• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to find out what impacts large retailers' behaviors appearing when they promote the strengthening of their market dominating power in the trade relations with small and medium suppliers or in the market can have on consumers. Research design, data, methodology - This study analyzed negative information (news) on large retailers (Lotte Mart, E-Mart and Homeplus) based on the monthly data over the past five years from 2008 to 2012 and also analyzed the correlation between dependent variables that are likely to affect sales through large retailer economic index, Results - This study conducted a correlation analysis on the time lag of the factors that have an impact on the negative information and sales of large retailers in order to analyze how consumers respond to the choice of large retailers' store (store sales) when they perceived negative information about the un- ethical behaviors of large retailers. Conclusions - Unfair and negative information on large retailers appeared significant for the hypothesis that sales will be affected by the image of large retailers and change of consumer attitudes.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

Purpose - The Korean government has revised the distribution industry development law to regulate large-scale retailer operations to protecting medium- and small-scale retailers and traditional markets. According to the revised law, large-scale retailers must follow regulations on operating hours and compulsory store closures two days per month. Based on the revised distribution industry development law, most local governments regulate operation hours and they have adopted compulsory closure programs for large-scale retail stores. However, it is argued that fresh food producers suffer from a decrease in sales based on the compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers. Large-scale retailers reduce their fresh food orders from agricultural and fishery producers because of the compulsory store closures. Fresh food producers also suffer from a decrease in prices because reduced orders lead to a decrease in auction prices based on the availability of excess goods in wholesale markets. This paper investigates the effects of operation regulations for large-scale retailers on agricultural producers by surveying agricultural and fishery producer organizations. Research design, data, methodology - A survey was conducted on 117 producer organizations of fruits and vegetables, cereals, fisheries, and livestock products from September 10 to October 4, 2012. Survey items are annual sales, shares of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers, reduction of orders and prices from large-scale retailers, methods to deal with the sales reduction, unfair trade practices of large-scale retailers, opinion of the large-scale retailer regulations, and so on. The average sales of the sampled producer organizations are 13.7 billion won and the average share of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers is 35.4%. Results - Survey results show that the sample producer organizations' sales decreased 10.1% because of the compulsory closures of stores operated by large-scale retailers. It is estimated that the total sales of producer organizations decreased 371.2 billion won because of the regulations on the operation of large-scale retailers. In addition to the direct effect of a sales decrease due to order reduction, agricultural and fishery producer organizations suffered from the secondary effect of price reduction in wholesale markets. When orders from large-scale retailers decreased, most agricultural and fishery producer organizations shipped redundant products to wholesale markets, decreasing auction prices. It was estimated that the price received decreased 21.9% when sold in other marketing channels. As producer organization sales decreased, it was reported that the labor force employed by producer organizations also decreased by 15.1%. Therefore, we can conclude that the regulations for large-scale retailer operations resulted in negative impacts on agricultural producers. Conclusions - Although the sales reduction due to the regulations for large-scale retailer operations are not great, the cumulative effects due to the continued compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers could be great. This paper suggests governmental programs that could help agricultural producer organizations to find new and effective marketing channels such as direct marketing, farmers' markets, exports, Internet shopping, and so on.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2003

The entry of large discount stores into small cities such as Choonchun or Wonju have had a profound impacts on the businesses of small-sized retailers. The impacts of the entry by large discount store will be much larger than those of the entry by department store or other small-scale retailers. Most of research studies on the competitive retail structure focused on the change of retailing in the advanced countries dynamically and investigated macro-trends in sales and market share. As a result, they tend to overlook the micro aspects of consumers" perception and actual behaviors. Furthermore, they tend to limit their research scopes to relatively competitive retailers not to overall competitive structures. In this study, we analyze the overall competitive structures by investigating the retailers" characteristics, perceptions of consumers on retailers and actual purchase of products across different types of retailers We could obtain competitive retail structure. Based on that, we discuss the strategies on the revitalization and enhancement of small-sized retailers" productivities.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper is aimed to analyze the effects of the mandatory closing regulation targeting large retailers, which has been implemented since 2012 to protect small retailers. We examine the changes in consumers' choice of retailers and their purchasing patterns of agri-food following the implementation of such regulation. Research design, data, and methodology - Household spending patterns were identified through the historical data of household food purchase, consumer panel provided by the Rural Development Administration. Clustering was employed to determine the household spending patterns. Moreover, the different household spending patterns before and after the regulation were comparatively studied. The patterns of consumers' choice of retail stores and shopping baskets by the type of retailers, derived from the respective datasets before and after the regulation, were compared to analyze the effects of the regulation. Results -After the regulation, some consumers who used to shop at large retailers before the regulation changed their shopping places to small retailers. However, the product categories that consumers had mainly purchased before the regulation were rarely changed even after the regulation. Conclusions - Although the regulation helped migrate some of the consumers to small retailers, the regulation seemed to have failed to stimulate consumers to purchase the goods, normally bought at large retailers, from traditional markets. In other words, traditional markets are not effective substitutes for regulation-affected retailers.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.95-128
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• 2001

LG-mart, E-mart 같은 대형할인점의 중소도시에의 진입은 백화점 또는 소형규모의 할인점 같은 다른 유통형태의 진입때 보다 중소소매상점, 재래시장등에 커다란 영향을 미치고 있다. 특히 자금력, 판매력, 구매력, 수요기반 등이 훨씬 열악한 중소도시의 상인들에게는 생존의 문제이다. 이들이 지역경제에 미치는 영향을 고려하여 법적인, 행정적인 규제와 보호만 하는 것은 근본적인 문제를 해결하는 방법이 아닐 수 도 있다. 소비자들은 그들의 욕구를, 충족시키기 위해 구매하지, 중소소매상점, 재래시장 등의 어려움 때문에 구매하지 않기 때문이다. 고객의 욕구와 필요를 만족시키지 못하는 소매업태는 장기적으로 생존할 수 가 없다. 대형할인점의 진입에 따른 재래시장에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위해서는 전체적인 유통구조에서, 소비자의 입장에서 제품과 구매장소와의 연관성, 경쟁관계 등을 조사함으로써 유통시장의 현주소를 파악하고, 장기적인 측면에서 재래상가의 활성화방안을 논의하는 것이 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 최종소비자 입장에서 유통구조의 현황을 분석해보고, 이에 관련된 정책의 정당성을 소비자 입장에서 분석해본다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2014

Purpose - Based on the existing retail policy literature, this study aims to compare Korea with foreign countries, to propose better ideas for the Korean retail market. Research design, data, and methodology - It is necessary to analyze the existing retail regulations after categorizing them into several groups, depending on why governments have regulated retailers and the background for the retail policy. Results - Given that Korean retail regulations have focused on protecting conventional markets, comparing the retail policy objectives of South Korea and foreign countries is difficult. Conclusions - It is necessary examine how to protect independent stores, irrespective of store locations across the country. Rather than limiting the distance between traditional markets and the projected locations suggested by large retailers, various factors such as store size limit, opening and closing times, below-cost selling, land use planning, and competition tests are needed to protect small stores. Further, centralized authority for store operations should be delegated to local governments, to tackle the aggressive expansion of retail giants. To protect independent stores, political background is among the most important factors.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.107-132
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• 2000

E-mart, LG-mart같은 대형할인점의 중소토시에의 진입은 중소상인, 재래상가등에 커다란 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 현상을 되돌리는 것은 거의 불가능하다. 고객의 욕구와 필요를 만족시키지 못하는 소매업태는 생존할 수 가 없다. 그러므로 이렇게 급변하는 환경에서 소비자입장에서 소매유통경쟁구조를 이해하는 것은 아주 중요하다. 유통경쟁에 관한 과거의 연구들은 전략적 소매믹스변수들을 중심으로 다른 형태의 소매점들을 비교, 분석하는 데 중점을 두었으나, 소비자입장을 고려하지 않았다. 또한 우리는 쇼핑에 대한 의미를 완전히 이해하고 있지 않다. 쇼핑은 실용적 쇼핑뿐만 아니라, 향락적 쇼핑을 포함하는 광의적 개념으로 해석되어야 한다. 소비자들은 소매점 선택시 실용적 측면도 중요하게 여기고, 향락적 측면도 선호한다. 중소상인, 재래상가가 현대적인 대규모 소매업자들과 경쟁할 수 없는 주요 이유이다. 쇼핑장소와 관련하여 거시적 소매업 유통경쟁구조를 이해하기 위하여 세가지 다른 방법들을 이용한다. 요인분석, 다차원 척도법, MCA등이 소매유통경쟁에 관한 소비자들의 지각도를 작성하기 위해 이용된다. 소비자들의 수요가 점차 고금 지향적으로 옮아오고 있기 때문에, 백화점과 대형할인점들은 주요 경쟁자이지만, 소비자들이 선호하는 형태들로서 주요한 유통형태가 되고 있다. 그러므로 중소상인들, 재래상가는 급격한 변화없이는 생존하기 힘들다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.686-693
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• 2011

중소유통업에 종사하는 대부분의 사람들은 가정의 생계수단으로 오랜 세월동안 동네 상권에 자리잡고 외부의 큰 영향 없이 자생적 사업을 수행해 왔다. 그러나 제품에 대한 소비자 욕구의 다양화, 삶의 질 향상 등에 따른 사업 환경의 변화는 유통시장에도 많은 변화를 가져오게 되었다. 대기업 지분의 대형할인 마트가 우후죽순처럼 생겨나면서 전통재래시장 및 골목슈퍼 등은 생존의 위기에 직면하게 되었다. 이에 정부에서는 전통시장 및 골목상권 살리기에 많은 예산지원을 하고 있으나 최근 골목상권에 대기업의 SSM(직영점, 가맹점 형태)이 생기면서 대기업과 중소상인 간 갈등과 지역적 마찰이 지속되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대형 SSM의 사업조정을 위한 정책 대안 차원에서 영세중소유통업체의 경쟁요인 분석을 시도하였다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2017

대형 유통점의 급속한 성장과 중소유통사업자의 장기적 침제가 지속되는 가운데 대기업형 슈퍼마켓인 SSM이 증가함에 따라 대기업과 중소유통사업자간의 갈등이 깊어지고 있다. 이에 정부는 양자 간의 갈등을 해결하기 위해 SSM 사업조정제도를 시행하고 있으며 이로 인해 중소유통사업자들의 매출 증대 효과를 가져오게 되었다. 그러나 SSM 사업조정제도의 성과는 의도하지 않은 결과를 함께 나타나고 있다. 대기업의 변종 SSM 진출과 소비자의 불편을 야기해 사회적 손실이 발생하고 있는 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 SSM과 중소유통사업자간의 갈등 현상 이면의 작동구조를 시스템사고로 분석하여 주요 요인들 간 인과관계를 도식화 한 후 그 구조에 따른 정책대안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1233-1243
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• 2008

This study examined return policies of the Korean retailers and their differences by retail format. Return policies of 363 retailers including dept stores, discount stores, brand consignment stores, small shops, outlet stores, TV home shopping companies, and internet shopping malls were collected. Acceptance of refund or/and exchange, return grace period, and return requirements or restrictions of each retailer were analyzed. The results showed that most retail formats except small shops and internet shopping malls allowed refund. The seven day return grace period was most common though large retail chains allowed more generous time frames and small shops allowed shorter dates. Restrictions for return varied by retailers and retail formats. Generally retailers followed the guidelines of consumer protection laws. The study discussed implications of return policy analysis.