• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.341-353
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• 2006

Learning disorders are diagnosed when the individual's achievement on standardized tests in reading, mathematics, or written expression is substantially below that expected for age, schooling, and level of intelligence. Subtypes of learning disorders may be classified into two groups, language-based type learning disorders including reading and writing disorder, and nonverbal type learning disorder (NLD) such as those relating to mathematics & visuospatial skills, and those in the autism spectrum. Converging evidence indicates that reading disorder represents a disorder within the language system and more specifically within a particular subcomponent of that system, phonological processing. Recent advances in neuroimaging technology, particularly the development of fMRI, provide evidences of a neurobiological basis for reading disorder, specifically a disruption of two left hemisphere posterior brain systems, one parieto-temporal, the other occipito-temporal. The former is the reading system for beginner reading, the latter for skilled reading. Compensatory engagement of anterior systems around the inferior frontal gyrus(Broca's area) and a posterior(right occipito-temporal) system is noted in persistent poor readers in long-term follow up study. The theoretical model proposed to explain NLD's source is not right hemisphere damage, but rather the white matter model. The working hypothesis of the white matter model is that the underdevelopment of, damage to, or dysfunction of cerebral white matter(long myelinated fibers) is the source of this disorder. The role of an evidence-based effective intervention in the remediation of children with learning disorder is discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.922-934
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• 2008

Developmental language disorder is the most common developmental disability in childhood, occurring in 5-8% of preschool children. Children learn language in early childhood, and later they use language to learn. Children with language disorders are at increased risk for difficulties with reading and written language when they enter school. These problems often persist through adolescence or adulthood. Early intervention may prevent the more serious consequences of later academic problems, including learning disabilities. A child's performance in specific speech and language areas, such as phonological ability, vocabulary comprehension, and grammatical usage, is measured objectively using the most recently standardized, norm-referenced tests for a particular age group. Observation and qualitative analysis of a child's performance supplement objective test results are essential for making a diagnosis and devising a treatment plan. Emphasis on the team approach system in the evaluation of children with speech and language impairments has been increasing. Evidence-based therapeutic interventions with short-term, long-term, and functional outcome goals should be applied, because there are many examples of controversial practices that have not been validated in large, controlled trials. Following treatment intervention, periodic follow-up monitoring by a doctor is also important. In addition, a systematized national health policy for children with speech and language disorders should be provided.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.63-71
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• 2003

This study aims to experiment on learning French intonation, based on the visualization of melody, which was employed in the early sixties to reeducate those with communication disorders. The visualization of melody in this paper, however, was used to the foreign language learning and produced successful results in many ways, especially in learning foreign intonation. In this paper, we used the PitchWorks to visualize some French intonation samples and experiment on learning intonation based on the bitmap picture projected on a screen. The students could see the melody curve while listening to the sentences. We could observe great achievement on the part of the students in learning intonations, as verified by the result of this experiment. The students were much more motivated in learning and showed greater improvement in recognizing intonation contour than just learning by hearing. But lack of animation in the bitmap file could make the experiment nothing but a boring pattern practices. It would be better if we can use a sound analyser, as like for instance a PitchWorks, which is designed to analyse the pitch, since the students can actually see their own fluctuating intonation visualized on the screen.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2017

The present study is a basic study for application of Augmented Reality (AR) to verb teaching for children with language developmental disorders and is intended to examine validity for the list of verbs at the beginning of development. To confirm the validity of the verbs list, the appropriateness of the verbs was evaluated by three professors with certification of KSLP (Korean Speech-Language Pathologist) working in the department of Speech-Language Pathology at the university. The motion validity test was conducted by showing motion implemented as AR to eight master's students in Speech-Language Pathology major, having them record verbs that came to their mind, and evaluating in the conformity. The second motion validity test was conducted by using 5-point Likert scales to 87 undergraduates in Speech-Language Pathology major and having them see the motions in AR and marked the degrees to which them see the motions conform to the relevant verbs on the scales. Using the SPSS 21.0 program, descriptive statics analyses of the results were conducted. Through this all process, thirty verbs were selected as having content validity. It could be seen that when AR based communication system are applied, things and backgrounds that complement the insufficient movements of motions and help motion recognition should be also provided. In future studies, the 3D images of the AR based communication system will be complemented and the content validity will be verified with typically developing children and the children with language developmental disorders.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2023

One of the objectives and aspirations of scientists and engineers ever since the development of computers has been to interact naturally with machines. Hence features of artificial intelligence (AI) like natural language processing and natural language generation were developed. The field of AI that is thought to be expanding the fastest is interactive conversational systems. Numerous businesses have created various Virtual Personal Assistants (VPAs) using these technologies, including Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, and Google Assistant, among others. Even though many chatbots have been introduced through the years to diagnose or treat psychological disorders, we are yet to have a user-friendly chatbot available. A smart generative cognitive behavioral therapy with spoken dialogue systems support was then developed using a model Persona Perception (P2) bot with Generative Pre-trained Transformer-2 (GPT-2). The model was then implemented using modern technologies in VPAs like voice recognition, Natural Language Understanding (NLU), and text-to-speech. This system is a magnificent device to help with voice-based systems because it can have therapeutic discussions with the users utilizing text and vocal interactive user experience.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2020.07a
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• pp.371-372
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• 2020

최근 인공지능의 발달로 인해 AI스피커에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 조음장애는 구강 안에서 말소리를 제대로 만들지 못해서 제대로 된 언어를 구사하지 못하는 장애를 말한다. 조음장애인들이 AI스피커를 사용하면 발음을 제대로 인식하지 못하기 때문에 사용의 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 경증 조음장애인들이 AI스피커를 이용할 수 있도록 머신러닝 기반 언어교정기의 개발내용에 관하여 기술한다. 이는 언어로 명령 줄 수 있는 여러 시스템에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.129-138
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• 2012

Reading fluency is an important variable in reading comprehension. However, a limited number of studies on reading fluency are available in Korea. The purpose of this study is to review the articles about reading fluency during last 10 years and to present a direction for future research. Forty research papers from the Journal of Learning Disabilities and Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools were selected from 2002 to 2012. These papers were analyzed in terms of their subjects and research methods. About 64% of the articles focused on typically developing children and children with dyslexia. About 67% of the research consisted of descriptive studies. Based on these results, suggestions were made for future research on reading fluency.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 2022

Insomnia is a chronic disease in modern society, with the number of new patients increasing by more than 20% in the last 5 years. Insomnia is a serious disease that requires diagnosis and treatment because the individual and social problems that occur when there is a lack of sleep are serious and the triggers of insomnia are complex. This study collected 5,699 data from 'insomnia', a community on 'Reddit', a social media that freely expresses opinions. Based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders ICSD-3 standard and the guidelines with the help of experts, the insomnia corpus was constructed by tagging them as insomnia tendency documents and non-insomnia tendency documents. Five deep learning language models (BERT, RoBERTa, ALBERT, ELECTRA, XLNet) were trained using the constructed insomnia corpus as training data. As a result of performance evaluation, RoBERTa showed the highest performance with an accuracy of 81.33%. In order to in-depth analysis of insomnia social data, topic modeling was performed using the newly emerged BERTopic method by supplementing the weaknesses of LDA, which is widely used in the past. As a result of the analysis, 8 subject groups ('Negative emotions', 'Advice and help and gratitude', 'Insomnia-related diseases', 'Sleeping pills', 'Exercise and eating habits', 'Physical characteristics', 'Activity characteristics', 'Environmental characteristics') could be confirmed. Users expressed negative emotions and sought help and advice from the Reddit insomnia community. In addition, they mentioned diseases related to insomnia, shared discourse on the use of sleeping pills, and expressed interest in exercise and eating habits. As insomnia-related characteristics, we found physical characteristics such as breathing, pregnancy, and heart, active characteristics such as zombies, hypnic jerk, and groggy, and environmental characteristics such as sunlight, blankets, temperature, and naps.