• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-149
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• 2003

As the world becomes a global village, national conferences become more frequent, and the language of choice to mediate the exchange of information is English. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to find several methods to prepare L2 students for English communication at conferences. Various studies about discourse markers can be found in this study. Discourse markers are indicators of fluency in spoken language, and indicators of improvement from features of spoken English to more typical forms of formal writing. In this study the presentation styles of native speakers and Asian non-native speakers are compared, and the difference between efficient and non-efficient speakers at conferences are discussed. As a study of conference English teaching and learning method, this research targets suggestion and application of discourse markers for L2 speakers. As a result, the fact that discourse markers are very important in effective writing and conference English is found and accordingly we can see that developing the ability to use discourse markers in writing and speaking are essential for L2 speakers.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

The perceptual assimilation of a nonnative phonological contrast can change with linguistic experience, resulting in naïve listeners and novice second language (L2) learners potentially assimilating the members of a nonnative contrast to different native (L1) categories. While it has been shown that this sort of change can affect the discrimination of the nonnative contrast, it has not been tested whether such a change could have consequences for the production of the contrast. In this study, L1 speakers of Mandarin Chinese who were (1) naïve to Korean, (2) novice L2 learners, or (3) advanced L2 learners participated in a Korean non-word repetition task using word-initial sibilants. The initial CVs of their repetitions were then played to L1 Korean listeners who categorized the initial consonant. The naïve talkers were more likely to repeat an initial /s^ha/ as an affricate, whereas the L2 learners repeated it as a fricative, in line with how these listeners have been shown to assimilate Korean sibilants to Mandarin categories. This result suggests that errors in the production of new words presented auditorily to nonnative listeners may be driven by how they perceptually assimilate the nonnative sounds, emphasizing the need to better understand what drives changes in perceptual assimilation that accompany increased linguistic experience.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.552-554
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• 2019

Deaf mutism (a hearing-impaired person and speech disorders) communicates using sign language. There are difficulties in communicating by voice. However, sign language can only be limited in communicating with people who know sign language because everyone doesn't use sign language when they communicate. In this paper, a finger language translation system is proposed and implemented as a means for the disabled and the non-disabled to communicate without difficulty. The proposed algorithm recognizes the finger language data by leap motion and self-learns the data using machine learning technology to increase recognition rate. We show performance improvement from the simulation results.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.185-208
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• 2017

This study is for investigating strategy of associating loanwords to original words of Korean language learners. Loanwords have often been thought as easily learnable because the knowledge of the original word is assumed to be helpful in discovering the meaning. But there is much phonological, morphological and semantic transforming in accepting original words in Korean, and therefore, it is not easy to connect Korean loanwords to the original words. In this study, the awareness of loanwords and competence of associating Korean loanwords to the original words of advanced Korean language learners from China are investigated. As a result, the awareness of loanwords is remarkably lower than the awareness of non-loanwords. And, the competence of association also was very low with 17.9% of successful association. This means the learners have difficulty in inferring the meaning of loanwords by connecting that to original words.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2011

Treating genomes just as languages raises the possibility of producing concise generalizations about information in biological sequences. Grammars used in this way would constitute a model of underlying biological processes or structures, and that grammars may, in fact, serve as an appropriate tool for theory formation. The increasing number of biological sequences that have been yielded further highlights a growing need for developing grammatical systems in bioinformatics. The intent of this review is therefore to list some bibliographic references regarding the recent progresses in the field of grammatical modeling of biological sequences. This review will also contain some sections to briefly introduce basic knowledge about formal language theory, such as the Chomsky hierarchy, for non-experts in computational linguistics, and to provide some helpful pointers to start a deeper investigation into this field.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.219-223
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• 2009

Objective : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is frequently used to localize language areas in a non-invasive manner. Various paradigms for presurgical localization of language areas have been developed, but a systematic quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of those paradigms has not been performed. In the present study, the authors analyzed different language paradigms to see which paradigm is most efficient in localizing frontal language areas. Methods : Five men and five women with no neurological deficits participated (mean age, 24 years) in this study. All volunteers were right-handed. Each subject performed 4 tasks, including fixation (Fix), sentence reading (SRI. pseudoword reading (PR), and word generation (WG). Fixation and pseudoword reading were used as contrasts. The functional area was defined as the area(s) with a t-value of more than 3.92 in fMRI with different tasks. To apply an anatomical constraint, we used a brain atlas mapping system, which is available in AFNI, to define the anatomical frontal language area. The numbers of voxels in overlapped area between anatomical and functional area were individually counted in the frontal expressive language area. Results : Of the various combinations, the word generation task was most effective in delineating the frontal expressive language area when fixation was used as a contrast (p<0.05). The sensitivity of this test for localizing Broca's area was 81 % and specificity was 70%. Conclusion : Word generation versus fixation could effectively and reliably delineate the frontal language area. A customized effective paradigm should be analyzed in order to evaluate various language functions.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.66-71
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• 2023

ChatGPT가 등장한 이후 다양한 거대 언어 모델(Large Language Model, LLM)이 등장하였고, 이러한 LLM을 목적에 맞게 파인튜닝하여 사용할 수 있게 되었다. 하지만 LLM을 새로 학습하는 것은 물론이고, 단순 튜닝만 하더라도 일반인은 시도하기 어려울 정도의 많은 컴퓨팅 자원이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 공개된 LLM을 별도의 학습 없이 사용하여 zero-shot 프롬프팅으로 이진 분류 태스크에 대한 성능을 확인하고자 했다. 학습이나 추가적인 튜닝 없이도 기존 선학습 언어 모델들에 준하는 이진 분류 성능을 확인할 수 있었고, 성능이 좋은 LLM의 경우 분류 실패율이 낮고 일관적인 성능을 보여 상당히 높은 활용성을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.777-779
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• 1999

A new distributed/parallel algorithm simulator, DASim(Distributed Algorithm Simulator), is proposed in this paper. The idea is to ease the task of design, analysis and implementation of distributed algorithms. A small high level language has been proposed for the purpose. Through this non-language specific high level language, the users are spared from the tedious details about how to program distributed or parallel algorithms. Further, visualization of these algorithms are pretty helpful to understand behaviors of these algorithms.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.645-655
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• 2002

In this Paper we consider non-deterministic finite Rabin-Scott's automata. We define special abstract objects, being pairs of values of states-marking functions. On the basis of these objects as the states of automaton, we define its edges; the obtained structure is considered also as a non-deterministic automaton. We prove, that any edge of any non-deterministic automaton defining the given regular language can be obtained by such techniques. Such structure can be used for solving various problems in the frames of finite automata theory.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2010

In the past, Korean English language learners focused on knowledge of grammatical structures. Thus Korean trained instructors, who focused on explaining the grammar structures, were seen as being preferable for teaching in EFL (English as a foreign language) classrooms. However, with the focus changed to speaking capability Koreans now desire 'fluent' English more than 'accuracy' seeing if possible (Mottos, 1997). Current study has been concerned about the issue of how non-native learners of English perceive the difference between native teachers (NTs) and non-native teachers (non-NTs) of English in the context of ELT classroom. The study explores the issues and problems the followed and how non-NTs can enhance teaching practice of speaking and listening lessons through multimedia application.