• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2003

The need for insect and mite resistant turfgrass cultivars arose because of problems associated with pesticide use. Representative cultivars and genotypes of 18 warm-season turfgrass [Zoysia japonica Steud., Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybrids, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifotia hybrids, Z. matrella (L.) Merr., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., C. dactylon${\times}$C. transvallensis hybrids, Paspalum notatum Flugge., P. vaginatum Swartz., Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) and Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] and 20 cool-season turfgrasses [Poa pratensis L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L., F. rubra var. commutata Gaud., F. ovina var. duriuscula L. Koch. Agrostis tenuis Sibth., A. palustris Huds., and Latium perenne L.] were evaluated for host resistance to feeding by the Spodoptera depravata (Butler) in the laboratory. Two experiments were set up in the laboratory using 8.5cm diameter${\times}$4.0cm deep plastic petri dishes as larvae feeding chambers. In experiment 1, one neonate larvae were place on the grass in each dish and the dishes were arranged with 5 replicates each within an environmental chamber maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ and 15h light: 9h dark Larval survival and larval weights at 7d and 14d, pupal weights, and days to pupation were compared among turfgrasses. In Experiment 2, 4cm sections of all grasses were oriented equidistant from each other in a pattern resembling the spokes of a wheel. Five one neonate larvae were introduced to the center of each dish. Dishes were immediately placed in an environmental chamber held at $25^{\circ}C$, 15h light: 9h dark Larvae were allowed to feed for 24h. Damage was rated from 0(no damage) to 9(completely consumed) were made for eachturfgrass. Resistance as antibiosis (high mortality, slowed growth, and least preference) was identified in Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifolia hybirids ‘Emerald’, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybirds ‘Miyako’ and Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.). Cool-season turfgrasses tested were susceptible to feeding by Spodoptera depravata (Butler).

• 환경생물
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2021

흰점박이꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis) 유충의 대체사료인 한약재 부산물 발효원인 유용미생물(Effective microorganism, EM)과 느타리버섯 종균(Oyster mushroom fungi, OM)을 비교하였다. 각 발효된 사료의 영양성분을 비교한 결과, 조회분을 제외한 조단백, 조지방, 조섬유 함량이 OM 발효사료에서 높게 나타났다. 각 발효된 사료로 사육된 흰점박이꽃무지 유충의 영양성분을 비교한 결과 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 각 발효사료별 흰점박이꽃무지 유충의 생체중을 주별 비교 분석한 결과, 3주차 관찰시기부터 EM과 OM을 이용한 사료에서 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 평균중량이 유의하게 높았다. 유충 사육 시 생존율은 발효사료의 경우 동일하게 96.7%이나, 비발효사료의 경우 9.8%로 매우 낮았다. 본 실험결과, 흰점박이꽃무지의 생육에 먹이 원의 발효는 꼭 필요했으며, OM은 EM을 대체할 수 있는 흰점박이꽃무지 대체사료의 발효원으로 더 안정적이었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2023

As agricultural production increases due to population growth, agricultural by-products that are generated at all production stages increase commensurately. Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) treatment has potential as an environmentally friendly process to combat the environmental pollution caused by agricultural by-products. This study examined the utilization of BSF larvae in the decomposition of the by-products of apples and mandarins, fruits commonly produced in South Korea. The BSF test larvae were fed apple pomace or mandarin waste, and the control larvae were fed calf feed. Larval weight and size were measured at 4-day intervals until larvae reached the pre-pupal stage. Larval development time, survival rate, and BSF fecundity rate were calculated for all three substrates. Waste reduction and bioconversion ratios were also calculated. The developmental time of larvae fed with apple pomace and mandarin waste was greater than that of the control larvae. The average weight of larvae fed with the fruit by-products was less than that of the control. There was no significant difference in the survival rate of BSF larvae or the fecundity rate of BSF between the substrates used in this study. BSF larvae decomposed 48.0% and 61.5% of apple pomace and mandarin waste, respectively. The bioconversion efficiency rates of BSF larvae fed with apple pomace and mandarin waste were 9.1% and 12.1%, respectively. These results indicated that decomposition of single fruit by-products by BSF larvae is an environmentally friendly and effective bioconversion process.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2011

Although culture techniques for the abalone Haliotis discus hannai are well known, mass culture of the benthic microalgae that are essential live food for the abalone larvae is still not practiced. This study was conducted to identify the microalgal species suitable for the growth of early larvae of H. discus hannai. The growth and attachment rates of 31 microalgal species were examined. Acrylic plates were used as the substrate. Among the 31 microalgal species, nine showing high growth and attachment rates were selected and tested for their dietary values via factors including settlement, metamorphosis, and survival rates of abalone larvae. Tetraselmis hazeni and Rhaphoneis sp. induced the highest settlement rate (65-69%) in abalone larvae. The metamorphosis rate was highest (57%) in larvae fed Rhaphoneis sp. and was also significantly higher in larvae fed Oscillatoria splendida (29%) and T. hazeni (22%) than in those fed other species. The highest survival rate of the larvae during the 15 days after metamorphosis was 67% in those fed Rhaphoneis sp., followed by T. hazeni (42%) and O. splendida (35%). In conclusion, Rhaphoneis sp. is the most suitable diatom for use as a live food for the culture of early larvae of H. discus hannai. In addition, T. hazeni and O. splendida are also potential species to be further developed and utilized in larval culture.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 1999

in the present study, the zinc toxicity to larval development and seed attachment of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai was obtained under continuous flow through system. The zinc concentration melted from zinc coating pipe for 7 months ranged from $89.00\pm2.55 \mu\textrm{g}/\ell to 15.23\pm2.58\mu\textrm{g}/\ell(Y=0.85M^2-19.71+109.96)$. Treatments were carried out with zinc concentration $0~160 \mu\textrm{g}/\ell$. The maximum and minimum of fertilization rate were $87.7\pm5.3%$ in control, $83.7\pm7.6%$ in zinc concentration $160\mu\textrm{g}/\ell$, respectively. The maximum and minimum of hatching rate were $87.5\pm4.5%$ in zinc concentration $10\mu\textrm{g}/\ell$, $79.3\pm5.6%$ in zinc concentration $160\mu\textrm{g}/\ell$, respectively. Both of the results were not significantly different (P>0.05). But the normality rate, setting rate and survival rate of abalone larvae at over zinc concentration TEX>$20\mu\textrm{g}/\ell$ decreased rapidly and showed significantly different from those of the other group(P<0.05).

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1998

Survival, growth and reproduction of the cigarette beetle, Lasiodema sewicome F., were studied on flue-cured (NC82), air-cured (Br.21), aromatic (Izmir) tobacco and artificial diet (wheat feed 95% + yeast 5%). Cigarette beetle adults occurred from first generation in the flue-cured and aromatic tobacco, but no adults emerged in air-cured tobacco after the 2nd generations. The head capsule widths of larvae of the cigarette beetles L sewicome F.1 reared on different diets at 2$0^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$ were measured. The head capsule development was slower at 2$0^{\circ}C$ on the same diets than $25^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$, and slower in the flue-cured and aromatic tobacco than the artificial diet at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 2S$^{\circ}C$, At $25^{\circ}C$ the larval head capsule developed more rapidly in the aromatic tobacco than the flue-cured tobacco. However, no larval head development was noticed in the air-cured tobacco. The correlation between population densities of cigarette beetle,1 sewicome F., and sugar content of tobacco leaves was positive, but negative in nicotine contents. The regression between densities and sugar content was Y : 22.79 X + 57.29 (r=0.891**), and between nicotine content was Y : -141.31X + 321.40(r=-0.917**).

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2005

Cannibalism plays important roles at the levels of both individual and population. To enhance overall rate of successful survival and reproduction, salamander larvae may have evolved to consume both conspecifics and heterospecifics. Consuming conspecifics could result in decreased inclusive fitness possibly by killing relatives. In several salamander species, discrimination of salamander larval siblings from non-siblings and heterospecifics to avoid such a risk has been reported. To determine whether the Korean salamander larvae consume non-siblings more often than siblings and to analyze prey preferences of the salamander larvae in several different experimental conditions, a series of foraging experiments was conducted in the laboratory. We found that 1) large cannibal larvae preyed on small sibling more often than small non-sibling in a mixed group of sibling and non-sibling, 2) cannibal larvae prefered to consume live, weak, and small larvae to dead, healthy, and large larvae, and 3) cannibal larvae consumed heterospecific tadpoles more often than conspecific nonsibling larvae in a mixed group. In addition, the larval density was positively correlated with the occurrence of spacing behavior, one of the agonistic predator behaviors among salamander larvae.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2011

본 연구는 감귤에 발생하는 해충인 네눈쑥가지나방의 실내 사육용 인공사료를 개발하고자 수행하였다. 인공사료의 주 재료로 옥수수와 메주콩을 조합한 사료에서만 정상적으로 발육하였으며, 옥수수와 메주콩의 전체 함량이 높은 사료에서 유충 생존성이 높았다. 효모와 콜레스테롤을 인공사료에 첨가하였을 때, 유충 발육기간은 짧아지고, 생존율은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 발육기간, 누적 생존율, 산란량에 차이는 인공사료와 감귤 잎을 먹은 개체들 간에 없었다. 최종적으로 네눈쑥가지나방 사육에 최적인 인공사료 조성은 물 1 L당 한천 25 g, 옥수수 100 g, 메주콩 100 g, 효모 30 g, 콜레스테롤 0.5 g, 비타민혼합물(Vanderzant vitamin mix.) 2 g, 염혼합물(Wesson's salt mix.) 2 g, 소르브산 2 g, 메틸파라벤(methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate) 2.5 g, 아스코르브산 2 g이었다. 사육법으로 유충은 플라스틱 원형용기(${\varphi}90{\times}40$ mm) 안에서, 갓 부화 유충부터 4령까지는 40마리씩 집단으로, 5령과 6령은 개체별 사육하였다. 성충들에는 10% 설탕물을 먹이로 하여 플라스틱 상자 안($25{\times}25{\times}25$ cm)에서 암컷 3마리와 수컷 5~6마리가 교미하도록 했고, 난괴는 거즈(눈 크기 1 mm)를 붙인 기름종이에 받았다. 기타 인공사료로 사육한 네눈쑥가지나방의 발육단계별 형태적 특징에 대하여 기술하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2014

본 연구는 갈색거저리(Tenebrio molitor)의 사료로 주로 이용되는 밀기울을 대체할 사료원료 개발을 목표로 수행되었다. 대체원료로서 열풍건조시킨 귤껍질, 배추, 새송이버섯 및 팽이버섯 폐배지를 사용하였으며, 투여 후 유충의 생존율, 유충 무게, 유충의 발육기간, 용화율, 용무게를 측정하였다. 귤껍질과 배추를 첨가한 배지는 대체 먹이로 적합하지 않았다. 새송이버섯 폐배지의 모든 실험군에서 유충의 생존율은 대조군과 비슷하였으나 유충의 무게는 대조군에 비해 다소 낮게 나타났고, 유충 발육기간은 폐배지의 함량이 높아질수록 길어짐이 관찰되었다. 팽이버섯 폐배지 20~50% 첨가 조건에서 대조군과 비슷한 유충 및 용무게가 측정되었으며, 계대사육시 밀기울 사료에 40~50% 팽이버섯 폐배지를 첨가하는 것이 용화율을 고려했을 때 가장 효과적일 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로, 팽이버섯 폐배지를 40%~50% 첨가한 조건에서 기존의 밀기울 사육법과 비슷한 높은 효율성을 나타내기 때문에 팽이버섯 폐배지는 갈색거저리 유충의 대체사료로서 적합하다고 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2004

범게의 zoea 및 megalopa기 유생에 있어 수온의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수온변화에 따른 이들의 생존, 성장 및 탈피주기를 조사하였다. Zoea 및 megalopa기 유생에서 실온과 $20^\circ{C}$에서 82.5%와 80%로 높은 생존율을 나타내었다. 성장률은 수온이 높을수록 양호한 경향을 나타내어 $30^\circ{C}$에서 zoea 및 megalopa기 유생의 성장률은 각각 185.0% 및 41.6%를 나타내어 $15^\circ{C}$구간의 101.6% 및 23.7%에 비해 유의한 성장 증가를 나타내었다. 탈피주기는 온도에 반비례하여 수온이 높을수록 빨라지는 경향을 나타내어, $30^\circ{C}$ 설정 실험구에서 zoea 및 megalopa기 유생에서 각각 16.4일 및 9.2일을 나타내어 $15^\circ{C}$의 24.4일 및 15.2일과 비교하여 유의적 차이를 나타내었다.