• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2024

Color is an essential visual element that has a significant impact on the formation of a city's image and people's perceptions. Quantitative analysis of color in urban environments is a complex process that has been difficult to implement in the past. However, with recent rapid advances in Machine Learning, it has become possible to analyze city colors using photos shared by tourists. This study selected Dali City, a popular tourist destination in China, as a case study. Photos of Dali City shared by tourists were collected, and a method to measure large-scale city colors was explored by combining machine learning techniques. Specifically, the DeepLabv3+ model was first applied to perform a semantic segmentation of tourist sharing photos based on the ADE20k dataset, thereby separating artificial elements in the photos. Next, the K-means clustering algorithm was used to extract colors from the artificial elements in Dali City, and an adjacency matrix was constructed to analyze the correlations between the dominant colors. The research results indicate that the main color of the artificial elements in Dali City has the highest percentage of orange-grey. Furthermore, gray tones are often used in combination with other colors. The results indicated that local ethnic and Buddhist cultures influence the color characteristics of artificial elements in Dali City. This research provides a new method of color analysis, and the results not only help Dali City to shape an urban color image that meets the expectations of tourists but also provide reference materials for future urban color planning in Dali City.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to attempt new analysis on Soswaewon Garden(瀟灑園) where is Korea's traditional garden, focusing on which the tendency of its change is a relational-formation tool similar to the Eastern Mode of Thought, with paying attention to conversion as the new view of world. Accordingly, the aim is to reanalyze by connecting with Soswaewon Garden based on the theory of complexity, which tries to look at the whole through relationship rather than characteristics in individual components. Given summarizing findings, those are as follows. First, it was found that complexity shown in space and open system of physical dimension was characterized by 'event(situation)', 'non-determination' and 'homogeneous relationships between part and whole', and a variety of techniques introduced the nature positively. In particular, it was found that there were many cases of topographic usage, since the Soswaewon Garden selected its construction site proactively and was a product from architectural works in compliance with a given flow of natural topography. This has a nature of open text in the situation of emergent behaviors. Second, it was found that complexity shown in experiences and open system on the invisible dimension was characterized primarily by 'event(situation)' and 'relationships of interactive response between actors and environment', and various techniques appeared as a space for interactive combination of nature and daily experiences. This is typical of bilateral harmony based on interactions between subject and object, and between mankind and nature, and becomes also a space to accommodate temporary emergent behaviors in our life. Third, the compositional elements are reconstituted as space of organic property with dismantling steady relations. Especially, 'Soswaewon Garden's 48 poems(瀟灑園四十八詠)' will be the origin of the emotionally spatial experience to the current performers. Ultimately, the performer in the space of Soswaewon Garden simultaneously becomes a creator of space, and will generate new space with intertextuality with environment. Therefore, Soswaewon Garden becomes a place of binding me and the other together while maintaining mutual relationship based on organic thinking between a human being and nature and between the whole and a part.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

This study aims to examine the design and construction methods of movable Pavilions. Through the literature analysis, the setting up of the construction background, location and direction, size and composition, materials and construction methods were analyzed. The results are as follows; First, the movable pavilion is designed to enjoy a wide range of views. It was a creation that reflected the way in which the ideal life was pursued based on the experience of enjoying scenery rather than owning one's own house and running a pavilion. Second, the formation of movable pavilion was intended to enjoy the scenery by season without restrictions on time and place. It can also relieve the hassle of having to move tools to enjoy the wind every time. Third, the movable pavilion faces to a place with good scenery and determines its position and direction. Most of them were built on a small scale and divided the space for viewing the scenery, playing GO(Baduk), writing poems, and playing musical instruments. Also, wood was used mainly. To reduce the load, roofs and walls were constructed with light materials such as bamboo, straw, thick sheet of oil, and cotton cloth. The construction method was mainly used by the method of fastening for easy coupling and dismantling. When a building was constructed on the upper part of a ship or cart, the wooden structure of a regular pavilion was constructed. Fourth, when comparing the design and construction characteristics of ordinary pavilion and movable pavilion, the movable pavilion is easy to see for contrast purposes, so there is no limit to setting the location and direction. Instead, more stringent systems and techniques were called for, because as mobility forces should be considered, structurally measures to withstand loads, and they should satisfy their function and form as pavilion.