• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.334-344
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to systematically analyze the effect and stability of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of patients with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD). Methods: We searched PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang Database for relevant studies published before February 18, 2021 and selected them according to the eligibility criteria. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews (version 5.1.0) criteria were used for the quality assessment of randomized controlled trials, while the scoring protocol of the methodological index for non-randomized studies was used for non-randomized controlled trials. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan5.3 software. Results: All the included studies showed a relatively high success rate of expansion. The changes in both the intermolar and alveolar widths after MARPE were statistically significant. MARPE exhibited greater skeletal expansion effects than did conventional RPE. The midpalatal suture was opened in parallel after MARPE. A small amount of relapse was observed 1 year after expansion. MARPE caused tooth inclination and a decrease in alveolar height, but it was less significant than in conventional RPE. Conclusions: MARPE may be an effective treatment modality for patients with MTD. It causes great transverse skeletal expansion in late adolescence. In comparison to conventional RPE, MARPE has lower detrimental periodontal effects and has certain clinical advantages.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

Purpose : In this study, we listed common diseases in pediatric inpatients and evaluated the distribution of diseases by period and age group, in order to estimate the epidemiologic trend. Methods : Patients who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics between 1997 and 2008 were included. Demographic characteristics, date of admission, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code of patients were indentified. Study period was divided into two; early (1997-2002) and late (2003-2008), and age of patients were grouped into four; infancy, early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence. Results : A total of 33,513 patients were admitted for 12 years. In the list of ICD code, Pneumonia (J12-J18; 21.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by gastroenteritis (A00-A09; 17.8%), bronchiolitis (J21; 11.9%), and so on. Common diseases ranked from 1 to 10 comprised the majority (79.1%) of all the inpatients. There was increase in the number of inpatients with respiratory infectious disease (bronchiolitis, otitis media, and sinusitis), enlarged lymph node, or impetigo/cellulitis, but decrease in the number of inpatients with aseptic meningitis, intussusceptions, measles, or nephritic/nephrotic syndrome. The distribution of diseases also showed age group-specific difference. Conclusion : The distribution of diseases by period and age group was different. The epidemiologic trend should be considered in developing the management of strategy for the Department of Pediatrics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1042-1049
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to survey the preliminary data on risk behaviors and to identify the factors that prevent risk-behaviors in late adolescence. Methods : Freshmen(n=1,297) beginning the first semester in Korea University, Seoul, Korea completed self-administered risk behavior questionnaires, comprising 5 domains : demographics, smoking, drinking, drug abuse and sexual behavior. Results : The rate of smoking experience was higher in people having friends who smoke and the predictors of transition to current smoking were male gender, urban residence, friends' smoking, and nicotine dependence. The rate of high risk drinking was higher among students who are male and who had experience of heavy episodic drinking. The study group showed a low prevalence of narcotic users, but two-thirds of students could get medicine easily without prescriptions. The prevalence of sexual experience was 6.5 percent, and the sexual education was not a predictor of contraceptive behavior. The prevalence of homosexuality was 1.6 percent, and the rate of mostly heterosexuality was higher in female students. Conclusion : The main targets of youth health education should be campaigns aimed at atcessation of reinforcing risk behaviors and the development of a surveillance system for the prevention of chronic disease. These results can be used to find risk factors of health-risk behaviors among late adolescents.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.336-340
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• 2015

Purpose: The mean adult height of Koreans has increased since nationwide anthropological measurements began in 1967. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in heights of Korean late adolescents and young adults within and between the Second and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES II and V). Methods: Koreans aged ${\leq}22$ years with available measurements of height were enrolled from the KNHANES surveys (KNHANES II: n=3,372 [1,732 males and 1,640 females]; KNHANES V: n=6,190 [3,198 males and 2,992 females]). Differences in the height of KNHANES respondents within and between surveys were evaluated according to age and sex. Results: In KNHANES II, there was no significant difference in height between males aged 17-19 years and those aged 20-22 years ($174.3{\pm}0.5cm$ vs. $174.3{\pm}0.6cm$, P=0.995). Females aged 20-22 years were taller than those aged 17-19 years ($159.8{\pm}0.4cm$ vs. $161.0{\pm}0.4cm$, P=0.017). Females aged 17-19 years were significantly taller in KNHANES V than in KNHANES II ($161.2{\pm}0.3cm$ vs. $159.8{\pm}0.4cm$, P=0.004). Respondents aged 20-22 years were taller in KNHANES V than in KNHANES II, although not significantly so; the difference was $0.3{\pm}0.8cm$ in males (P=0.721) and $0.5{\pm}0.6cm$ in females (P=0.386). Conclusion: Koreans appear to continue growing even in their late adolescence and early twenties. Consequently, it may be necessary to expand the reference age ranges of the Korean growth chart. Additionally, a longitudinal growth survey is needed to determine growth patterns and secular trend in height among Koreans.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1998

Purpose: The old reference range of serum anion gap(AG) may be excessive compared with value measured by new electrolyte analyzers. Therefore, we studied to establish a new reference range of AG using an autoanalyzer. Methods: With the use of analyzer(Hitachi 747 by enzymatic methods), serum Na and Cl were measured, and with the use of analyzer(CX-3 by differental rage pH), serum $TCO_2$ was measured. We measured AG(=Na-($Cl+HCO_3$)) in 395 stable patients with normal serum albumin and creatinine levels of the pediatric in-patients and out-patients for preoperative examination from march 1997 to July 1997. Results: The normal serum$ AG(mean{\pm}SD)$ were neonate, $11.2{\pm}3.2$ mEq/L; infancy, $11.8{\pm}2.7$ mEq/L; early childhood, $12{\pm}2.7$ mEq/L; late childhood, $11.7{\pm}3.2$ mEq/L; adolescence, $9.6{\pm}2.7$ mEq/L; adult, $9.0{\pm}2.7$ mEq/L. Normal serum AG in more than 10 years of age was significantly lower than the previous normal value and also the difference of AG between more than 10 years and less than 10 years was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions: We suggest to measure serum AG according to each type of analyzers.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.21-38
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• 2008

Objective: This study examined the use of mental health helping systems among college students in Korea. A behavioral model of health service utilization was applied to examine factors influencing different types of helping systems. Methods: A total of 454 college students from four universities participated in the survey. A self-administered questionnaire measuring help-seeking behaviors including formal health and mental health services, informal helping system, peer group, and family support was used. Results: Respondents frequently turn to family members and peer group when in need, and age, sex, mental Health status, and attitude and knowledge on mental illness were significant factors affecting help-seeking behaviors of Korean students. While older students and those with more severe symptoms were more likely to seek help from formal resources, students with more severe symptoms were less likely to seek help from informal resources. Male students and those with negative attitude toward mental illness were less likely to ask peer groups for help. Conclusions: Study results indicate that informal resources and peer groups can be significant sources of social support for individuals in their late adolescence and young adulthood, however, their role as gateways to professional help is limited. Student counseling centers should take on a more active role in reaching out; implications for developing peer leaders as counselors and self-help groups are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 1999

Background : Since dysthymia begins in late childhood or adolescence and has a chronic course, long-term pharmacotherapy may be required. New generation antidepressant, moclobemide, with more acceptable side effect profiles, is effective in the treatment of dysthymia. The main objective of this study was to determine whether they exhibit comparable efficacy and tolerability in dysthymia to amitriptyline. Method and Materials : The efficacy and tolerability of the moclobemide and amitriptyline, were compared in a eight-week single-centre double-blind study in patients(n=37) with dysthymia using he HAMD-17, the Clinical Global Impression Scale(CGI), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Efficacy Index-Therapeutic Index(EITE), 4-point Index Side Effect Scale(4-PISES), and Efficacy Index- Side Effect Scale(EISE). Results : A total of 37 patients entered the study, 19 were randomly assigned to the moclobemide group and 18 to be amitriptyline group. Demo-graphic and illness characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no significant difference between two groups at the total 17-HDRS score, the HAMD-17% improvement, the total MADRS score, CGI response, and the EITE. In the comparison of EISE between two groups, the scores of the moclobemide group were relatively lower than the amitriptylinen group in full treatment. And the differences were significant(moclobemide group $1.39{\pm}0.61$ ; amitriptyline group $2.00{\pm}0.85$, p<.001). At the 4-PISE, There was no serious or treatment threatening side effects. And there was no specific difference in side effects between two groups. The moclobemide group reported higher EIR scores than the amitriptyline group at every follow up day, but the differences were not significant. And, there was no significant differences in the scores of five HRQOL subcategories which is compared between two groups at every follow up days. Conclusions : In terms of 17-HDRS and MADRS, moclobemide and amitriptyline are equally effective at least in allevating dysthymic symptoms. But moclobemide tended to be less troubling and better tolerated than amitriptyline. Therefore, moclobemide treatment can be used as a safe, and higher satisfactory treatment strategy for the dysthymia.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 2009

Purpose : This study is a descriptive correlation study to offer the basic materials for developing the preventive program of continuously increasing AIDS in the young people by examining the knowledge and attitude of AIDS in college students. Methods : The period of data collection was from May 1 to 15, 2009, 300 freshman, sophomore and junior students who understood the purpose of the research and agreed to participate in the questionnaire were randomly sampled, structured questionnaire was distributed to them and their responses were collected. Instruments used for this study included those used by Kim and Lee and revised and complemented by this researcher to measure the knowledge of AIDS and those by Yun and Lee revised and complemented by the researcher to measure the attitude of AIDS. For data analysis, it measured technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS/PC 12.0. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The whole knowledge of AIDS the subjects had scored 58.9 and their average attitude scored $3.78(1{\pm}25)$. 2. In the degree of knowledge of AIDS depending on general characteristics and health-related characteristics of the subjects, it was found that the students at the department of emergency medical showed higher knowledge(t=3.638, p=.001) and positive attitude of AIDS(t=3.330, p=.001) compared to students at other majors. 3. In the degree of knowledge of AIDS depending on AIDS-related education, subjects who had experienced AIDS education(t=1.973, p=.050), those with the experience of theory education(F=4.057, p=.008), those who felt the necessity of AIDS education(t=4.588, p=.000), and those who were willing to take part in AIDS education(t=2.898, p=.004) showed higher know1edge of AIDS. In the attitude of AIDS, subjects with theory-oriented AIDS education(F=3.012, p=.032), those who felt the necessity of AIDS education(t=2.445, p=.015), and those who were willing to take part in AIDS education(t=2.379, p=.018) showed positive attitude of AIDS education. 4. As the knowledge of AIDS the subjects was higher(r=.329, p=.000), they showed more positive attitude of AIDS and it meant that there was positive correlations. Conclusion : Consequently, systematic, concrete and continuous education of AIDS suitable to the requirements of college students is needed to induce changes of their knowledge and attitude of AIDS and for this, AIDS education program which can be used properly by the developmental stages of college students who belong to late adolescence should be developed in the field of school and if possible, curriculum of sex education including AIDS education should be established in all departments of college.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.303-324
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• 2020

This study investigates the credibility judgements of information by tweens using digital media and information. Particularly, the study focused on tweens' perception of internet research and information use and on their credibility judgement of source and message, internet service providers, and on consulting with others for their credibility judgement. The survey methodology was used to collect data from grade 5 and 6 students in two elementary schools whose parents are likely in middle and upper class. 336 valid questionnaires were collected among 400. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and t-test were used to analyze the data collected using SPSS 25. Findings suggested that tweens understood the importance of using smart media and computers, that they used Youtube, Naver, Kakao talk, Naver JisikIN much in sequence, and that they believed the Internet research was easy and fun. Using exploratory factor analysis, the survey questions for credibility judgement were classified into three factors: Internet service providers, sources and information, and consulting with others. Tweens used sources and information credibility, consulting with others credibility, Internet service providers credibility in sequence. However, it was interesting to find that there were greater deviation in answers on knowing how to find out the cognitive authority of the authors and on the importance of using current information. This study suggests the critical need for tweens' credibility judgement research for promoting critical thinking skills as well as for proactive educational practices in schools and libraries on information literacy.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.79-102
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop curriculum framework for entrepreneurship development for adolescents. In order to achieve this goal, we studied and developed entrepreneurship semantics, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship education contents. This study was developed through Delphi survey. The results of this study were as follows. First, the meaning of entrepreneurship is Innovative mind-set to create true value by experience into life in order to pursue 'self full-filling life' as the organizer of life. Second, the nature of entrepreneurship education for youth is that entrepreneurship education aims to find and solve new problems through self-management to young people who will lead the future, and to create dynamic challenges and creative changes to create innovative values. Leadership skills, challenging spirit, and ability to solve practical problems'. Third, we developed a general goal for youth and elementary, middle and high school goal for entrepreneurship education. Fourth, as a domain of entrepreneurship education, we have developed 'core discovery', 'entrepreneurial skills', 'becoming an entrepreneur' and developed key themes. Based on the results of this study, we developed a systematic entrepreneurship education linkage and educational condition creation for young people outside schools; entrepreneurship program application and educational condition development according to the operation of the free-learning semester system; the strengthening of business start-up support for youth in late adolescence, the establishment of measures to utilize related institutions in local communities and others.