1 & 2 showed ankylosis by newly-formed bone ground the resorbed root surfaces, while experimental group 1 & 2 displayed collagen fibers which are not functionally-arranged, with random, loose arrangement or parallel orientation to root surfaces, and newly-formed bone outside of them. 4. In both control groups & experimental groups which had been transplanted into a clinically healthy extraction sockets & periodontally affected extraction sockets groups, histological differences were not significant. 5. Root resorption or ankylosis in control group 1 & 2 had increased quantitatively as experiment progressed. 6. New bone formation developed from the base and lateral wall of extraction sockets. In both control groups & experimental groups, root surfaces lying next to the upper portion of extraction sockets showed little alveolar bone formation and surrounded by connective tissue fiber at weeks 2 & 8, while at weeks 12, they did show alveolar bone formation. 7. At week 12, experimental group 2 showed numerous cells which appeared to be periodontal ligament cells, with functionally arranged connective tissue fibers between the roots and alveolar bone.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2013

Purpose: All-inside meniscal repair using FasT-Fix (Smith & Nephew Endoscopy, Andover, Massachusetts, USA) is a popular method for the meniscal tear. However, there was no report after all-inside repair using FasT-Fix for the meniscal tear in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to report clinical outcomes after all-inside meniscal repair using FasT-Fix. Materials and Methods: 25 consecutive patients underwent meniscal repairs using FasT-Fix for tears of the posterior horn of the medial or lateral menisci combined with hamstring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. Postoperative evaluations included Lysholm knee score and Tegner activity scale. Using clinical criteria, a repaired meniscus was considered healed if there was no effusion or joint line tenderness, negative McMurray test, and no sense of giving way. Results: The average follow-up was 47.9 months (range, 40 to 61 months). At follow-up, the mean Lysholm score was 91.8 and the mean Tegner activity scale was 5.6. According to clinical criteria, 20 (80%) menisci was healed, and 5 (20%) failed. Conclusion: All-inside meniscal repair using FasT-Fix showed satisfactory results in patients with hamstring ACL reconstructions.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

This study was performed to assess therapeutic effect of the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs with experimentally transected cranial cruciate ligaments (CrCL). Nine healthy adult Beagle dogs were transected left CrCL under general anesthesia. The dogs were assigned to TPLO and non-TPLO control groups. The TPLO procedures for correcting the CrCL rupture in the left stifle of dogs were performed under sterile conditions. Before TPLO procedures, all dogs were screened by orthopedic and radiographic examinations. Dogs were lameness free for the previous three months, and when examined at the walk and trot on a hard surface, in a straight line and on a circle. Lateral and craniocaudal radiographs were done to confirm the soundness of the both knee joint in dogs and not detectable lesions were diagnosed. The dogs were intravenously injected with a 10 mci/kg of 99mTechnetium-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) under general anesthesia. Scintigraphs were obtained using a large field of view gamma camera equipped a parallel-hole, low-energy about 3 hours after intravenous injection of 99mTc-MDP. Before CrCL transection and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the procedures, scintigraphy were conducted. Bone uptake of the left stifle joint increased after the procedures in all dogs. When the bone uptake from the TPLO procedure was compared with that of the control, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05). At 12 weeks after the TPLO procedure, the dogs showed normal anatomical posture and gait. It is concluded that TPLO procedure was effective in reconstruct of the stifle joint in dogs with CrCL rupture.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.525-530
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• 2005

Maxillary median diastema is the term used when there is spacing between maxillary central incisors. The space between maxillary central incisors are often observed during ugly duckling stage. In most of the cases, as maxillary permanent canines erupt, it gradually disappears. Maxillary median diastema needs to be treated when there is up to 2mm of space between the incisors even after eruption of permanent canines or when there is 3mm of space, at least, before the eruption of the canines. Particulary, for the latter case, orthodontic treatment is recommended because not only the esthetic point of view but also to regain the eruption space for maxillary lateral incisors and canines. The appliance used for orthodontic treatment are removable appliances, using finger spring and etc, and fixed appliances, using rubber elastics and coil spring. If rubber band alone was used to treat median diastema without any other appliance such as band, tube or bracket, it will gradually move downward along the root surface. Then it will destroy the peridontal ligament and causes tooth mobility, extrusion, and avulsion. This report presents cases of damaged tooth due to improper use of rubber band when treating maxillary median diastema.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.2 s.85
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• pp.209-223
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• 2001

At intrusion of upper anterior teeth in patient with periodontal defect, the use of three-piece base arch appliance for pure intrusion is required. To investigate the change of the center of resistance and of the distal traction force according to alveolar bone height at intrusion of upper anterior teeth using this appliance, three-dimensional finite element models of upper six anterior teeth, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were constructed. At intrusion of upper anterior teeth by three-piece base arch appliance, the following conclusions were drawn to the locations of the center of resistance according to the number of teeth, the change of distal traction force for pure intrusion and the correlation to the change of vertical, horizontal location of the center of resistance according to alveolar bone loss. 1. When the axial inclination and alveolar bone height were normal, the anteroposterior locations of center of resistance of upper anterior teeth according to the number of teeth contained were as follows : 1) In 2 anterior teeth group, the center of located in the mesial 1/3 area of lateral incisor bracket. 2) In 4 anterior teeth group. the center of resistance was located in the distal 2/3 of the distance between the bracket of lateral incisor and canine. 3) In 6 anterior teeth group, the center of resistance was located in the central area of first premolar bracket .4) As the number of teeth contained in anterior teeth group increased, the center of resistance shifted to the distal side. 2. When the alveolar bone height was normal, the anteroposterior position of the point of application of the intrusive force was the same position or a bit forward position of the center of resistance at application of distal traction force for pure intrusion. 3. When intrusion force and the point of application of the intrusive force were fixed, the changes of distal traction force for pure intrusion according to alveolar bon loss were as follows :1) Regardless of the alveolar bone loss, the distal traction force of 2, 4 anterior teeth groups were lower than that of 6 anterior teeth group. 2) As the alveolar bone loss increased, the distal traction forces of each teeth group were increased. 4. The correlations of the vertical, horizontal locations of the center of resistance according to maxillary anterior teeth groups and the alveolar bone height were as follows : 1) In 2 anterior teeth group, the horizontal position displacement to the vortical position displacement of the center of resistance according to the alveolar bone loss was the largest. As the number of teeth increased, the horizontal position displacement to the vertical position displacement of the center of resistance according to the alveolar bone loss showed a tendency to decrease. 2) As the alveolar bone loss increased, the horizontal position displacement to the vertical position displacement of the center of resistance regardless of the number of teeth was increased.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 1999

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of Dual Echo in Steady State(DESS) image in the diagnosis of chondromalacia of the knee compared with turbo spin-echo MR images Materials and Methods : We included 26 patients with chondromalacia of the knee. MR imaging was obtained with a 1.5T imager. Sagittal and coronal double echo T2 weighted images(TR/TE 3000-4200/16-96msec, FOV $140-160{\times}140-160mm$, matrix size $180{\times}256$, slice thickness 4.0mm, interslice gap 0.5mm), and sagittal DESS image(TR/TE 25.4/9.0msec, flip angle $35-45^{\circ}$, FOV $150-160{\times}150-160mm,{\;}matrix{\;}size{\;}192{\times}256$, effective slice thickness 1.5mm) were obtained. Cartilage lesions were staged according to a modified scheme proposed by Outerbirdge: grade 0, normal; grade 1, softening or/and swelling; grade 2, mild surface fibrillation or/and less than 50% of cartilage thickness; grade 3, severe surface fibrillation or/and loss of more than 50% of cartilage thickness but without exposure of subchondral bone; and grade 4, complete loss of cartilage with subchondral bone exposure. Gradings were determined by two readers with consensus, and patellofemoral, medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments were evaluated. Results : Arthroscopic findings revealed grade 1 in seven cases, grade 2 in 21 cases, grade 3 in six cases, and grade 4 in 18 cases. Sensitivity of turbo spin-echo MR image was as follows; 0%, 14%, 0%, 61% in each grade, and sensitivity of DESS image was as follows; 0%, 33%, 50%, 67%, in each grade(p=0.001). In the detection of chondromalacic lesions regardless of gradings, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of conventional MR image were 59.6% 88.6% 78.8%, and of DESS image, 73.1% 88.4%, 82.2%(p=0.007). Conclusion : For chondromalacia of knee joints, DESS images showed higher sensitivity than turbo spin-echo MR images. Therefore, DESS images will be helpful for diagnosis of chondromalacia of knee joints.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2009

Purpose: We used tibialis allograft for the reconstruction of ACL and used Hybrid femoral fixation utilizing $Endobutton^{(R)}$ and $Rigidfix^{(R)}$ for femoral fixation, and used $Retroscrew^{(R)}$ and additional fixation for tibial fixation to evaluate the clinical results. Materials and Methods: The ACL reconstruction were performed from February 2004 to February 2007 utilizing Hybrid femoral fixation and $Retroscrew^{(R)}$ and 32 patients, 32 cases which were available for year-long observation (12 to 25 months). The clinical results (Lysholm knee score, IKDC grade) and the radiologic results(bone tunnel expansion, Telos anterior displacement test) were evaluated. Results: The Lysholm knee score was improved from the average of $67.9{\pm}5.4$ points (range: 51~77) before operation and to $94.1{\pm}6.8$ points (range: 68~98) at the last follow up (p<0.05). 22 cases (69%) were evaluated normal (A), 9 cases (28%) were evaluated nearly normal (B) and only 1 case (3%) was evaluated not normal (C) at IKDC final evaluation and no case was evaluated abnormal. From $Telos^{(R)}$ stress x-ray evaluation, difference from the opposite knee was improved average 13.2 mm{\pm}5.8 (range: 6~21 mm) to average $3.4\;mm{\pm}2.8$ (range: 0~11 mm) after operation (p<0.05). The femoral and tibial tunnel were widened by 18.7% and 9.6% in the AP view and 12.4% and 8.5% in the lateral view, respectively (p<0.05). However, any statistic significance was not observed between bone tunnel expansion and knee joint functions (p>0.05). Conclusion: An ACL reconstruction with tibialis allograft using Hybrid femoral fixation and $Retroscrew^{(R)}$ enabled anatomical fixation of the graft tendon with satisfactory clinical results.