• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2004

We investigated the reproductive cycle with gonadal development of the female Cyclina sinensis by histological observations and seasonal changes in biochemical components of the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues were studied by biochemical analysis, from January to December, 2001. The reproductive cycle of this species can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (February to April), late active stage (March to June), ripe stage (May to August), partially spawned stage (July to October) and spent/inactive stage (September to February). Total protein contents in the adductor muscle tissues reached the maximum in February (early active stage) and appeared the minimum in June (ripe stage), while their contents in the visceral mass tissues reached the maximum in the late active and ripe stages (June) and gradually decreased from July (partially spawned stage) to November (spent/inactive stage). Changes in total protein contents showed a negative correlationship between the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues (r = -0.499, p = 0.099). Total lipid contents in the adductor muscle tissues reached the maximum in January (the inactive stages) and their contents gradually decreased from February. Their contents in the visceral mass tissues, however, reached the maximum in June (late active and ripe stage) and gradually decreased from July (the partially spawned stage). On the whole, total lipid contents showed a negative correlationship between the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues (r = -0.631, p < 0.05). Therefore, These results indicate that the nutrient contents of the adductor muscle and visceral muscle tissues change in response to gonadal energy needs. Glycogen contents in the adductor muscle tissue reached the maximum in March (early and late active stages) and decreased from July to September (partially spawned stage). while their contents in the visceral mass tissues reached the maximum in June (late active and ripe stages) and gradually decreased from July (partially spawned stage). Thereafter, their levels gradually increased in November (spent/inactive stage). On the whole, changes in glycogen contents appeared negative correlationship between the adductor muscle and visceral mass tissues. However, they showed no significant different (r = -0.307, p = 0.331).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.3945-3948
• /
• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, late diagnosis being the main obstacle to improving the outcomes with stage at diagnosis as an important prognostic factor. Relationships between ABO blood groups and risk of benign or malignant diseases have been observed and in this study, we aimed to investigate whether they might affect prognosis and response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with local advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Eighty-one patients with non-metastatic local advanced NSCLC were included in the study. ABO blood groups were A in 45 (55.6%), B in 7 (8.6%), AB in 8 (9.9%), and O in 21 (25.9%) patients. The patients were also divided two groups according to blood group A (45 patients) and non-A (B, AB and O; 36 patients). Response to chemoradiotherapy was complete remission in 10 (12.3%), disease regression in 42 (51.9%), stable disease in 12 (14.8%), and disease progression in 17 (21.0%) patients. Results: There was no significant difference among ABO blood group categories or between patients with A blood group and those with non-A blood group in terms of responses to chemoradiotherapy (p>0.05). There were also no significant differences regarding overall and disease-free survival rates. Conclusion: The ABO blood group system has no significant effect on prognosis and response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-metastatic NSCLC.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.170-174
• /
• 2005

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to a hepatitis B vaccination, and investigate the HBV DNA in subjects with isolated anti-HBc. Methods: 34 subjects with persistent isolated anti-HBc were included in the study. 32 subjects negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were included as a control group. They were all vaccinated with Hepaccine at 0, 1 and 2 months, and anti-HBs titers were measured 1 month after the 1st and 3rd vaccinations (1 and 3 months). The HBV-DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction in subjects with isolated anti-HBc. Results: After the 1st & 3rd vaccinations, the anti-HBs titers$\geq$10mIU/ml were 70.6 & 70.6% in isolated anti-HBc group, and 34.4 & 81.2% in the control group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences after the 1st vaccination, but none after the 3rd, between the two groups. In the isolated anti-HBc and control groups, the primary, amnestic and no responses were 0 vs. 46.9%, 55.9 vs. 6.3% and 29.4 vs. 18.8%, respectively. The HBV DNA was not detected in all subjects with isolated anti-HBc. Conclusion: None of the subjects with isolated anti-HBc had a false positive result (primary response); therefore, they should be excluded from vaccination programs in Korea. To differentiate between immunity and occult infections, a single dose of vaccine, with a follow-up anti-HBs test, is preferable for subjects with isolated anti-HBc. An amnestic response indicates late immunity, and no response a suspect occult infection.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 1998

This study used in vivo intracellular recording in rat hippocampus to evaluate the effect of lidocaine and MK-801 on the membrane properties and the synaptic responses of individual neurons to electrical stimulation of the commissural pathway. Cells in control group typically fired in a tonic discharge mode with an average firing frequency of $2.4{\pm}0.9$ Hz. Neuron in MK-801 treated group (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) had an average input resistance of $3.28{\pm}5.7\;M{\Omega}$ and a membrane time constant of $7.4{\pm}1.8$ ms. These neurons exhibited $2.4{\pm}0.2$ ms spike durations, which were similar to the average spike duration recorded in the neurons of the control group. Slightly less than half of these neurons were firing spontaneously with an average discharge rate of $2.4{\pm}1.1$ Hz. The average peak amplitude of the AHP following the spikes in these groups was $7.4{\pm}0.6$ mV with respect to the resting membrane potential. Cells in MK-801 and lidocaine treated group (5 mg/kg, i.c.v.) had an average input resistance of $3.45{\pm}6.0\;M{\Omega}$ and an average time constant of $8.0{\pm}1.4$ ms. The cells were firing spontaneously at an average discharge rate of $0.6{\pm}0.4$ Hz. Upon depolarization of the membrane by 0.8 nA for 400 ms, all of the tested cells exhibited accommodation of spike discharge. The most common synaptic response contained an EPSP followed by early-IPSP and late-IPSP. Analysis of the voltage dependence revealed that the early-IPSP and late-IPSP were putative $Cl^--and\;K^+-dependent$, respectively. Systemic injection of the NMDA receptor blocker, MK-801, did not block synaptic responses to the stimulation of the commissural pathway. No significant modifications of EPSP, early-IPSP, or late-IPSP components were detected in the MK-801 and/or lidocaine treated group. These results suggest that MK-801 and lidocaine manifest their CNS effects through firing pattern of hippocampal pyramidal cells and neural network pattern by changing the synaptic efficacy and cellular membrane properties.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 1987

The experiment with two levels of nitrogen (0. and 300kg / ha / year) and two levels of clipping height (1.5cm and 4cm) was conducted on the field during the period 3 June to 23 October 1985. Clonal lines of korean lawngrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) and manilagrass ( Zoysia matrella ( L.) Merr.)of Daejon origin were established in June, as individual clone in rows 30cm apart with a 40cm spacing between clones, actually 4 clones each plot. The results obtained were as follows : 1. When no nitrogen was applied to korean lawngrass, leaf blade which appeared during the August / early September period remained green for a period of about 10 weeks and even leaves emerged in late September lived for 42 days. However, leaf longevity did not exceed 8 weeks as nitrogen was applied. In contrast the leaf longevity of manilagrass which emerged during the mid - August / early September period was 11 weeks and, under the nitrogen applied, 9 weeks, indicating that the life - saen of individual leaf of manilagrass may be longer than that of korean lawngrass. Meanwhile, clipping height had no effect on the leaf longevity in both grasses. 2. During the July / August period, tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight of korean lawngrass were increased significantly with fertilizer nitrogen, but were not with two levels of clipping height. This trend was reversed after late September : no effect of nitrogen was appeared. Instead, lax clipping increased tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight. Green leaves stimulated by lax clipping resulted in the occurrance of more dead leaves in late October. 3. The increase of tiller number, green leaf number, and DM weight of korean lawngrass due to nitrogen application appeared to be of significance in early September. Unlike korean lawngrass, however, this significant increase was maintained to late October when new green leaves still emerge. Clipping height had little effect on the growth of manilagrass by early September, but since then, lax clipping stimulated leaf appearance, possibly resulting in a remained green color of manilagrass turf. 4. Among the stolons outgrown until early September, the primary stolon was not influenced by nitrogen and clipping treatments to produce only 2 - 3 stolons. However, 1st branch stolon as affected by nitrogen increased significantly, so most of stolons which occurred consisted of 1st branch stolon. 5. Until early September, stolon length obtained at nil nitrogen level was chiefly caused by lengthening the primary stolons. By applying nitrogen the primary stolons of korean lawngrass was longer than 1st branch stolons when severe clipping was involved and in turn, shorter than 1st branch stolons when lax clipping was concerned. In manilagrass, 1st branch stolons were much longer than the primary stolons when turf was clipped severely but in conditions of lax clipping, there was little difference in length between primary and 1st branch stolons. 6. Stolon nodes of both korean lawngrass and manilagrass were positively influenced by nitrogen, but no particular increases by imposing clipping height treatment was marked in manilagrass. Although the stolon of korean lawngrass was grown until late october, the growth stimulated by nitrogen was not so remarkable as to exceed that a by nil N. 7. The thickness of korean lawngrass and manilagrass was greatest in late September, but that of manilagrass did not differ significantly from that in late October. 8. The response of stolon length of korean lawngrass to lax clippings was not so great in late October as to that to severe clippings. On the other hand, the positive effect of lax clippings to stolon length in m anilagrass was confirmed even in late October.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.129-150
• /
• 2012

This study examined difference in the responses of children and therapists depending on children's problem type(internalization or externalization) and the therapists' levels of psychological burnout. Play therapy' cases (March 2010 ~ September 2011) were successfully concluded in more than 36 sessions, which targeting 14 children aged 4~9 who had emotional and behavioral problems and two therapists who consulted with the children. To examine the change in the play therapy stepwise process in this case, the responses in the children and the therapists were examined by dividing the stages of therapy into the early stage, the middle stage, and the late stage. The Results showed that (1) the children's response during the play therapy process were not significant different for both types of children's problems. Moreover, there were no differences with different levels psychological burnout by the therapist. (2) A change in the children's response during the play therapy process was noted in both children who had internalization problem and in those who had externalization problems. Moreover, according to the therapist's levels of psychological burnout, a change in the children's responses was indicated in the play therapy process. (3) The therapist's responses in the play therapy process did not show significant difference according to children's problem type or therapists' levels of psychological burnout. (4) A significant difference was noted in the responses between the therapists experiencing psychological burnout depending on their level.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.490-494
• /
• 2003

To understand flowering response under diverse day-length condition and the movement of floral stimulus, we used six perilla accessions which showed diverse days to flowering. Though the growth phase was reported as irreversible between vegetative and reproductive stage, perilla showed reversible growth phase according to day length increase in May and June. When it sowed in March, flowering response was started in early May and vegetative and reproductive phase was coexisted in late June. When a part of a perilla plant was treated under short day condition, only apical buds on main stem or branches were flowered but other long day conditioned apical buds were not flowered. With this result it is suggested that the floral stimulus can not be transferred to other part of perilla.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 2012

Objectives Perillae Folium (PF) has been widely used in Korean herbal medicines used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, and enteritis. In this study, to investigate the protective effect of PF on type 1 allergic response, we determined whether PF inhibits early or late allergic responses. Methods The effect of PF was analyzed by ELISA,. RT-PCR and Western blot in RBL-2H3 cells. Levels of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, interleukin (IL)-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). mRNA levels of cytokines and enzymes were analyzed with RT-PCR. Signal transduction was analyzed with Western blot. Results We found that PF suppressed ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 by the IgE-DNP-HSA stimulation. PF also significantly inhibited enzymes level, such as COX-1, COX-2, iNOS, and HDC2, along with reduced cytokine levels, such as IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in RBL-2H3. In addition, PF suppressed the phospholyation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$. Conclusions Our results indicate that PF protects against type 1 allergic response and exert an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of degranulation and expression of cytokines and enzymes via the suppression of signal transduction.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.86-95
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Ulmus davidiana (UD) has been widely used in Korean herbal medicines used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, and abscess. In this study, To investigated the protective effect of UD on type 1 allergic response, we determined whether UD inhibits early and late allergic response. Methods : The effect of UD was analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR in RBL-2H3 cells. Levels of ${\beta}$ -hexosaminidase, interleukin (IL)-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). mRNA levels of COX-2 and T-helper type 2(Th2) cytokines were analyzed with RT-PCR. Results : We found that UD suppressed ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 not only by the PMA plus A23187 stimulation, but also by the IgE-DNP-HSA stimulation at the antigen-antibody binding stage and antibody-receptor binding stage. UD also significantly inhibited COX2 level, along with reduced Th2 cytokine levels, such as IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in RBL-2H3. Conclusions : Our results indicate that UD protects against type 1 allergic response and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of degranulation and expression of COX2 and Th2 cytokines.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.395-400
• /
• 2001

We investigated the variations of the flowering response to daylength in Perilla crop (var. frutescens). Seventeen accessions of Perilla crop and one accession of weedy type of var. crispa from China, Korea and Japan were cultivated under three daylength conditions, i.e., short-days, natural daylength and long-days. Most accessions of Perilla crop from China, Korea and Japan were divided into three types, early maturing type, intermediate maturing type and late maturing type by their natural flowering habit. In most of the accessions used, the flowering habit was significantly accelerated by short-day conditions and was delayed by long-day conditions. All the accessions of Perilla crops flowered within 57 days under the 10 hrs light treatment, whereas they did not flower at all even at 170 days after sowing under the 16 hrs light treatment. Thus, this finding suggested that there is a relationship between the types of flowering response to daylength and the geographical distribution which determines the planting season in traditional cultivation practices of Perilla crops. Positive correlation was observed between days to flowering and plant height or internode number in both the short-day and natural daylength conditions. Whereas, correlation was negative between days to flowering and inflorescence length or floret number in natural daylength condition, but it was positive in the short-day condition. Therefore, the daylength condition is considered as the most important environmental factor for flowering habit and morphological characters of Perilla crops. Flowering habit is considered as an important key character for the study of geographical differentiation of Perilla crop in East Asia.