• Title/Summary/Keyword: Large Eddy simulation

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Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Channel Flow using a Viscous Numerical Wave Tank Simulation Technique (점성 수치파랑수조 구축을 위한 LES 기술의 평판간 난류유동에의 적용)

  • Park, Jong-Chun;Kang, Dae-Hwan;Kim, Bang-Eun;Yoon, Hyeon-Sik;Chun, Ho-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.204-212
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    • 2003
  • As the first step to investigate the nonlinear interactions between turbulence and marine structures inside a viscous NWT, a LES technique was applied to the turbulent channel flow for $Re_{T}=150$, in this paper. The employed models were 4 types, such as the Smagorinsky model, the Dynamic SGS model, the Structure Function model and the Generalized Normal Stress model. The simulated data in time-series for the LESs were averaged in both time and space and performed statistical analysis. And results of the LESs were compared with those of a DNS developed in the present study and two spectral methods by Yoon et al.(2003) & Kim et al.(1987). It seems to be quite difficult to evaluate their performances to the present problem, but is seen that the accuracy of LESs are still related to the number of grids(or fine grid size).

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Analysis of Characteristics for Bank Scour around Low Dam for Difference of Elevation using 3D Numerical Simulation (상하류 수위차에 따른 3차원 수치모의를 이용한 보 접속부 세굴특성 분석)

  • Jeong, Seok-Il;Yeo, Chang-Geon;Yoon, Kwang-Suk;Lee, Seung-Oh
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.37-37
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    • 2011
  • 태풍 루사나 매미에 의한 피해사례를 보면 하천 횡단 구조물 본체가 파괴되는 피해 뿐 만 아니라, 구조물과 제방과의 연결부가 세굴되어 붕괴되는 사례가 많이 발생하였다. 하천설계기준(2009)에는 이러한 보와 제방의 연결부 부분을 연결호안이라 하여 관련 기준을 제시하고 있으나, 설치구간의 길이를 정할 때 하천의 규모나 하도의 특성을 고려하지 못하고 일률적으로 결정하도록 하고 있다. 이에 건설기술연구원에서는 상류 Froude 수와 보 높이를 변수로 하는 연결호안 설치 길이에 대한 실험식(2006)을 제시하였다. 하지만 보 접속부 세굴에 영향을 주는 인자는 상류의 Froude 수와 보의 높이 뿐만 아니라, 상 하류 수위차, 보의 형상, 제방의 재료적 특성 등 많은 요인들이 존재한다. 이 중 본 연구에서는 상 하류 수위차와 보 접속부 세굴 범위의 관계를 파악하고자 한다. 보 접속부 세굴에 대한 수치모의에 앞서 Gill(1972)와 Dongol(1990)이 수행하였던 교대세굴 자료를 바탕으로 Flow-3D의 세굴에의 적합성 및 적용성을 검토하였다(그림 2참고). 검토 결과 수치모의의 입력 변수를 조정함으로써 실험값과 가깝게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 이렇게 조정된 변수를 이용하여, 보 접속부 세굴에 대한 수치모의는 상 하류의 수위차에 대해 다양한 검토를 하기 위해 상류의 수위를 1.0m로 고정한 채하류부의 수위를 0.2~0.8m까지 0.1m간격으로 변화시켰으며, 유사의 대표 입경은 0.63mm로 주문진 표준사를 가정하였다. 모의 시간은 평형세굴심이 발생할 때까지 수행하였고, 난류모델로는 LES(Large Eddy Simulation)를 채택하였다. 모의 결과 상 하류 수위차가 증가할수록 보 하류부 세굴 길이($L_d$)가 증가 하였으며, 세굴의 폭($B_d$) 역시 증가하였다. 그림 3은 수치모의 결과로 세굴이 발생된 제방의 모습을 도시한 것이다.

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A method for removal of reflection artifact in computational fluid dynamic simulation of supersonic jet noise (초음속 제트소음의 전산유체 모사 시 반사파 아티팩트 제거 기법)

  • Park, Taeyoung;Joo, Hyun-Shik;Jang, Inman;Kang, Seung-Hoon;Ohm, Won-Suk;Shin, Sang-Joon;Park, Jeongwon
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.364-370
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    • 2020
  • Rocket noise generated from the exhaust plume produces the enormous acoustic loading, which adversely affects the integrity of the electronic components and payload (satellite) at liftoff. The prediction of rocket noise consists of two steps: the supersonic jet exhaust is simulated by a method of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and an acoustic transport method, such as the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral, is applied to predict the noise field. One of the difficulties in the CFD step is to remove the boundary reflection artifacts from the finite computation boundary. In general, artificial damping, known as a sponge layer, is added nearby the boundary to attenuate these reflected waves but this layer demands a large computational area and an optimization procedure of related parameters. In this paper, a cost-efficient way to separate the reflected waves based on the two microphone method is firstly introduced and applied to the computation result of a laboratory-scale supersonic jet noise without sponge layers.

Aerodynamic characteristics investigation of Megane multi-box bridge deck by CFD-LES simulations and experimental tests

  • Dragomirescu, Elena;Wang, Zhida;Hoftyzer, Michael S.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.161-184
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    • 2016
  • Long-span suspension bridges have evolved through the years and with them, the bridge girder decks improved as well, changing their shapes from standard box-deck girders to twin box and multi-box decks sections. The aerodynamic characteristics of the new generation of twin and multiple-decks are investigated nowadays, to provide the best design wind speeds and the optimum dimensions such bridges could achieve. The multi-box Megane bridge deck is one of the new generation bridge decks, consisting of two side decks for traffic lanes and two middle decks for railways, linked between them with connecting beams. Three-dimensional CFD simulations were performed by employing the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) algorithm with a standard Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model, for $Re=9.3{\times}10^7$ and angles of attack ${\alpha}=-4^{\circ}$, $-2^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $2^{\circ}$ and $4^{\circ}$. Also, a wind tunnel experiment was performed for a scaled model, 1:80 of the Megane bridge deck section, for $Re=5.1{\times}10^5$ and the aerodynamic static coefficients were found to be in good agreement with the results obtained from the CFD-LES model. However the aerodynamic coefficients determined individually, from the CFD-LES model, for each of the traffic and railway decks of the Megane bridge, varied significantly, especially for the downstream traffic deck. Also the pressure distribution and the effect of the spacing between the connecting beams, on the wind speed profiles showed a slight increase in turbulence above the downstream traffic and railway decks.

Numerical simulation of sand dunes using three-dimensional numerical model (3차원 수치모형을 이용한 사구발달 수치모의)

  • Kim, Hyung Suk;Park, Moon Hyung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.281-281
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    • 2017
  • 하천에서 하도불안정(stream instability)으로 인하여 하상의 형태가 변화하고 하상파(sand wave)가 발생한다. 사련(ripple), 사구(dune) 등과 같은 하상파는 흐름저항을 유발하여 홍수시 수위를 증가시킨다. 수리실험 및 수치모형을 이용하여 사련 및 사구의 발달과정 그리고 이를 지나는 난류흐름에 대한 연구가 국외에서는 이루어지고 있지만 국내의 경우 거의 찾아보기 힘들다. 수치모형을 활용한 연구는 주로 횡방향으로 하상파가 일정하다는 가정하에 연직 2차원 수치모형을 적용하였으나 최근 컴퓨터 기술 및 수치기법의 고도화로 3차원 RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) 또는 LES(Large eddy simulation)를 이용한 수치모형이 개발되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 LES에 유사이송 및 하상변동 모형과 결합하여 사구발달에 대한 수치모의를 수행하였다. LES와 유사이송 및 하상변동 모형의 결합은 순간유속성분을 하상변동모형에 직접 적용되기 때문에 난류영향을 고려할 수 있는 것이 장점이다. 특히 사구의 발달에 따라 복잡한 흐름이 발생하며 3차원 와구조가 발생하므로 난류특성의 고려는 필수적이다. 수치모의는 Delft Hydraulics (Bakker et al., 1986)에서 수행한 수리실험 T39를 활용하였다. 수리실험은 길이 100 m, 폭 0.5 m 개수로에서 수행되었으며 평균유속은 0.611 m/s, 수심은 0.436 m이다. 하상파 실험에 사용된 유사입경은 0.78 mm 균일사를 사용하였다. 수치모의 조건은 수리실험과 동일하게 하였으나 계산시간의 효율을 고려하여 흐름방향의 계산영역은 4.0 m로 하고 주기경계조건(periodic boundary condition)을 부여하여 계산을 수행하였다. 수치모의 계산은 사구의 길이 및 파고가 평형상태에 이를 때까지 수행되었다. 수치모의 통해 사구발달에 따른 흐름 및 하상변동 특성을 분석하였다.

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The Analysis of Two-phase Flow in a Lean Direct Injection Gas-turbine Combustor (희박연료 직접분사(Lean Direct Injection) 가스터빈 연소기의 이상유동 분석)

  • Lee, Kyobin;Kim, Jong-Chan;Sung, Hong-Gye
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.204-211
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    • 2019
  • The analysis on two-phase flow in a Lean Direct Injection(LDI) combustor has been investigated. Linearized Instability Sheet Atomization(LISA) and Aerodynamically Progressed Taylor Analogy Breakup(APTAB) breakup models are applied to simulate the droplet breakup process in hollow-cone spray. Breakup model is validated by comparing penetration length and Sauter Mean Diameter(SMD) of the experiment and simulation. In the LDI combustor, Precessing Vortex Core(PVC) is developed by swirling flow and most droplets are atomized along the PVC. It has been confirmed that all droplets have Stokes number less than 1.0.

Study on the transient flow induced by the windbreak transition regions in a railway subject to crosswinds

  • Zheng-Wei, Chen;Syeda Anam, Hashmi;Tang-Hong, Liu;Wen-Hui, Li;Zhuang, Sun;Dong-Run, Liu;Hassan, Hemida;Hong-Kang, Liu
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.309-322
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    • 2022
  • Due to the complex terrain around high-speed railways, the windbreaks were established along different landforms, resulting in irregular windbreak transition regions between different subgrade infrastructures (flat ground, cutting, embankment, etc). In this paper, the effect of a windbreak transition on the wind flow around railways subjected to crosswinds was studied. Wind tunnel testing was conducted to study the wind speed change around a windbreak transition on flat ground with a uniform wind speed inflow, and the collected data were used to validate a numerical simulation based on a detached eddy simulation method. The validated numerical method was then used to investigate the effect of the windbreak transition from the flat ground to cutting (the "cutting" is a railway subgrade type formed by digging down from the original ground) for three different wind incidence angles of 90°, 75°, and 105°. The deterioration mechanism of the flow fields and the reasons behind the occurrence of the peak wind velocities were explained in detail. The results showed that for the windbreak transition on flat ground, the impact was small. For the transition from the flat ground to the cutting, the influence was relatively large. The significant increase in the wind speeds was due to the right-angle structure of the windbreak transition, which resulted in sudden changes of the wind velocity as well as the direction. In addition, the height mismatch in the transition region worsened the protective effect of a typical windbreak.

LES study of flow field and aerodynamic forces on a circular cylinder at Re=3900 with focus on grid resolution

  • Hongmiao Jing;Jitao Zhang;Qingkuan Liu;Yangxue Wang
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.175-200
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    • 2023
  • The large eddy simulation (LES) of the flow around a circular cylinder is not only affected by the sub-grid scale (SGS) model but also by the grid resolution of the computational domain. To study the influence of different grids on the LES results, the LES simulations of the flow around a circular cylinder with different grids at Reynolds number (Re) = 3900 was performed. A circular computational domain with different radial growth rates and circumferential and spanwise grid numbers was adopted for the simulations. Meanwhile, the aerodynamic forces, wind pressure coefficients, mean and instantaneous flow fields, and the effect of grid resolution on them were comprehensively analyzed. The results indicate that the lift coefficient, wind pressure coefficient, and recirculation length are significantly affected by the radial growth rate of the grid and the circumferential grid number. The spanwise grid number has a significant influence on the three-dimensionality of the flow and plays an important role in velocity fluctuations in the wake region. Nevertheless, the aerodynamic coefficients and recirculation length are not sufficiently sensitive to the grid number in the spanwise direction. By comparing the results, it can be concluded that suitable and reliable LES results can be obtained when the radial growth rate is 1.03 or 1.05, the circumferential grid number is 160, 200, or 240, and the spanwise grid number is 64. A radial growth rate 1.05, circumferential grid number 160, and spanwise grid number 64 are recommended to reduce the grid amount and further improve the efficiency.

Comparative study of analytical models of single-cell tornado vortices based on simulation data with different swirl ratios

  • Han Zhang;Hao Wang;Zhenqing Liu;Zidong Xu;Boo Cheong Khoo;Changqing Du
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.161-174
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    • 2023
  • The analytical model of tornado vortices plays an essential role in tornado wind description and tornado-resistant design of civil structures. However, there is still a lack of guidance for the selection and application of tornado analytical models since they are different from each other. For single-cell tornado vortices, this study conducts a comparative study on the velocity characteristics of the analytical models based on numerically simulated tornado-like vortices (TLV). The single-cell stage TLV is first generated by Large-eddy simulations (LES). The spatial distribution of the three-dimensional mean velocity of the typical analytical tornado models is then investigated by comparison to the TLV with different swirl ratios. Finally, key parameters are given as functions of swirl ratio for the direct application of analytical tornado models to generate full-scale tornado wind field. Results show that the height of the maximum radial mean velocity is more appropriate to be defined as the boundary layer thickness of the TLV than the height of the maximum tangential mean velocity. The TLV velocity within the boundary layer can be well estimated by the analytical model. Simple fitted results show that the full-scale maximum radial and tangential mean velocity increase linearly with the swirl ratio, while the radius and height corresponding to the position of these two velocities decrease non-linearly with the swirl ratio.

Considerations of Environmental Factors Affecting the Detection of Underwater Acoustic Signals in the Continental Regions of the East Coast Sea of Korea

  • Na, Young-Nam;Kim, Young-Gyu;Kim, Young-Sun;Park, Joung-Soo;Kim, Eui-Hyung;Chae, Jin-Hyuk
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.20 no.2E
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    • pp.30-45
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    • 2001
  • This study considers the environmental factors affecting propagation loss and sonar performance in the continental regions of the East Coast Sea of Korea. Water mass distributions appear to change dramatically in a few weeks. Simple calculation with the case when the NKCW (North Korean Cold Water) develops shows that the difference in propagation loss may reach in the worst up to 10dB over range 5km. Another factor, an eddy, has typical dimensions of 100-200km in diameter and 150-200m in thickness. Employing a typical eddy and assuming frequency to be 100Hz, its effects on propagation loss appear to make lower the normal formation of convergence zones with which sonars are possible to detect long-range targets. The change of convergence zones may result in 10dB difference in received signals in a given depth. Thermal fronts also appear to be critical restrictions to operating sonars in shallow waters. Assuming frequency to be 200Hz, thermal fronts can make 10dB difference in propagation loss between with and without them over range 20km. An observation made in one site in the East Coast Sea of Korea reveals that internal waves may appear in near-inertial period and their spectra may exist in periods 2-17min. A simulation employing simple internal wave packets gives that they break convergence zones on the bottom, causing the performance degradation of FOM as much as 4dB in frequency 1kHz. An acoustic experiment, using fixed source and receiver at the same site, shows that the received signals fluctuate tremendously with time reaching up to 6.5dB in frequencies 1kHz or less. Ambient noises give negative effects directly on sonar performance. Measurements at some sites in the East Coast Sea of Korea suggest that the noise levels greatly fluctuate with time, for example noon and early morning, mainly due to ship traffics. The average difference in a day may reach 10dB in frequency 200Hz. Another experiment using an array of hydrophones gives that the spectrum levels of ambient noises are highly directional, their difference being as large as 10dB with vertical or horizontal angles. This fact strongly implies that we should obtain in-situ information of noise levels to estimate reasonable sonar performance. As one of non-stationary noise sources, an eel may give serious problems to sonar operation on or under the sea bottoms. Observed eel noises in a pier of water depth 14m appear to have duration time of about 0.4 seconds and frequency ranges of 0.2-2.8kHz. The 'song'of an eel increases ambient noise levels to average 2.16dB in the frequencies concerned, being large enough to degrade detection performance of the sonars on or below sediments. An experiment using hydrophones in water and sediment gives that sensitivity drops of 3-4dB are expected for the hydrophones laid in sediment at frequencies of 0.5-1.5kHz. The SNR difference between in water and in sediment, however, shows large fluctuations rather than stable patterns with the source-receiver ranges.

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