• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2006

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of harvesting date on the forage yield and quality of different rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two harvesting dates 20th and 30th April. The subplots consisted of five rye cultivars from different maturity groups such as 'Kodiak (Late)'. 'Koolgrazer (Early)', 'Danko (Late)', 'Homil22 (Medium)' and 'Olhomil (Early)' Dry matter (DM) contents of 17.8% at early harvesting were lower 2.2% than at late harvesting. But crude protein (CP) of 18.9% and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents of 65.5% at early harvesting were higher 2.3% and 3.0% than those at late harvesting, respectively. There were significant differences in DM, CP and TDN contents among the rye cultivars tested (p<0.05). The contents of fiber components at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting. The acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and hemicellulose contents at early harvesting was higher than that at late harvesting. The fiber component of early maturing cultivars such as 'Koolgrazer' and 'Olhomil' were higher than those of the others. Dry matter, CP, in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and TDN yields at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and the yield of early maturing cultivars were higher than those of the others. In this study, the results of this study indicate that forage production technology in combination with early maturing rye cultivar and late harvesting could enhance both production and quality of rye.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 1995

This experiment was canied out to study the effects of seeding and harvesting dates on the growth of early and late maturing rye(Seca1e cereale L.) varieties at the forage testing field of S.N.U., Suweon, from September 1986 to May 1989. Leaf and tiller numbers of rye per plant were increased with earlier seeding date, but no difference in the tiller numbers was found between harvesting dates of early and late maturing rye varieties. Tiller dry weight of an early maturing rye veriety, Wintermore was higher than that of a late maturing rye variety, Kodiak when sown as early as September. Maximun leaf area index(LA1) and leaf area index duration(LA1D) were achieved with earlier seeding and early maturing rye varieties. A higher correlation between the maximum LA1 or LAID and dry matter accumulation of rye varieties was observed in this experiment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.316-323
• /
• 1994

In order to reduce the problems from the presence of rye crop residues in maize establishment and yield, and also to improve the growth, productivity and nutritive value of rye(Seca1e cereal L.). an experiment was canied out to determine the variety effect of rye on the forage production system and the eft'ect of seeding and harvesting dates on the production and quality of rye. 'This experiment was conducted at the forage testing field of S.N.U., Suweon, from September 1986 to May 1989. Heading date of an early maturing rye variety, Wintermore. was earlier 10 days than that of a late maturing rye variety, Kodiak. A 15-days delay in the seeding dates of early and late maturing varieties of rye tended to delay the heading dates of the rye varieties for 3 and 4 days, respectively. Dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter yields were markedly increased with earlier seeding date. Before 20 April, the DM and IVDDM yeilds of an early maturing rye variety, Winterrnore. were higher than those of a late maturing rye variety, Kodiak. However, no such a trend was found between the early and late maturing varieties of rye after 27 April. Less than 35% of ADF was recorded until the harvesting dates of 13 and 27 p r i l for early and late maturing rye varieties, respectively, but less than 46% of NDF was maintained until the harvesting drtte of 13 April for botg varieties. Based on the results obtained from this experiment. it may be concluded that the most desirable forage production from corn-rye double cropping system is to advance the seeding time of rye toward the first 10 days of September as well as harvesting time toward the first heading stage with an early maturing rye variety.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.353-360
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value and the quality of ensiled kenaf after fermentation with three cultivars at three different times of harvesting. Experimental plot were allocated with three harvest date (Early;8/3, medium;8/15 and late;8/28) and three cultivars (Tainung-a, Everglade, Whitten). The DM (dry matter) yield increased with maturity in all three cultivars, especially in Whitten which showed the highest yield at each harvest time. The DM content in Whitten at late harvesting time was higher than other treatments (231 g $kg^{-1}$ DM). The CP (crude protein) contents of the kenaf silage of all three cultivars ranged from 151 to 164 g $kg^{-1}$. Highest content of NDF (neutral detergent fiber) was observed in Everglade at medium harvesting date, but the ADF (acid detergent fiber) content was highest in Everglade at early harvesting date (p<0.05). All treatments produced a pH less than 4.0, which is sufficient for stable storage. The pH of Tainung-a was higher than other cultivars at all harvesting times (p<0.05). Whitten showed the higher content of lactic acid (25.8 g $kg^{-1}$ DM) showed at early harvesting date than other cultivars (p<0.05), while the acetic acid content (21.1 g $kg^{-1}$ DM) was higher in Tainung-a at medium harvesting date (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in ammonia-Nand butyric acid concentrations among all treatments. These results indicate that a kenaf silage could be used as fodder for ruminants. Especially, the Whitten harvested at late growing stage showed promise as a forage silage crop under Koran environments.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.229-232
• /
• 2010

Caffeine and catechins from the Yabukita, Yutakamidori, Saemidori, Okumidori, and Fushun varieties of tea leaves picked during different harvesting seasons from April to October were evaluated using HPLC. Total content of catechins increased greatly with the later harvesting time of tea leaves (i.e., picking the leaves in September versus in April) and decreased slightly after September. Yabukita tea leaves picked in August contained 43.1 mg% catechins including EGC, EC, ECG, and EGCG, with the ECGC levels constituting greater than 50% of those four compounds. Yutakamidori and Okumidori varieties picked in September contained the highest catechin values, at 43.6 mg% and 31.0 mg%, respectively. Fushun and Saemidori varieties contained lower catechin concentrations of 14.5 mg% (July) and 11.7 mg% (August) compared to other varieties. The EGCG levels gradually decreased in the late harvesting season, while levels of the other catechins, EC, EGC, and ECG, gradually increased. All varieties of green tea showed a gradual decrease in caffeine content toward the end of our harvesting efforts in October, with levels of 58～68 mg% in April and 28～57 mg% in October. Yabukita, Saemidori, and Okumidori varieties reached their highest caffeine levels in late spring/early summer, with Yabukita and Okumidori varieties reaching a high of 73.4% and 63.5% caffeine, respectively, in May, and Saemidori at 64.0% in June. In particular, Fushun still contained high caffeine of 66.8 mg% (September) during the late harvesting season.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2002

Planting date of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of production components in cultural systems. The objective of the current study was to identify the components of soybean production and cultural practices encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to dry matter accumulation, harvest index and yield components. Three determinate soybean cultivars were planted on May 13 (early), June 3 (mid), and June 24 (late). Planting density was 60$\times$15cm with 2 seeds (222,000 plants per ha). Soybean plants were sampled every 10 days interval from the growth stages of V5 to R8 and separated into leaves including petioles, stems, pods, and seeds. Dry matter accumulations, harvest indices, and yield components were measured. Early planting had taken 55 days from VE to R2 and late planting taken 39 days indicating reduced vegetative growth. Early planting showed higher leaf, stem, pod and seed dry weights than late planting. However, late planting appeared to be higher harvest index and harvesting rate. Vegetative mass including leaf and stem increased to a maximum around R4/R5 and total dry weight increased to a maximum around R5/R6 and then declined slightly at R8. The highest seed yield was obtained with mid planting and no difference was found between early and late plantings. Cultivar differences were found among planting dates on growth characteristics and yield components. The results of this experiment indicated that soybean yield in relation to planting dates examined was mainly associated with harvest index and harvesting rate, and planting date of cultivars would be considered soybean plants to reach the growth stage of R4/R5 after mid August for adequate seed yield.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.61-80
• /
• 2002

Tree-harvesting worker data of 508 separate worker accidents are analyzed and an exploratory approach taken. The worker accident data cover a sample of five years. The scope of the study was the southeastern United States of America. As might be hypothesized, the chainsaw was the most hazardous type of tree-harvesting equipment. It accounted for 55％ of the tree-harvesting accidents. Most chainsaw accidents resulted in injuries to the lower extremities and were more frequent among younger employees. The probability of one or more chainsaw accidents occurring in any 30-day period was approximately 0.856. Chainsaw accidents were more likely to occur in late morning and early afternoon. We used statistical tools such as Pareto charts, c-charts and Ishikawa diagrams. Such tools are useful in diagnosing the root-cause of tree-harvesting worker accidents and help in developing preventive safety programs. Recommendations to help improve the quality of information of accident data collected by insurance companies and others are briefly given. The strategy and culture of continuous process improvements are stressed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.174-179
• /
• 2015

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimal harvesting time for barley and wheat grain for the production of fermented grain feeds, and to investigate their fermentation quality according to harvesting time. As a result, grain moisture content was decreased with late harvest, whereas spike weight ratio and 1000 grain weight were increased with prolonged period after heading. Grain yielding was increased with late harvesting time significantly at p<0.05. Crude protein content was increased with late harvesting time, but crude fiber content was decreased. Crude fat and ash content were slightly decreased, but not statistically significant. Comparing the effects of fermentation on feed value of winter cereal grain, the approximate compositions were slightly increased after fermentation, but the difference was not significant. Fermentations resulted in increasing the pH value of winter cereal grain silage with late harvesting time, but decreasing the lactic acid content (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in acetic acid, and butyric acid was not detected. Considering the quantity and quality of fermentation, barley and wheat can be used for winter cereal grain silage when they were harvested at 35 days and 40-45 days after heading, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 1999

This experiment was carried out to determine harvest date and cultivar effects on the agronomic characteristics, forage yield, and quality of fall sown oat (Avena sativa L.) at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suweon from August to November 1993. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots were consisted of the harvesting dates, suchas early (11 October), mid(21 October), and late(1 November), the subplots were consisted of different maturities of oat cultivars, such as 'West', 'Cayuse' and 'Magnum'. The first heading date of an early maturing culivar, West, was observed on 10 October, and the heading increased up to 30% at the late harvesting date. The average dry matter (DM) content of oat cultivars increased significantly from 12.8 to 15.9% as the growing stage progressed(p<0.01). The average dry matter percentage of West, Cayuse, and Magnum was 15.4, 13.4, and 13.5%, respectively. The crude protein (CP) content of oat cultivars decreased significantly from 20.1 to 13.3% as the harvesting date was delayed(p<0.01), and the CP contents of midseason and late maturing cultivars, Cayuse and Magnum, respectively, were significantly higher than that of an early maturing cultivar West (p<0.01). The mid harvesting date showed the highest acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than the other harvesting dates, and an early maturing cultivar West had higher ADF and NDF contents than the midseason and late maturing cultivars, Cayuse and Magnum, respectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) of oat cultivar West decreased as the harvesting date was delayed, but that of Cayuse and Magnum decreased only by the mid harvesting date. Cayuse and Magnum showed 3~4% higher digestibility than West. The correlation coefficient between IVDMD and ADF content was -0.86. The average dry matter yield of oat cultivars increased from 2,901 to 5,901kg/ha as the harvesting date was delayed(p<0.01), but no significant difference was found among oat cultivars. The corrdelation coefficient between DM yield and gorwing degree days(GDD) was +0.86. The results of this study indicate that a delay in harvesting date would be recommendable for the increase of dry matter yield when fall-sown oat is grown. Especially, the DM yield of the midseason and late maturing cultivars, Cayuse and Magnum, respectively, can be increased without much change of forage quality although the harvesting date are delayed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2013

Anthocyanin pigments from three pigmented rice varieties, Hongjinju, Sintoheugmi and Josaengheugchal pigmented by black color, were quantified to evaluate effects of transplanting and harvesting time during seed development. Hongjinju, a rice variety of grains pigmented by red color, contains only two kinds of anthocyanins, delphinidin and cyanidin. Meanwhile, delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin were identified in Sintoheugmi and Josaengheugchal. Anthocyanidin contents in pigmented rice variety Hongjinju under different planting times were decreased with prolonged harvesting times. The Sintoheukmi showed that cyanidin content was the highest among analyzed pigments during seed development. Two anthocyanins (cyanidin and pelargonidin) in Josaengheugchal recorded highest contents at 20 days after heading in three transplanting times. Cyanidin content was also slightly increased with prolonged transplanting time. Total anthocyanidin contents in Hongjinju were always lower than that of Sintoheukmi and Josaengheukchal. In two rice varieties, Sintoheugmi and Josaengheugchal, $a^*$ values were commonly slightly decreased by late transplanting and harvesting times. Changes of $a^*$ and $b^*$ values in waxy rice varieties, Sintoheugmi and Josaengheugchal varied more than those in Hongjinju. In Josaengheugchal, early harvesting before maturity showed lower brown rice yield and late harvesting in the each transplanting times resulted in highest brown rice yield.