• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2014

I-core sandwich panel that has been used more widely is assembled using high power $CO_2$ laser welding. Kim et al. (2013) proposed a circular cone type heat source model for the T-joint laser welding between face plate and core. It can cover the negative defocus which is commonly adopted in T-joint laser welding to provide deeper penetration. In part I, a volumetric heat source model is proposed and it is verified thorough a comparison of melting zone on the cross section with experiment results. The proposed model can be used for heat transfer analysis and thermal elasto-plastic analysis to predict welding deformation that occurs during laser welding. In terms of computational time, since the thermal elasto-plastic analysis using 3D solid elements is quite time consuming, shell element model with multi-layers have been employed instead. However, the conventional layered approach is not appropriate for the application of heat load at T-Joint. This paper, Part II, suggests a new method to arrange different number of layers for face plate and core in order to impose heat load only to the face plate.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2231-2235
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• 2008

Thermal performance of fusing system in laser printer is determined by FPOT(First print out time) required and toner fusing quality. FPOT is influenced by the thermal resistance of fusing system between heat source and nip region. Also FPOT is depended by the heat source power and toner fusing temperature. The fusing quality of toner is decided by the temperature, pressure and duration time in nip region. In this study, I have performed thermal analysis for the toner fusing system. Computational simulation has been used to understand the effect of heat source power and printing speed etc. on the temperature distribution of the fusing system. Also in order to predict fusing quality, numerical simulation of the process that paper is continuously supplied to the nip regions were performed. In comparison with the experimental results of the fusing quality vs transferred calory to the toner layer, I could evaluate various fusing condition parameters effected on the thermal performance.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

A computer simulation was performed to study the effectiveness of temperature on the type of laser heat source in the context of the heterogeneous welding of aluminum and copper materials. Three different types of heat sources were used in the computer simulation: 1) Single Beam Straight Scan, 2) Single Beam Wobble Scan, and 3) Dual Beam Straight Scan. Among these sources, dual beam straight scan was found to be the most effective from the viewpoint of heat source control. Because the difference between the melting temperatures of copper and aluminum is approximately 400℃, a clear separation of heating temperature was required, and the dual beam straight scan provided superior controllability in this regard. When using the dual beam, the temperature of the 90:10 split was considerably easier to control than that of the 50:50 split. The optimal offset was calculated to be 4 mm off to the copper side, where the melting temperature and thermal conductivity were higher. In this manner, computer simulation was effectively used for determining the optimal laser beam hear source control without performing an actual laser welding experiment.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.348-363
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• 2013

The use of I-Core sandwich panel has increased in cruise ship deck structure since it can provide similar bending strength with conventional stiffened plate while keeping lighter weight and lower web height. However, due to its thin plate thickness, i.e. about 4~6 mm at most, it is assembled by high power $CO_2$ laser welding to minimize the welding deformation. This research proposes a volumetric heat source model for T-joint of the I-Core sandwich panel and a method to use shell element model for a thermal elasto-plastic analysis to predict welding deformation. This paper, Part I, focuses on the heat source model. A circular cone type heat source model is newly suggested in heat transfer analysis to realize similar melting zone with that observed in experiment. An additional suggestion is made to consider negative defocus, which is commonly applied in T-joint laser welding since it can provide deeper penetration than zero defocus. The proposed heat source is also verified through 3D thermal elasto-plastic analysis to compare welding deformation with experimental results. A parametric study for different welding speeds, defocus values, and welding powers is performed to investigate the effect on the melting zone and welding deformation. In Part II, focuses on the proposed method to employ shell element model to predict welding deformation in thermal elasto-plastic analysis instead of solid element model.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2019

Recently, with the development of the aerospace and automotive industries, the demand for high-melting-point materials has increased. However, high-melting-point materials are difficult to cut through conventional machining methods. Thermally assisted machining (TAM) is a method for improving the machinability by preheating the materials. A laser, the most commonly used device for TAM, has high efficiency through local preheating but is not sufficient for maintaining a high preheating temperature due to rapid cooling. However, the use of multi-heat sources can supplement the disadvantage of a single heat source. The high preheating temperature can be maintained with a wide and deep heat-affected zone (HAZ) by multi-heat sources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the preheating effects of multi-heat sources using laser plasma. Thermal analysis and preheating experiments were carried out. As a result, the high preheating effect of multi-heat sources compared with a single heat source was verified.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

A bonding process between tape-carrier package and a glass panel with anisotropic conductive film (ACF) has been investigated by making use of high power diode laser as a heat source for cure. The results from modeling of process and from optical properties of layers showed that heat absorbed from polyimide film surface and ACF layer is dominant source of curing during laser illumination. Laser ACF bonding has better bonding quality than conventional bonding in view of peel strength, flatness, pressure unbalance and processing time. New ACF bonding processes by making use of high power diode laser are proposed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1076-1082
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• 2012

오늘날 LNG선의 용접에는 아크와 플라즈마가 사용되고 있으나 아크용접은 에너지 밀도가 낮아 후판에 대해서 다층용접이 불가피하며, 고밀도 열원인 레이저 용접에 비하여 용접속도에도 한계가 있다. 따라서 후판 용접시 다층용접에 의한 용접부의 조직적 결함이나 과대 입열로 형성된 열영향부 등의 문제를 해소하기 위하여 키홀용접에 의한 원패스 용접이 고려되고 있다. 키홀용접이 가능한 열원은 레이저, 전자빔, 플라즈마가 있으며, 현재 플라즈마 용접이 아크를 대체하여 LNG선 카고탱크의 멤브레인 용접에 적용되고 있다. 최근에는 멤브레인의 용접에 레이저를 적용하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 LNG선용 스테인리스강에 대한 파이버 레이저 및 플라즈마 아크 용접의 용접성, 기계적 성질 및 미세조직을 비교하였다. 그 결과 레이저 용접이 더 빠른 용접속도에서 좁은 용접부와 열영향부를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 LNG선의 용접에서는 파이버 레이저가 보다 우수한 용접법이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2014

Dual laser heat sources were used for polymer based material joining. An infrared camera and thermocouple DAQ system were used to correlate the temperature distribution to computer simulation. A 50 degree tilted pre-heating laser source was acting as a heating source to promote the temperature to minimize thermal shock by the following a welding heat source. Based on the experimental result, the skin depth was empirically estimated for computer simulation. The offsets of 3mm, 5mm and 10mm split by weld and preheat were effectively used to control the temperature distribution for the optimal laser joining process. The closer offset resulted in an excessive melting or burning caused by sudden temperature rising. The laser power was split by 50%, 75% and 100% of the weld power, and the best results were found at 50% of preheating. To accurately simulate the physical laser beam absorption and joining optical properties were experimentally measured for the computer FEM simulation. The simulation results showed close correlation between theoretical and experimental results. The developed dual laser process is expected to increase productivity and minimize the cost for the final products.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.306-314
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• 2008

General metal welding occurs distortion. Also, reducing distortion is required much cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study is optimization of welding conditions to reduce distortion in welding of monolithic rack housing for modular steering gear. Firstly, heat source for welding was chosen arc and laser. Secondly, it investigated optimizing welding conditions in bead welding by arc and laser heat source, and welding conditions in fillet welding was optimized with welding shapes. Finally, it was measured temperature distribution of welds by infrared camera and angle distortion in fillet welding. As a result, laser welding was superior to arc welding on distortion.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

In recent years, laser-arc hybrid welding has begun to be adopted for assembly welding of automotive bodies and parts, because the hybrid welding process can weld lapped steel sheets having a larger gap than is possible with laser welding. In this paper, to predict the twist deformation by the hybrid welding when brackets are welded in B pillar of a passenger car, the residual stress using CAE is analyzed and the deformation result of CAE is compared with the measured deformation. First of all, after modeling heat source as intended to be expressed with laser-arc hybrid welding method, heat source fitting is done with welding conditions and a section of welding part obtained through specimen test. In case of heat source functions, laser used conical source and arc used double ellipsoid source. Through the local model analysis, elements which are located in the center of the model are selected. The elements are called WME(Welding Macro Element). This WME is extruded in the welding lines and welding phenomenon of complex parts is accomplished. The deformation amount after hybrid welding is got through a simulation, the validity of simulation is verified by measuring the panel and comparing with the simulation result.