• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2001

After World War II, Japan experienced a great political and social shift, which brought a concern of emerging public landscape in urban development. This paper analyses the management of the aesthetic intentions in urban design effort. We reviewed the development of various public installation of artworks concerning urban landscape aesthetics through its administrative process in chronological order. The monuments during the first decade marked a shift in emphasis from the militarism of the pre-war and wartime period to one of peace. However, some of the monuments and sculptures are not immune to controversy. This became an issue that could no be ignored by public officials whose responsibility was to place the sculptures while maintaining sensitivity to public opinion. As public administrators began to consider the possibility that sculptures may contribute to improving public amenities, the contextual concepts were basically ignored. Some of the programs in 1970s began to show more respect to the context, while other programs in this period expressed more interest in educational aspects of sculptures in the public spaces. Urban development projects also seek to introduce artworks integrated to their urban design concepts in 1990s. Generally, the administrators responsible for these programs were rarely trained in any relative field study other than public administration. Installing sculptures tended to be considered as part of public works projects on the level of urban planning and construction. The general public is basically removed from participating in the critical decisions that actually impact their lives in relation to the artworks. In conclusion, public art in japan has unique social and historic background both in its advantages and disadvantages. Issues pertaining to art in public spaces have evolved over the decades as the term "sculpture pollution" began to appear by the mid 1990s. most of the problems originated in either the lack of monumentality, contextual consideration, quality, or public participation. From another point of view, these programs played great roll in the development of modern Japanese sculpture and patronizing process, and the creation of new urban landscape with aesthetic value. In this sense, they must be considered as successful and noteworthy examples of cultural administration and urban design policy.

• 농촌계획
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1999

This paper examines the pastoral ideal and its legacy to landscape design. We have had the routine convention of experiencing natural beauty from the picture-like nature. We, who would liken a scenic view to a picture, often equate natural beauty with superficial representations of nature shown in pastoral literature and traditional landscape paintings: the lush of towering trees, the field of endless green, the soft babbling flow of the river and the crisp clear sky. It is not a portrayal of nature as it is, but in fact a conceptual expression of its ideal form. The ideological root of that natural beauty can be retraced to the pastoral ideal, so eagerly longed for by people of the western world. A pastoral landscape graciously marked with leisurely peace and subtle harmony is what we identify as beautiful nature. In fact, however, it is no more than an artificial refuge in contextual isolation from its surrounding, and a by-stander's nature seen purely through the eyes of the outsider. The tradition of pastoralism, reaching its peak in the 18th century with its English Landscape Garden style, was transplanted into the real world through the practice of landscape architecture. Landscape design in such a form is just a static means of decoration devoid of meaning and process. And we simply identify the green ornamentation with nature.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

본 연구는 우리나라 조경도입 40년을 즈음하여 빠르게 변화하고 있는 사회의 요구에 조경교육이 적절히 대응할 수 있도록 대학 조경교육에 대한 현장 실무자의 인식을 조사하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 모두 257명의 실무자를 대상으로 조경교육에 대한 전반적인 인식, 교과목 유형별 중요도와 실무활용도, 조경업무 단계별 중요도와 실무활용도 등에 대한 설문조사가 진행되었다. 조사결과, 전반적인 대학 조경교육에 대한 실무자의 인식은 다소 부정적으로 나타났는데, 특히 대학 졸업 직후 현장에서 활용할 수 있는 현장중심의 교육을 보강할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 대학 교육에 대한 요구로도 현실적인 전문지식, 인접분야에 대한 이해 등의 현장에서 활용 가능한 내용이 주를 이루고 있었으며, 신입사원 교육을 통해서 실무스킬이나 컴퓨터, 법제도 관련 사항을 보완하고 있었다. 대학 교육 개선을 위해서는 전임교수는 물론이고, 학생과 실무자들의 공동의 노력이 중요한 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 과목별로는 식재설계, 조경설계, 조경재료, 조경계획, 조경시공 및 관리 등의 과목이 중요한 과목으로 조사되었으나 부분적으로는 분야별 특성이 나타났다. 업무단계별로는 중요도 측면에서는 계획, 설계, 시공관련 과목이 고르게 중요한 단계로 인식되었으나, 실무활용도 측면에서는 계획과 설계과목으로 한정되어 현대학 교육이 계획과 설계 중심으로 진행되고 있는 경향을 보여주었다. 학문연구를 기본으로 하는 대학입장에서 실무자 의견을 그대로 교육과정에 반영할 될 수는 없겠으나, 현실을 반영한 교육에 대한 요구와 계획, 설계 중심의 교육에서 탈피하여 균형감 있는 교육이 될 수 있도록 하는 노력은 필요하리라 생각한다. 본 연구에서는 설문응답자가 수도권에 집중되었으며 실무자 의견 조사에 한정되어, 대학 조경교육에 대한 종합적인 개선방안 제시를 위해서는 교육자나 피교육자의 의견이 포함된 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2006

As the local self-government are stabilized and the environmental value is becoming more important among local residents, the occurrence of the anti-movements against waste treatment facilities is getting more frequent. Opposing to build the reuse facilities of wastes takes place because of concerning of health and hygiene, as well as matters of unclear policy making process. However, these facilities must be built in somewhere for the convenience and profit of the public. The NIMBY phenomenon against reuse facilities of wastes could be a burden for the city operation system, and it could worsen citizens' quality of life in the long run. In these lights, reuse and recycling facilities of wastes in East region are necessary facilities improving citizens' quality of life and enhancing the growth of cities in the region. However, there have been concerning of deforestation during the construction process of the facilities. The landscape design presented here for these facilities considers the features of the environmental ecosystem and tries to establish a plan to preserve the natural environment of the City of Ichon. This paper presents methods minimizing adverse effects of the facilities on the existing environments and promoting the city image with integrating culture, tourism, landscape and environment of the city. The landscape design makes efforts to harmonize natural environments in the site, human activities and culture. Well-being park was aimed to lead healthy and energetic outdoor activities of local residents. Ecological park was aimed to enhance the ecological functions of the forests and restore the valley ecology. Culture park was aimed to capture the city identity by creating a place that contains all the variety of meanings of the City of Ichon.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2024

본 연구는 한국 조경을 살펴보기 위해 조경가 정영선에 집중하였다. 이를 위해 2014년까지의 작가의 사고, 정영선과 서안 작품, 관련 담론(조경가, 조경작품, 조경담론) 등을 대상으로, 조경설계안, 조경작품, 조경가의 사고 및 그것의 조경이론화 과정, 조경작품과 조경가의 설계사고 사이의 관계 등을 살펴보고 인터뷰(정영선 및 관련 인사), 문헌조사, 설계작품 분석 등의 방법으로 접근하였다. 자료를 종합한 결과 정영선 조경을 구분하여 볼 때, 조경을 처음 접하고 이를 수련하며 실무에 뛰어든 시기부터 독립 사무실을 운영하며 설계의 경향과 설계사고의 깊이를 달리하며 보이는 네 가지의 변곡 지점이 나타난다. 이 과정에서 초기 조경에 대한 학습기를 제외하면 정영선 조경의 범주는 현대 조경, 정원, 전통 조경의 세 가지로 나타났다. 이 세 가지 범주의 조경 활동을 통해 현대 조경의 수입과 내재화(현대조경론), 독자적 정원론의 성립과 그 실천(정원론), 전통 컴플렉스의 극복과 창의적 계승(전통조경론) 등의 세 가지 성취를 보여준다. 종합적으로 볼 때 정영선 조경은 지역주의적 사고와 작가주의적 사고의 실천이라 요약할 수 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

이 연구는 지금까지 조경 드로잉에서 컴퓨터 테크놀로지가 어떠한 역할을 해왔는가를 검토하고, 근래의 디지털드로잉에서 발견되는 사실적 묘사 경향에 관한 쟁점을 진단한 후 대안적 방향을 모색한다. 조경 드로잉의 매체가 손에서 컴퓨터로 이행하는 시기에 드로잉 테크놀로지는 대체로 손 드로잉의 테크닉을 모방하는 기계 도구의 기능을 담당했다. GIS는 레이어 케이크의 절차를 보다 정확하게 효율적으로 처리했고, CAD는 물리 모형을 시공 도면으로 변환했으며, 그래픽 소프트웨어는 콜라주와 몽타주를 보다 쉽게 만들 수 있도록 도왔다. 근래에 디지털 조경 드로잉에는 경관의 외양을 회화와 같이 사실적으로 묘사하려는 경향이 짙다. 그래픽 소프트웨어를 이용하여 사진 재료의 조립 흔적을 지워내 마치 실재 경관을 포착한 사진처럼 보이도록 제작되고 있다. 이러한 사진과 같은 이미지는 대중과의 의사소통에 수월하지만, 경관의 다감각적 특성을 온전하게 구현하기 힘들고, 좀처럼 현실에서 발생하기 힘든 경관의 가장 이상적인 순간을 묘사하여 수용자를 기만하는 경우가 발생하기도 하며, 자칫 최종 결과물처럼 여겨져 드로잉의 생산에만 집중하게 할 우려가 있다. 이에 대한 대안적 방향으로, 경관의 기능 정보를 삼차원으로 모델링하고, 디지털 테크놀로지를 설계 전반 프로세스에서 설계 아이디어를 발전시키는데 활용하며, 서로 다른 드로잉 테크닉과 테크놀로지를 혼용하여 경관의 다양한 국면을 시각화하는 실험이 필요하다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2004

This study creates the LCP (Landscape Control Point) through the survey of spot sites for the quality of landscape assessment, which is based on an objective and departmentalized data base; the landscape assessment was achieved by production of weight value with the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique, selection of requisites for the landscape assessment with the IVERSON method and visual area analysis with GIS (Geographic Information System). Futhermore, validity of the landscape assessment was verified by analysis of the correlation between physical amount and aesthetic amount. The purpose of this study is to suggest the basic essential data for landscape assessment and landscape planning by the characteristics of landscape based on verification of the suggested landscape assessment methods. The results of this study are summarized below. 1. In the adaptation of landscape assessment using GIS, the landscape assessment points of LCP 18, 17 and 16, which have more visible elements such as hill area, mountain area, and forest and farm land, were indicated to be higher than the others. In contrast, the landscape assessment points of LCP 13, 6 and 10, which have less visible elements, were relatively lower than the others. 2. In the visible preference measuring method, LCP 4, 14, and 16 showed high points of landscape assessment with 3.46, 3.4, and 3.18 each. With the more natural environments such as hill area, mountain area, and forest and farm land, higher results were shown. In contrast, LCP 7, 1, and 9 showed low points of landscape assessment with 2.24, 2.36, and 2.53 each. 3. In this study, a coefficient of 0.746 was gained by the analysis of correlation between the points of landscape assessment method and the points of visual preference from a slide show. This has 99 percent of probability in statistical data. 4. In conclusion, with the demonstration of the correlation between the landscape assessment method based on the AHP technique and the aesthetic amount (preference proportion), the practical use of landscape assessment can be demonstrated by the suggested landscape assessment method.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2013

The study is to probe a technical alternative to enhance the reliability and accuracy of the results of various landscape simulations. This study to present technical criteria that are necessary in each stage of target site analysis, picture taking, and computer synthesis and, through these to present supplementary plans to enhance the reliability and accuracy of landscape simulations. In order to derive more practical and empirical results in terms of the reliability of the results of landscape simulations, examples that actually passed landscape review were selected. With regard to study process, an analysis was made first to analyze the landscape report data of designs that passed the review to analyze their characteristics, to be followed by an integrated analysis of problems that were revealed in various landscape simulations. Important factors that affect directly the work of landscape simulations such as the specification of camera lenses that were used in picture taking, distance, and angle. Design the work was carried out using Auto CAD, 3DS Max, and Photoshop program in the same way as in actual design. For verification of their accuracy and reliability, the results were entrusted to experts who have implemented similar jobs. To seduce differences from those too landscape simulations that conduct trial experiment of the virtual space that are to be created in the future with accurate numerical values.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2009

The objective of the study is to discuss the public value which inevitably required in the relation between city and transportation infrastructure and to suggest a public space at a transfer center which is a new type of transportation infrastructure. There has been little discourse on the public value of existing transportation infrastructure in the field of landscape architecture. Through this study. re-think of urban infrastructure from landscape architectural point of view will be examined. Through this study, three main considerations will be reflected in designing a transfer center, First, in a broad context, possibility of landscape architectural access toward transportation infrastructure should be considered. Secondly, unique characteristics of the transfer center system will be reflected on design process. Lastly, by analysing the site context of Dobongsan station P&R, design issues will be emerged. Transportation infrastructure is a field of urban life where people gather, exchange and do diverse activities. Design of transfer center through landscape architectural approach will be a meaningful reaction to the needs of public space in the urban infrastructures.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2003

This landscape design is a work for which we selected the square of Sejong Center for the Performing Arts as a object area, drew inhuman factors, and tried to restore them to human environment. This plan assumes that excessive urban environment results from disorder and man can keep it in order and restore it to human environment through the progressive process of speculation. In this plan, we included the least parking space and nearby roads in the object area to maximize the location feature and the symbol of cultural space, and planned that the object area may play its role of open space in the downtown. To grant the symbol of culture space, we established the progressive process of speculation and the relationship of mu, heaven and earth, and culture, geometrically diagrammatized it, combined the circular and rectangular lines derived from it, and suggested a plan. Urban environment will continue to change in the future. However, as long as it is not ensured that the change will progress upward, city would be far from human environment anyhow. Effects to display inhuman space overlooked in the downtown and restore it to human environment for citizen and location for man, should continue.