• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1972

$^{86}Rb$ uptake of some organs and tissues, ego both lungs, both renal cortices. small intestine, liver and skeletal muscle were studied in the control and the rabbit subjected to pneumothorax. $^{86}Rb$ in the form of chloride mixed with physiological saline was intravenously. injected. The doses were $100{\mu}c$ for a rabbit. The rabbits were sacrificed at intervals of 10, 20, 40, and 60 seconds after the injection of $^{86}Rb$, by the injection of saturated KCI solution. After sacrification, the organ and tissue sample were quickly removed. $^{86}Rb$ uptake in gm of the organs and tissues were measured. On the basis of uptake value, administered doses and body weight, % dose/gm tissues per 200 gm body weight was calculated. Followings were the results; 1. Pneumothorax resulted in a marked elevation in $^{86}Rb$ uptake value of collapsed lung and returned to normal level lately. 2. Contralateral lung of pnemothorax also showed marked elevation in $^{86}Rb$ uptake value and recovered to normal level. 3. Initial $^{86}Rb$ uptake value of liver, small intestine of the rabbit with pneumothorax showed some elevation as compared to control, but that of late stage were similar with control. 4. Local blood flow determination by means of $^{86}Rb$ uptake were inadequate in the collapsed lung of pneumothorax. 5. It was suggested that the mechanism for the initial elevation of $^{86}Rb$ uptake value in each organs and tissue were different from each other.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate pregnancy, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes in women with small (<4 cm) unilateral endometriomas. Methods: This retrospective study included 177 patients: 91 patients with small endometriomas and 86 controls with unexplained or tubal factor infertility who were treated at the Süleymaniye Gynecology and Maternity Training and Research Hospital Infertility Unit between January 2010 and July 2015. The groups were matched with regards to demographic characteristics such as age, body mass index, and infertility duration. All of the women in this study conceived via intracytoplasmic sperm injection. We compared pregnancy, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes between these groups. Results: Women with endometriomas had a higher biochemical pregnancy rate, but lower clinical pregnancy and live birth rates than women with unexplained and tubal factor infertility (p<0.05 for all). However no significant differences were found in terms of obstetric and neonatal complications between the two groups (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: In this study, we found that women with endometriomas less than 4 cm were more prone to early pregnancy complications. We also showed that this group did not have any increased risks of late pregnancy, obstetric, and neonatal complications.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2012

사출성형공정은 충전, 보압, 냉각, 이형 및 취출 순서로 이루어진다. 이러한 공정 중 보압단계에서 캐비티 내에 가장 큰 압력이 주어진다. 따라서 캐비티 내압은 보압전환 시점과 보압의 크기에 가장 크게 영향을 받는다. 캐비티의 큰 내압은 금형에 큰 응력을 집중시켜 금형을 손상시킬 우려가 있으므로 캐비티 내압을 관찰하고 조절하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 이론해석과 실험을 통하여 보압전환 시점과 보압의 크기에 따라 캐비티 내압을 분석하였다. 보압전환 시점이 늦어짐에 따라서 내압이 증가하였다. 또한 보압전환이 늦어지면서 충전시간이 길게 되어 전체적으로 압력을 받는 시간이 길어져 보압 이후 냉각이 끝난 후에도 잔여압력이 존재하였다. 캐비티 내의 압력은 보압크기가 커질수록 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 역시 보압의 크기가 클수록 냉각 후 잔여압력이 증가하였다. 결과적으로 보압전환 시점이 늦고 보압크기가 크면 캐비티 내에 높은 압력이 형성되고 냉각이 끝난 후에도 잔여압력이 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 실험과 해석을 비교해 보았을 때 전체적인 경향은 매우 유사하였으나 해석에서는 잔여압력을 예측하지 못하였다. 캐비티 내압 조절을 위해서는 보압조건의 설정이 중요하며 CAE 해석을 통하여 최적 조건 설정이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1981

Experiments were conducted to test morphine sensitivity of the flexion reflex in the anemic decerebrate cats. Animals were immobilized with gallamine triethiodide(Flxaedil) and were artificially ventilated. The sural nerve was electrically stimulated(20V, 0.5 msec) and the flexion reflex was obtained by recording compound action potentials from the nerve innervated to the semitendinosus muscle. Intravenous injection of morphine $(0.5{\sim}2.0\;mg/kg)$ was found to have following effects on the flexion reflex. 1) Morphine tended to depress the early component of the flexion reflex and the effect was widely variable between animal preparations. 2) Morphine significantly depressed the late component of the flexion reflex, the effect being proportional to the dose of morphine. 3) The morphine effect on the flexion reflex was reversed by a small dose of naloxone hydrochloride$(0.025{\sim}0.1\;mg/kg)$. 4) Naloxone hydrochloride alone did not appear to facilitate the flexion reflex. 5) The main site for the morphine action was found to be the brain stem. From these results and those reported in literatures, we conclude that the late component of the flexion reflex well represents the pain sensation, thus the late component of the flexion reflex can be used as a reasonable subjective index of pain in experimental animals.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

Background: Cupressus arizonica Greene is a coniferous tree with great importance in fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. Essential oils from C. arizonica (EC) have shown potential antioxidant, and anti-microbial activities. This study aimed at investigating the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects/mechanisms of EC. Methods: The EC was evaluated for anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities on male Wistar rats using a formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema, respectively. Also, we pre-treated some of the animals with naloxone and flumazenil in the formalin test to find out the possible contributions of opioid and benzodiazepine receptors to EC anti-nociceptive effects. Finally, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was used to identify the EC's constituents. Results: EC in intraperitoneal doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg significantly decrease the nociceptive responses in both early and late phases of the formalin test. From a mechanistic point of view, flumazenil administration 20 minutes before the most effective dose of EC (1 g/kg) showed a meaningful reduction in the associated anti-nociceptive responses during the early and late phases of the formalin test. Naloxone also reduced the anti-nociceptive role of EC in the late phase. Furthermore, EC at the doses of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 g/kg significantly reduced paw edema from 0.5 hours after carrageenan injection to 4 hours. GC/MS analysis showed that isolated EC is a monoterpene-rich oil with the major presence of α-pinene (71.92%), myrcene (6.37%), δ-3-carene (4.68%), β-pinene (3.71%), and limonene (3.34%). Conclusions: EC showed potent anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities with the relative involvement of opioid and benzodiazepine receptors.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.344-349
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• 2015

A new information society of late has arrived by the rapid development of various information & communications technologies. Accordingly, mobile devices which are light and thin, easy and convenient to carry on the market. Also, the requirements for the larger television sets such as fast response speed, low-cost electric power, wider visual angle display are sufficiently satisfied. The currently most widely studied display material, the Organic Light-emitting Diodes(OLEDs) overwhelms the Liquid Crystal Display(LCD), the main occupier of the market. This new material features a response speed of more than a thousand times faster, no need of backlight, a low driving voltage, and no limit of view angle. And the OLEDs has high luminance efficiency and excellent durability and environment resistance, quite different from the inorganic LED light source. The OLEDs with simple device structure and easy produce can be manufactured in various shapes such as a point light source, a linear light source, a surface light source. This will surely dominate the market for the next generation lighting and display device. The new display utilizes not the glass substrate but the plastic one, resulting in the thin and flexible substrate that can be curved and flattened out as needed. In this paper, OLEDs device was produced by changing thickness of Teflon-AF of hole injection material layer. And as for the electrical properties, the four layer device of ITO/TPD/$Alq_3$/BCP/LiF/Al and the five layer device of ITO/Teflon AF/TPD/$Alq_3$/BCP/Lif/Al were studied experimentally.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2012

Since air pollution problem by emissions from automotive vehicles has become social issues, lean-burn gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is focused as an alternative to meet the requirement of reinforced emission regulation and improved fuel consumption. Spray-guided type DI combustion is promising technology, which characterized by the centrally mounted injector and closely positioned spark plug, since stable lean combustion can be realized even at ultra-lean mixture condition. In the present study, the effect of multi-ignition with developed charge coil on combustion and emission characteristics was investigated in optical accessible single cylinder engine. In order to fully understand the in-cylinder phenomena and the mechanisms of emission production, optical diagnostics, such as flame visualization was also carried out at frequently using operating condition. Multi-ignition is effective to improve fuel economy but increase NOx emission at flammability limit.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.727-734
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• 2012

A new advanced safety feature of DVI+ (Direct Vessel Injection Plus) for the APR+ (Advanced Power Reactor Plus), to mitigate the ECC (Emergency Core Cooling) bypass fraction and to prevent switching an ECC outlet to a break flow inlet during a DVI line break, is presented for an advanced DVI system. In the current DVI system, the ECC water injected into the downcomer is easily shifted to the broken cold leg by a high steam cross flow which comes from the intact cold legs during the late reflood phase of a LBLOCA (Large Break Loss Of Coolant Accident)For the new DVI+ system, an ECBD (Emergency Core Barrel Duct) is installed on the outside of a core barrel cylinder. The ECBD has a gap (From the core barrel wall to the ECBD inner wall to the radial direction) of 3/25~7/25 of the downcomer annulus gap. The DVI nozzle and the ECBD are only connected by the ECC water jet, which is called a hydrodynamic water bridge, during the ECC injection period. Otherwise these two components are disconnected from each other without any pipes inside the downcomer. The ECBD is an ECC downward isolation flow sub-channel which protects the ECC water from the high speed steam crossflow in the downcomer annulus during a LOCA event. The injected ECC water flows downward into the lower downcomer through the ECBD without a strong entrainment to a steam cross flow. The outer downcomer annulus of the ECBD is the major steam flow zone coming from the intact cold leg during a LBLOCA. During a DVI line break, the separated DVI nozzle and ECBD have the effect of preventing the level of the cooling water from being lowered in the downcomer due to an inlet-outlet reverse phenomenon at the lowest position of the outlet of the ECBD.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2008

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Clematidis Radix (CR)-distillates were investigated in three different pain animal models. Highly purified distillate of CR was injected to Zusanli (ST36) acupoint, called CR herb-acupuncture in the Korean traditional medicine. In tail flick latency test, the CR herb-acupuncture treatment did not show a significant effect of relieving acute phasic pain. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CR herb-acupuncture, inflammatory pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin to the plantar tissue or intra-articular injection of carrageenan to the tibio-tarsal joint in the rats. And the medicinal effect of CR herb-acupuncture was evaluated by analyzing pain behavior such as licking or biting behavior, or by measuring weight distribution ratio between two foot and ankle circumference. In the rat formalin test, the analgesic effect of CR herb-acupuncture was more pronounced in the late phase (for 20 min after the early phase) than in the early phase (for the first 10 min post formalin injection). It also significantly alleviated the carrageenan-induced monoarthritis, in terms of weight distribution ratio and ankle edema. These results revealed that CR herb-acupuncture was effective to treat the inflammatory pain and could be used as an analgesic treatment with an antiinflammatory effect.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 Inconel 713C 스크랩을 원료로 아르곤-산소 탈탄 공정을 이용하여 니켈계 초내열합금을 재활용 하였다. 아르곤-산소 탈탄 공정에서 아르곤은 1,000 sccm으로 지속적으로 주입되었고 산소는 100, 250, 500 sccm의 유량으로 10, 20, 30 분씩 주입되었다. 산소 주입 초기 단계에서는 산소 양이 증가하면서 Al, Cr, 및 Mo 함량은 증가하였고 탄소 함량은 감소하였다. 그리고 Al 함유량은 탄소의 반응이 끝난 후 Al, Cr 등의 원소와 산화가 일어났기 때문에 첨가원소와 탄소의 반응에 의해 감소하였다. 결과적으로, Al 함유량이 감소하였기 때문에 ${\gamma}^{\prime}$상이 줄어들었으며 이는 Al이 ${\gamma}^{\prime}$을 형성하는 주요 원소이기 때문이다. 또한, 탄소의 양이 줄어들면서 탄화물도 줄어들었으며 산소가 과잉 공급된 시료의 기계적인 물성(강도, 경도 등)은 감소하게 된다.