• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.168-176
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• 2012

A total of 48 dust samples were collected from large shopping mall parking lots in Daegu metropolitan city in March 2011. Samples were sieved through a 100 ${\mu}m$ mesh and the concentration of 14 elements have been determined using by ICP after acid extraction. Results showed that Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and V were affected by natural sources while Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were affected by anthropogenic sources. The measured values were remarkably higher in components from natural sources than in components from anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic trace element concentrations of ground roof dust were higher than those of ground and underground indoor dust. A large percentage of trace elements came from natural sources rather than anthropogenic sources. The percentage composition of chemicals of ground roof dust were higher than those of ground and underground indoor dust. This study showed that investigated parking lots were rarely contaminated with hazardous heavy metals. The heavy metal pollution of ground roof were higher than those of ground and underground indoors. The correlation analysis among trace elements suggest that components in ground roof were more highly correlated than those in ground and underground indoor. Also anthropogenic trace element levels were well correlated with parking lot age and parking density.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.327-336
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• 2013

Approximately 70% of the Korean peninsula is composed of mountains, around 99,274 $km^2$. Even worse, population rate of Korea is the No.3 in the world now. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop the potential underground space actively with the concept of another territory to be utilized. The development of underground space should be considered not a choice but an indispensable issue. Since 1970s, many large-scale underground structures have been constructed like as crude-oil storage bins, liquefied petroleum gas storage caverns, and underground pumped storage powerplants. Also, In urban area, the underground facilities such as subway networks, underground shopping mall, underground pedestrian network, electric power tunnels, and car parking lots have been used extensively. The scale of Yeosu oil and gas underground storage facility and Seoul subway systems are one of the massive scale in the world. Recently, the trend of the development of underground space becomes more diverse and larger scale. The current status of Korean underground space developments and strategy are described in this paper.