• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.663-666
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• 2005

Problem of compatibility, contents protection, contents circulation etc. was caused between contents offerer and consumers by indiscreet rights technical development about digital contents. Therefore, MPEG-21 framework proposed the REL(Right Expression Language) based on XML(eXtensible Markup Language) by rights expression language for rights management. We designed and implemented of the REL document editing system that rights creation and edit are available efficiently about contents easily without comprehension of MPEG-21 framework and client system that present consumption method of REL document.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.37
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• pp.267-286
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to improve the writing skills through activities to read and summarize the internet children newspaper article. The subjects of study are the college students of A2-B1 level in the French writing classes. The range of study was as follows: - As the previous activity of writing, activities of teaching and learning of vocabularies to comprehend the internet children newspaper article. - learn about the rules of summary - writing the summary The children's newspaper used in this study has the advantage that can increase the learning motivation of learners as having a topicality by itself and a level of easy language. The summary activities can be called a comprehensive activities of teaching and learning that combine the critical reading ability that can distinguish important information and secondary one with the creative writing ablility that can reconstruct one's own style from the selected content. In addition, the summary assists the understanding of a text and is a help to its memory. It is the strategy of reading comprehension and also is simultaneously the strategy of writing that can write with one's own vocabulary by newly structuring the text. The results of this study will provide a vitality for the education environment and field of study of French language that have been neglected the writing ability. Moreover it will be the motivation to propose a way of a balanced French language communication to our French language learners weighted on oral communication.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-208
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to design a Real-time video Korean curriculum. Curriculum using real-time video, which is a variant of distance learning, teaches Korean to students studying in distant places through real-time video communication program. This is expected to supplement the lack of interaction in existing video classes and enable online simultaneous interaction, while increasing learning opportunities for Korean language students living in distance places. To find out the needs of the subjects for the curriculum design, this study conducted a one-on-one interview with 9 female married immigrants who are enrolled in the Cyber University which is opening a curriculum later. According to the survey, the students answered that they have a high intention of attending classes if the lack of interaction in existing distance classes are supplemented. Therefore, we could confirm the demand of a curriculum consisting of an overall real-time video education and multilateral individual connection. Also, we found out that there is a demand in performance rather than comprehension and a high demand for detailed feedback from the teacher. The result shows that the curriculum needs to establish performance-oriented contents to progress to an advanced level Korean Language, and include a study plain comprising of real-time interaction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a smart device-based Language Rehabilitation Program (LRP) to improve communication ability for the patients with language disability. The content of the LRP includes a variety of semantic categories and grammatical elements and consists of 17 semantic categories, 29 tasks and 3780 items to improve comprehension/production ability at word level, semantic category level, sentence level and discourse level. We developed LRP as a Windows-base management program and an Android-base language rehabilitation application. LRP was developed into an application for smart devices, providing real-time delivery of training contents, measurement and database of training task results, and patient progress and monitoring. A follow-up study will be conducted on the verification of the language rehabilitation effect using LRP by patients with language disability.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2024

This research centers on the Taiwan Eye-Movement Corpus of Spanish (TECS), a specially created corpus comprising eye-tracking data from Chinese-speaking learners of Spanish as a third language in Taiwan. Its primary purpose is to explore the broad utility of TECS in understanding language learning processes, particularly the initial stages of language learning. Constructing this corpus involves gathering data on eye-tracking, reading comprehension, and language proficiency to develop a machine-learning model that predicts learner behaviors, and subsequently undergoes a predictability test for validation. The focus is on examining attention in input processing and their relationship to language learning outcomes. The TECS eye-tracking data consists of indicators derived from eye movement recordings while reading Spanish sentences with temporal references. These indicators are obtained from eye movement experiments focusing on tense verbal inflections and temporal adverbs. Chinese expresses tense using aspect markers, lexical references, and contextual cues, differing significantly from inflectional languages like Spanish. Chinese-speaking learners of Spanish face particular challenges in learning verbal morphology and tenses. The data from eye movement experiments were structured into feature vectors, with learner behaviors serving as class labels. After categorizing the collected data, we used two types of machine learning methods for classification and regression: Random Forests and the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (KNN). By leveraging these algorithms, we predicted learner behaviors and conducted performance evaluations to enhance our understanding of the nexus between learner behaviors and language learning process. Future research may further enrich TECS by gathering data from subsequent eye-movement experiments, specifically targeting various Spanish tenses and temporal lexical references during text reading. These endeavors promise to broaden and refine the corpus, advancing our understanding of language processing.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.41-44
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• 2017

기계이해 시스템은 주어진 문서를 이해하고 질의에 해당하는 정답을 출력하는 방법으로 심층 신경망을 활용한 주의집중 방법이 발달하면서 활발히 연구되기 시작했다. 본 논문에서는 어휘 정보를 통해 문서와 질의를 이해하는 어휘 이해 모델과 품사 등장 정보, 의존 구문 정보를 통해 문법적 이해를 하는 구문 이해 모델을 함께 사용하여 기계이해 질의응답을 하는 Dual Bi-Directional Attention Flow모델을 제안한다. 한국어로 구성된 18,863개 데이터에서 제안 모델은 어휘 이해 모델만 사용하는 Bi-Directional Attention Flow모델보다 높은 성능(Exact Match: 0.3529, F1-score: 0.6718)을 보였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.645-648
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• 2018

기계 독해는 기계가 주어진 본문을 이해하고 질문에 대한 정답을 본문 내에서 찾아내는 문제이다. 본 논문은 질문 유형을 추가하여 정답 선택에 도움을 주도록 설계하였다. 우리는 Person, Location, Date, Number, Why, How, What, Others와 같이 8개의 질문 유형을 나누고 이들이 본문의 중요 자질들과 Attention이 일어나도록 설계하였다. 제안 방법의 평가를 위해 SQuAD의 한국어 번역 데이터와 한국어 Wikipedia로 구축한 K-QuAD 데이터 셋으로 실험을 진행하였다. 제안한 모델의 실험 결과 부분 일치를 인정하여, EM 84.650%, F1 86.208%로 K-QuAD 제안 논문 실험인 BiDAF 모델보다 더 나은 성능을 얻었다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.35-39
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• 2018

챗봇은 사람과 기계가 자연어로 된 대화를 주고받는 시스템이다. 최근 대화형 인공지능 비서 시스템이 상용화되면서 일반적인 대화와 질의응답을 함께 처리해야할 필요성이 늘어나고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기계독해 기반 질의응답과 Transformer 기반 자연어 생성 모델을 함께 사용하여 하나의 모델에서 일반적인 대화와 질의응답을 함께 하는 기계독해 기반 질의응답 챗봇을 제안한다. 제안 모델은 기계독해 모델에 일반대화를 판단하는 옵션을 추가하여 기계독해를 하면서 자체적으로 문장을 분류하고, 기계독해 결과를 통해 자연어로 된 문장을 생성한다. 실험 결과 일반적인 대화 문장과 질의를 높은 성능으로 구별하면서 기계독해의 성능은 유지하였고 자연어 생성에서도 분류에 맞는 응답을 생성하였다.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.165-190
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• 2011

This research investigates listening strategies and the relationship between the employment of strategy and listening proficiency of Korean EFL middle school students. One hundred and four middle school students (N = 104) participated in this study and their strategy use was assessed through a questionnaire adapted from Oxford's (1990) SILL and O'Malley and Chamot (1990). To measure listening proficiency, the English Listening Ability Test designed by 15 city and provincial offices of education in Korea was used. The results show that students employed a moderate use of strategies; compensation strategies were used most frequently and metacognitive strategies were used the least frequently. Significant differences were found in the use of implicit strategy among different listening proficiency groups, but not in their use of behavioral strategy. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the use of implicit memory, cognitive and compensation strategies among groups of students with different listening proficiencies, but not in their use of metacognitive strategy. The results from multiple regression analysis indicate that implicit strategy use could play an important role in listening comprehension. The findings suggest the need for additional research to explore the effect of listening strategy training for English language learners.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-40
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• 2004

This study Questioned what happens in L2 reading comprehension of the expository text, as measured by recall and inference-making abilities, when a L2 reader was induced to develop a content schema about the topic of a target text, but the structure of that schema departs from the structure of the target text Seventy-four. Korean university students read either the same version text twice (consistent condition) or two different version texts (inconsistent condition) with a three-day interval between the two readings. The results of a verification test indicate that, for those subjects with higher L2 reading proficiency, the inconsistent condition was more beneficial than the consistent condition for the inference-making task. On the other hand, for lower-level L2 readers, the consistent condition was more favorable for the recall task. It was concluded that inducing a structurally inconsistent schema through an L2 pre-reading would be beneficial only when the reader's L2 linguistic ability is proficient enough to produce necessary propositions from the pre-reading.