• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

Urban scape of Gyeongju is overlapped by periods. So, a study of each Periodical urban scape is required to understanding the present urban scape. All it requires study is on account of different a characteristic and the meaning of the scape. Especially, unified Silla period was most flourished in all time, has Abundant image of urban scape, heavily influences present urban scape. The research was proceeded through the classifying the concept of Urban form and the basic ideology and adopting the representative landscape at that time with the literatures and maps, on Unified Silla Period. And then tried to find out the identity of landscape with the link between the concepts of the representative landscape and that of Urban form in chronological order. The identity of historical landscape in Gyeongju on Unified Silla Period from the result of research has been influenced on by the connection with natural environment, urban form revealed by grid, space organized by vigorously heading up the inside, and Buddhistic ideology and esthetics.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.26
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

This research put most emphasis on setting the guidelines for improvement through character analysis of landscape ecology to cope with ecological malfunction of the woodland surrounded in cultivated areas. The results are as follows. 1) As a result of character analysis of the woodland in cultivated area in point of landscape ecology in five case sites, the size of case site 3 is the largest as $3,000m^2$ and it is shown that a colony of pine trees which is valuable in terms of ecological, scientific, historic and cultural senses. 2) As a result of analysis on expansibility of woodland in cultivated area, case site 1 is 0.25, the lowest, flexibility is 4, the highest. In order to improve ecological function in woodland, it is regarded that maintaining curve form rather than straight one. 3) As a result of analysis of morphological diversity, case site 5 shows 1.3, the highest. However, the condition of vegetation and emergence frequency of species indicates low value degree. 4) Based on the result of analysis of landscape ecological character like above, the number of guidelines for the woodland in cultivated area is three and vegetation is four.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.50-60
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• 2003

The main purpose of this study was to propose the development direction and application method of wood as a landscape material by analysis and investigation of the present condition and characteristics of wood, which is a quite interesting natural material for its beauty as an exterior material. This study is based on the relationships between the establishment of development direction and practical use of exterior wood as a landscape material. The research method used was fieldwork and data analysis. On the analysis of the present condition of wood utilization, it was investigated to need of complement of a design aspect, use method, the limit of use type, and use range. The direction of a durable design for the practical use of exterior wood as landscape materials was established. On the use of exterior wood, first, the characteristics of wood have to be understood. Then exterior wood can be used while preserving its safety and beauty over a long time by physical and chemical treatment. At the same time, an application plan for the practical and effective use of wood as an outdoor landscape material, we concluded that future research in design aspects is needed in consideration of physical, chemical, and structural properties of durable wood materials used in outdoor facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

Due to the standardized urban development since the industrial era, many urban spaces have experienced non-placeness. Recently, although interest in urban landscape, history, and cultural elements has been increasing, landscape management and control measures are being implemented mainly in large cities due to the low status of rural areas in the country. From this point of view, this study tried to lay the foundation for basic research in related fields by classifying the characteristics and types of streetscapes located near large cities, and to suggest directions that should be considered when managing streetscapes in the future. As a result of the analysis of landscape adjectives, the village felt secluded due to the low density compared to the city street overall, but it did not have a unique image of the region. Three factors were derived through factor analysis, and preference was affected in the order of aesthetic, regularity, and uniqueness. In addition, the research site was classified into three types through cluster analysis, and it was confirmed that the differences by type were due to aesthetics and naturalness. On the other hand, the uniqueness is generally low in all regions, so it seems that fundamental countermeasures are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2 s.115
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• pp.57-71
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find common characteristics in everyday landscape cognition that the residents share and to restore the resulting characteristics through citizen-participatory town design. Through the residents participatory workshop supported by the Gwangju Buk-gu District Autonomy and Citizen Academy of Gwangju YMCA, 304 people from eight administrative districts participated in three programs. In each program, photographed landscape images representing everyday conditions of the townscape were presented in several ways: in program 1, the residents' mental map was studied; in program 2, landscape images of real places were matched to locations on a map; and in program 3, the landscapes were scored on a scale from 1 to 5 according to five descriptive categories. The elements that were recognized as common landscape features were public facilities, pedestrian spaces, school areas, and parks and natural green spaces. Additional results including recognition of the participants affection for the village and a common landscape image shared by the people, as inhabitants looked around at the space of their own lives. It seems possible that more creative townscapes can be created by residents through participatory programs.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2002

This study intends to find out what manmade elements in typical moderately disturbed coastal landscape are most adversely affecting its aesthetic quality. Simulation photos including a combination of five most common manmade structures (houses, roads, power lines, embankments, and aquaculture facilities) found on coastal areas were made, and thirty eight subjects in the field of landscape architecture and forty eight average subjects were asked to evaluate their visual preferences of the 32 simulation photos using seven levels of Likert scale. Overall, average and professional subjects did not show significant differences in their evaluations. Visual preferences were greatly influenced by the presence of the manmade structures. A natural coastal landscape without any manmade structures was most preferable, and a disturbed coastal landscape by all five manmade structures was least preferable. Power lines had the most serious negative impact on the landscape, and followed by the embankment. In coastal landscape restoration works and management, priority needs to be given to these manmade structures which have bigger negative landscape impacts.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.653-663
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• 2022

Research activities and discussions on specialized areas reflecting the specificity of landscape construction are necessary. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of presenting basic data for efficient field management by deriving items necessary for safety management in landscape construction fields through experts' opinions. A survey was conducted using Delphi analysis to derive "management items" and "safety management items according to landscape type" for landscape construction field safety for a total of 15 landscape construction specialists. The survey results showed that four top items were derived from the "management items" for the safety of landscape construction fields; they include: "safety and health management organization and education," "industrial safety and health management expenses," "payment of personal protection," and "establishment of safety measures." In addition, two to five items for each higher item appeared and resulted in a total of 13 lower items. Personnel, organization, budget, etc. for safety management are always required in the field, and the monitoring part of whether these elements are working was also taken up as a management item. In the "Management items according to each landscape construction" a total of eight landscape type were distinguished, they include: 'Reinforced concrete work', 'Masonry work', 'Plaster's work', 'Waterproof work', 'Stone masonry work', 'Pavement work', 'Facilities work', and 'Planting work'. Furthermore, two to seven sub-items for each construction type were derived, and a total of 35 management items were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.70-82
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• 2023

The recent surge of IT and data acquisition is shifting the paradigm in all aspects of life, and these advances are also affecting academic fields. Research topics and methods are being improved through academic exchange and connections. In particular, data-based research methods are employed in various academic fields, including landscape architecture, where continuous research is needed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the possibility of developing a landscape preference evaluation and prediction model using machine learning, a branch of Artificial Intelligence, reflecting the current situation. To achieve the goal of this study, machine learning techniques were applied to the landscaping field to build a landscape preference evaluation and prediction model to verify the simulation accuracy of the model. For this, wind power facility landscape images, recently attracting attention as a renewable energy source, were selected as the research objects. For analysis, images of the wind power facility landscapes were collected using web crawling techniques, and an analysis dataset was built. Orange version 3.33, a program from the University of Ljubljana was used for machine learning analysis to derive a prediction model with excellent performance. IA model that integrates the evaluation criteria of machine learning and a separate model structure for the evaluation criteria were used to generate a model using kNN, SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Neural Network algorithms suitable for machine learning classification models. The performance evaluation of the generated models was conducted to derive the most suitable prediction model. The prediction model derived in this study separately evaluates three evaluation criteria, including classification by type of landscape, classification by distance between landscape and target, and classification by preference, and then synthesizes and predicts results. As a result of the study, a prediction model with a high accuracy of 0.986 for the evaluation criterion according to the type of landscape, 0.973 for the evaluation criterion according to the distance, and 0.952 for the evaluation criterion according to the preference was developed, and it can be seen that the verification process through the evaluation of data prediction results exceeds the required performance value of the model. As an experimental attempt to investigate the possibility of developing a prediction model using machine learning in landscape-related research, this study was able to confirm the possibility of creating a high-performance prediction model by building a data set through the collection and refinement of image data and subsequently utilizing it in landscape-related research fields. Based on the results, implications, and limitations of this study, it is believed that it is possible to develop various types of landscape prediction models, including wind power facility natural, and cultural landscapes. Machine learning techniques can be more useful and valuable in the field of landscape architecture by exploring and applying research methods appropriate to the topic, reducing the time of data classification through the study of a model that classifies images according to landscape types or analyzing the importance of landscape planning factors through the analysis of landscape prediction factors using machine learning.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.22-34
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• 2004

An artificial disturbance like fragmentation in watershed forest has impacted a sustainability of watershed ecosystem, therefore this research quantified the landscape structure in the Geumho river watershed using landscape indices and GIS. Landscape indices were calculated from the forest distributed maps for 24 subwatersheds. Three common factors, which explained about 85% of the variation in the original data, were extracted by a factor analysis. The fragmentation gradient in forest landscape, which was calculated from the factor scores, was correlated with proportion of urban land (r=0.827, p<0.01, $R^2$=0.685), elevation (r=-0.637, p<0.01) and slope gradient (r=-0.593, p<0.01). The result of the study presented that the methodology and the values of landscape indices to assess the structural patterns of forest landscape for the Geumho river watershed management. Future research will be directed towards the detection of impacts of landscape patterns and their changes on the integrity of watershed environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.42-52
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• 2010

This research analyzed the overall issues pertaining to the questions that appear in the professional landscape architect screening system to assess 1he recognition of test-takers when it comes to the test questions in terms of the question objectivity, appropriateness, difficulty level and so forth The purpose of this is to present a set of recommendations so that the screening system can he improved and the professional landscape architect screening system consolidate its position. This in turn can help the professional landscape architect qualification process consolidate its position and improve the status of the landscape area in the industrial field. The research of this study was conducted for the all-round development of Landscape Architecture. The research method was divided into two stages, and a group of experts was leveraged to study subjects that are tested and subjects allocated. A survey was conducted of candidates and certification holders to assess the questions that appear in the test in terms of their level, objectivity, difficulty level, tendency of questions and so forth. Firstly, the study demonstrated that the subjects tested in the professional landscape architect test are different from the testing subjects that are suggested in the enforcement ordinance of the National Technical Professional Law. In addition, o1her problems include the overvaluation of a subject for testing, a lack of objectivity in testing, and difficulty level adjustment of questions. One main reason for many of these kinds of problems is that the questions appeared without thorough review and there is a lack of management concerning the members of the commtittee that develops the question. Accordingly, to make up for these problems, a viable screening system such as the reorganization of subjects that are tested, assigning suitable subjects, securing of question objectivity, and difficulty level of developed questions are necessary.