• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

PURPOSES : Climbing lanes on expressways managed by the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) have been hot potatoes due to conflicts between slow-moving vehicles such as trucks and other vehicles at the merging section as well as the less popularity with the slow-moving vehicles. In order to resolve such problems, KEC has altered existing climbing lanes to passing-type climbing lanes in 1999. The new type of climbing lanes showed an apparent improvement in mobility. For example, the speeds of vehicles using both climbing lane and other lanes improved a lot. However, there has been no clear evidence about improved safety. METHODS : This research effort was initiated to evaluate the safety of the new passing-type climbing lanes using the comparison-group(CG) method based on three-year-long traffic accident data sets before and after the change, respectively. RESULTS : The passing-type climbing lanes showed twice increased traffic accidents even though the traffic accidents on old type climbing lanes increased 1.1% during the same periods. In addition, in-depth study, the merging area of the passing-type climbing lanes was found out to be the weakest section where 43.8% traffic accidents out of total traffic accidents happened. It is noted that the merging area of the old type climbing showed only 25.0% traffic accidents. CONCLUSIONS : The new passing-type climbing lanes were found to be weak in terms of safety when compared with the old type climbing lanes. Especially, the merging area should be improved to reduce the risk of traffic conflicts between slow-moving vehicles and other vehicles.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2013

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to develop an effectiveness analysis method of exclusive median bus lanes, which is necessary in order to improve operation efficiency of exclusive median bus lanes. METHODS : The operation characteristics of "signalized intersection including exclusive median bus lanes" and "normal signalized intersection" were investigated and the existing capacity analysis method was also reviewed to analyze the effectiveness of exclusive median bus lanes. Delay reduction of passengers using exclusive median bus lanes which can be considered as the benefit of exclusive median bus lanes and the number of people in buses were included in the proposed effectiveness analysis method. RESULTS : It was found that the proposed method expresses properly the effectiveness of exclusive median bus lanes through performing sensitivity analysis and analyzing with the real data of the number of people in buses and passenger cars. It was also found that the proposed method demonstrates the effectiveness that measure of effectiveness of signalized intersections is changed to "sec/person". CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the method is a proper effectiveness analysis method because it can reflect the benefit of passengers in buses.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

The speed difference in mountainous area is known causing traffic conflicts and accidents. Thus, climbing lanes have popularly been installed in mountainous roads around the world. In the present paper, vehicle speeds within and around climbing lanes of Ho-nam and Jung-ang expressway were collected and evaluated. The evaluation was performed in terms of coefficient of variations which represent dispersion of vehicle speed in climbing lanes. Results show that speed dispersion is more significant at segments before and after climbing lanes than those within climbing lanes. The estimated accident risk was evaluated using The Solomon's u-shaped curve. It was identified that the accident risk is also a lot significant at the same segments as much as 2.2 times greater than those of climbing lanes.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.979-989
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• 2016

Traversable region detection is an essential step for advanced driver assistance systems and self-driving car systems, and it has been conducted by detecting lanes from input images. The performance can be unreliable, however, when the light condition is poor or there exist no lanes on the roads. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an algorithm which utilizes the information about the number of lanes and texture analysis. The proposed algorithm first specifies road region candidates by utilizing the number of lanes information. Among road region candidates, the road region is determined as the region in which texture is homogeneous and texture discontinuities occur around its boundaries. Traversable region is finally detected by dividing the estimated road region with the number of lanes information. This paper combines the proposed algorithm with a lane detection-based method to construct a system, and simulation results show that the system detects traversable region even on the road with poor light conditions or no lanes.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology to estimate level of service of arterial including Exclusive Median Bus Lanes. METHODS : On 6 Exclusive Median Bus Lanes routes in Seoul, bus travel time and number of bus-stop per km were investigated. Also whether or not passing lane exists at bus-stop was checked. Based on the data from sites, bus travel time was estimated according to length of segment, number of bus-stop per km and whether or not passing lane exists at bus-stop. RESULTS : A bus travel time table was developed according to length of segment, number of bus-stop per km and whether or not passing lane exists at bus-stop. After bus travel speed and passenger car travel speed is estimated based on each travel time table and length of segment, two speeds are combined with weighted average speed using traffic volume of each lane group. Then weighted average speed is a measure of effectiveness of arterial including Exclusive Median Bus Lanes. CONCLUSIONS : It can be concluded that the proposed methodology can estimate level of service of arterial including Exclusive Median Bus Lanes considering the operation characteristics of Exclusive Median Bus Lanes.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to establish the traffic volume-based warrants of right-turn lanes at unsignalized intersections and to introduce a risk probability methodology based on the warrants. METHODS : In this study, a risk probability of a potential rear-end collision is applied between a right-turn vehicle and the immediately following through vehicle. Using the shifted negative exponential model and the compound probability theorem, the risk probability can be expressed as the function of directional volumes and the percentage of right-turns for a two-lane and four-lane highway, respectively. RESULTS : Based on the risk probablity, guidelines for installing right-turn lanes on two-lane and four-lane highways were developed. The risk probability also showed rationality by comparing with right-turn same-direction conflicts observed in-situ. CONCLUSIONS : The results of our study define the total approaching volumes to encourage a right-turn lane as a function of operating speed, percentage of right-turn, and number of lanes.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2020

Customer satisfaction in retail stores are considerably affected by checkout services. Self-checkout counters have been installed in order to reduce waiting times at checkout in retail stores. However, it is uncertain whether the self-checkout lanes actually decrease the average waiting time of customers. Rather, there are some problems associated with self-checkout lanes such as theft or service failure due to technological problems. This study analyzes comparison between self-checkout and regular staffed-checkout lanes, based on the dataset collected from a retail store in Poland. As a result, we observe that the average transaction times were longer at the self-checkout lanes though fewer products were purchased than at the staffed-checkout lanes. In addition, the customers who buy more products tend to use self-checkouts less frequently. We also check that transaction times are proportional to the number of products customers purchase, and that both the time to scan one item and the fixed time related to checkout are significantly longer at the self-checkout counters. As there has been very few research on the effectiveness of self-checkouts, this study can be the first step to investigate managerial insights on checkout services in retail stores.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.7-25
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• 1990

In road traffic, road circumstances, vehicle, and driver are closely related each other. When road facilities are established in road planning, only road structure has been considered. However, relatively little work has been done regarding the relation between road circumstances and human with respect to a driver. This dissertation focuses on analysis of driver's visual characteristics to improve road circumstances. In this study, driver's visual characteristics are measured with eye-mark recorder and analyzed statistically. This study includes that visual characteristics, visual range, visual time, distribution of fixation duration, and visual moving angle with respect to road circumstances are established qualitatively and quantitatively by driving testing vehicle on streets, roads and high-ways. The main features of this study are : The driver's visual ranges are different over 10% depending on lane in multi-lanes. The visual range on two-lanes is more than twice as big as that on multi-lanes at 85% of whole vision. The right and left visual ranges by as big as that on multi-lanes at 85% of whole vision. The right and left visual ranges by as big as that on multi-lanes at 85% of whole vision. The right and left visual ranges by as big as that on multi-lanes at 85% of whole vision. The right and left visual ranges by speed are $34^{\circ}$ for 30-50km/hr, $28^{\circ}$ for 50-70km/hr, $22^{\circ}$ for 70-90km/hr and 16^{\circ} for over 90km/hr at 95% of visual rate. Accordingly, increasing speed results in narrow visual range.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2013

PURPOSES : In this study, the effects of when median exclusive bus lanes were applied to Daejeon trunk road (Wolpyeng crossway~Seodaejeon crossway, 6.3km) and (Daeduck Bridge 4~Kyeryong 4, 2.6km) by Microscopic Simulation VISSIM (5.0) was studied. The median exclusive bus lanes are one of the measures of transportation system manage techniques that can especially improve the efficiency of public transportation facilities. METHODS : According to the analysis of VISSIM on the Gyerong mainroad and Daedeok mainroad, when the median exclusive bus lanes were applied unlike when the roadside bus-only lanes were applied, the average travel speed of vehicles decreased but the average delay time and travel time increased. This arised from the changes in the geometric structure of the road which occurred the reduction of vehicle lane in the center of the road. RESULTS : In the case of bus, on the other hand, the average travel speed increased but the average delay time and travel time decreased. This is because the problems such as illegal parking and stopping, secondary road in out vehicle, and conflict of intersection right turn that roadside bus-only lanes occurred was solved. CONCLUSIONS : Although the introduction of median exclusive bus lanes will have a negative effect on general traffic flow due to the aggravation of travel, decrease of passenger car usage will lead to decrease of traffic volume. Therefore, smooth vehicle travel is expected.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2002

교차로에 진입하는 차량의 차두시간은 포화교통류율과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 포화차두시간과 출발손실시간을 구하기 위한 기본 파라메터이다. 이러한 차두시간은 운전자의 행태 및 교차로의 특성을 반영하는 것이므로 어느 교차로에서나 일정한 것이 아니라 교차로의 차로수 차로위치, 현시방법, 지역특성 및 시간대 등에 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 각각에 대해 교차로의 특성을 고려하여 적절한 값을 제시하였다. 직진차로수는 1차로, 2차로, 3차로로 분류하고 차로위치는 상위차로, 중간차로, 하위차로로 분류하여 차두시간을 조사한 결과 직진1차로와 직진2차로-상위차로 및 직진3차로-하위차로의 경우 각각 1.73초, 1.71초, 1.93초로 나타났다. 또한 차두시간과 포화교통류율의 관계를 이용하여 주거지역을 1.00로 가정하고 지역특성계수를 산정한 결과 0.96으로 나타났다. 출발손실시간의 경우 방향보호좌회전이 1.41초, 직좌동시신호가 3.27초로 큰 차이가 있었으므로 현시방법에 따라 다른 출발손실시간이 적용되어야 하는 것으로 나타났다.