• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.2 s.50
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• pp.325-333
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• 1995

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced into Korea in 1990 and has been rapidly replacing open cholecystectomy when the indications were met. In this study a medical utilization and technology was assessed on the selected hospitalized patients with cholelithiasis who underwent open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy from April 1, 1991 to March 31, 1994. The results are as follows. Despite the low reimbursement rate by the health insurance, the number of laparoscopic cases have been steadily increased. The post-operative days before health insurance coverage were significantly shortened from 8.4 days to 4.6 days. The preoperative days before health insurance coverage were significantly shorted from 8.4 days to 4.0 days. The total length-of-stays in the hospital were also significantly shortened from 15.2 days to 10.7 and 9.8 days in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed low expenses in all aspects expect the average hospital charges per day. For the hospital to have cost containment, it is more effective if length-of-stay is shorter because of high daily inpatient hospital charge. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy also showed shortened anesthesia time and operation time compared with open cholecystectomy that were statistically significant. The mean anesthesia and operation time for open cholecystectomy were 113.2 and 90.2 minutes but those of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were 105.7 and 68.6 minutes. According to this study the laparoscopic cholecystectomy has reduced the medical expenditure and we recommend this procedure over open cholecystectomy. The further discussion on the different morbidity rate between two types of procedure is essential in providing quality medical care, and to educate specialist.

• Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.139-140
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• 2018

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2006

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been increasingly used because of several advantages, less pain, better expectation for cosmesis (requires small incisions), and more rapid recovery compared with open cholecystectomy. Oral intake is tolerated on the day of operation or on the next. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children. Nine cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute and chronic cholecystitis in children were performed at Asan Medical Center between April 2002 and April 2004. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed on a total of 10 patients, but one of them was excluded because of the simultaneous splenectomy for sickle cell anemia. Clinical presentation, operative findings, operation time, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Mean age was 10.4 (4.15) years, and only 3 of patients were less than 10 years. One patient was female. In 8 the diagnosis was calculous cholecystitis. Mild adhesions were found in 3 cases and intraoperative bile leakage in 2. There was no conversion to open surgery and there were no vascular, bowel, or bile duct injuries. Mean operation time was 82.2 (20.160) minutes; mean length of hospital stay was 2.1 (1.3) day. There was no postoperative complication. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children was remarkably free of side effects and complications and had a short recovery time. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis is considered to be a standard procedure in children.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.303-311
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• 2012

Laparoscopic surgery is a surgical procedure which uses long laparoscopic instruments through tiny holes in abdomen while watching images from a laparoscopic camera through umbilicus. Laparoscopic surgeries have many advantages rather than open surgeries, however it is hard to learn the surgical skills for laparoscopic surgery. Recently, some virtual simulation systems for laparoscopic surgery are developed to train novice surgeons or resident surgeons. In this study, we introduce the techniques that we developed for laparoscopic surgical training simulator for cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), which is one of the most frequently performed by laparoscopic surgery. The techniques for cholecystectomy simulation include modeling of human organs (liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, etc.), real-time deformable body calculation, realistic 3D visualization of surgical scene, high-fidelity haptic rendering and haptic device technology, and so on. We propose each simulation technique for the laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures such as identifying cystic duct and cystic artery to clamp and cut, dissecting connective tissues between the gallbladder and liver. In this paper, we describe the techniques and discuss about the results of the proposed cholecystectomy simulation for laparoscopic surgical training.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2023

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a higher incidence of biliary/vasculobiliary injuries than open cholecystectomy. Anatomical misperception is the most common underlying mechanism of such injuries. Although a number of strategies have been described to prevent these injuries, critical view of safety method of structural identification seems to be the most effective preventive measure. The critical view of safety can be achieved in the majority of cases during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It is highly recommended by various guidelines. However, its poor understanding and low adoption rates among practicing surgeons have been global problems. Educational intervention and increasing awareness about the critical view of safety can increase its penetration in routine surgical practice. In this article, a technique of achieving critical view of safety during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is described with the aim to enhance its understanding among general surgery trainees and practicing general surgeons.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2002

Purpose: In this study, the critical pathway for laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients was developed and applied for clinical study. The effectiveness of the critical pathway was analyzed. Method: The subjects with no critical pathway services of this study were 30 laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation patients, who were hospitalized in B General Hospital in Busan from Nov. 28. 2000 to May 2. 2001. The subjects with critical pathway services of this study were 30 laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation patients, who were hospitalized in B General Hospital in Busan from June. 11. 2001 to Oct. 31. 2001. Results: 1. Development for critical pathway Preliminary critical pathway for the laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients was developed though analysis of the reference and 34 case of medical record. The items on the y-axis were assessment, test, treatment, diet, fluid, consult, medication, activity and education and the items on the x-axis were till 3days after operation. The developed critical pathway was applied in clinical field. 2.　Effectiveness of application on developed critical pathwayPost operational complication was not found in neither the critical pathway using Group nor Non-using Group. Hospitalization period mean was 4.63 days for the using Group and 5.93 days for the Non-using Group(P=.001). The mean cost for medical examination and treatment for the using Group was 786,270 won, 117,454 won(12.9%) less than that of the Non-using Group, 903,724 won(P=.000). The degree of satisfaction for the using group was 3.7 points, for the Non-using Group, 3.15 points. The degree of satisfaction for the used Group was 0.55 points higher than that for the Non-using Group and there was a statistically significant difference(P=.000). Concousion: From results of this study, Using the critical pathway in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy operational patients was effective in decreasing the hospitalization period and cost, and increasing the satisfaction about the medical service.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.366-371
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• 2023

Backgrounds/Aims: Biliary surgery in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction with portal cavernoma (PC) is technically challenging, and associated with the risk of bleeding. Therefore, prior portal vein decompression is usually recommended before definitive biliary surgery. Only a few studies have so far reported the safety of isolated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We aimed to evaluate our experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with PC without prior portal decompression. Methods: Prospectively maintained data for patients with PC who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone disease without portal decompression were analyzed. Clinical features, imaging, intraoperative factors, conversion rate, complications of surgery, and long-term outcomes were assessed. Results: Sixteen patients underwent cholecystectomy without portal decompression from 2012 to 2021, of which interventions 14 were laparoscopic cholecystectomies. One patient required conversion (7.1%) to open surgery. Jaundice was present in 5 patients (35.7%), and underwent endoscopic stone clearance before surgery. Median intraoperative blood loss, operative time, and hospital stay were 100 mL (20-400 mL), 105 min (60-220 min), and 2 days (1-7 days), respectively. Blood transfusion was required in two patients (14.2%). Prior endoscopic or percutaneous intervention was associated with significant blood loss and prolonged intraoperative time. Conclusions: In centers with experience, prior portal decompression can be avoided in patients with PC requiring isolated cholecystectomy to treat gallstones or their complications. Laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible for these patients, and gives excellent outcomes in the selected group.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: Open cholecystectomy is becoming obsolete and laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the treatment of choice in gallstone diseases. Difficult gallbladders are encountered whenever there is a frozen calot's triangle, obliterated cystic plate, or both. Rather than converting to open procedure, there has been a growing preference for laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) during difficult gallbladders. This study aimed to assess the advantages, indications, and viability of LSC in difficult gallbladders. Methods: The study included patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, from January 2021 to January 2023. Data of the patients who underwent LSC for difficult gallbladders included demographics, comorbidities, operative time, conversion to open cholecystectomy, length of hospital stay, and complications. LSC was classified into three types depending on the part of the gallbladder remnant. Results: A total of 728 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Among them, 41 patients (5.6%) were attempted for LSC. However, one patient was converted to an open procedure and the rest 40 underwent LSC. LSC was divided into 3 types, 4 patients underwent LSC type I, 34 patients underwent type II, and 2 patients type III. The average operating time and postoperative length of hospital stay were 86.2 minutes and 2.1 days, respectively. Two patients had surgical site infection. No patient had a bile leak and none required intensive care unit care. Conclusions: LSC is a safe and feasible option for use in difficult gallbladders.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 2016

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, though an uncommon surgical procedure in paediatric age group is still associated with a higher risk of post-operative bile duct injuries when compared with the open procedure. Small leaks from extra hepatic biliary apparatus usually lead to the formation of a localized sub-hepatic bile collection, also known as biloma. Such leaks are rare complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, especially in paediatric age group. Minor bile leaks can usually be managed non-surgically by percutaneous drainage combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). However, surgical exploration is required in cases not responding to non-operative management. If not managed on time, such injuries can lead to severe hepatic damage. We describe a case of an eight-year-old girl who presented with biloma formation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy who was managed by ERCP.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2023

Backgrounds/Aims: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy within one week of acute cholecystitis is considered safe and advantageous. Surgery beyond first week is reserved for non-resolving attack or complications. To compare clinical outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the first week and between two to six weeks of an attack of acute cholecystitis. Methods: In an analysis of a prospectively maintained database, all patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis were divided into two groups: group A, operated within one week; and group B, operated between two to six weeks of an attack. Main variables studied were mean operative time, conversion to open cholecystectomy, morbidity profile, and duration of hospital stay. Results: A total of 116 patients (74 in group A and 42 in group B) were included. Mean interval between onset of symptoms & surgery was five days (range, 1-7 days) in group A and 12 days (range, 8-20 days) in group B. Operative time and incidence of subtotal cholecystectomy were higher in group B (statistically not significant). Mean postoperative stay was 2 days in group A and 3 days in group B. Laparoscopy was converted to open cholecystectomy in two patients in each group. There was no incidence of biliary injury. One patient in group B died during the postoperative period due to continued sepsis and multiorgan failure. Conclusions: In tertiary care setting, with adequate surgical expertise, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed in patients with acute cholecystitis irrespective of the time of presentation.