• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.636-647
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• 2018

This study is to explore the characteristics of contemporary Chinese architecture from the aspects of the regionalism of environment, culture and technology. Six cases of contemporary Chinese architecture which won the world-wide famous were selected and analyzed. The results are the followings; First, the regionalism of environment emphasizes the building's response to the regional environment (topography, climate and regional landscape). Second, the regionalism of culture reflects as the relevance between architecture and community structure, economic patterns, folk customs and other social factors of the region. Third, the regionalism of technology requires the coordination of construction process, structure form, materials and other contents of architecture with the regional environment and culture, and emphasizes the suitability of technology. Environment, culture and technology determine that the regionalism of contemporary Chinese architecture is not purely the meaning at the formal level, but explores the underlying causes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to suggest the rural village model which is able to be applied to the rural village (re)development. The rural village model consists of five sector models land use model, residential unit model, public facilities allocation model, productive space arrangement model, road & green system model. The village model as a spatial structure needs modification/revision through the its application to various sites. The following are suggestions developed in the process of preparing a model for the Korean rural village. First, some indices presented in the land use model need to be further studied as the planning indices before implementing the rural village projects. Second, it is recomended that the image of a rural village needs to be created by developing the residential unit(6 households) as a planning development unit, And various residential unit models need to be suggested. Third, it is desirable to develop the double circulation system and green edge(1 m), and to introduce pedestrian road as much as possible for the amenity of the residential environment, Fourth, being located within walking distance from the existing village, new-introduced site should be developed as a interlinked and opened structure. The rural village model is useful in preparing the spatial structure for the village (re)development, and in finding the best design solution responsive to the conditions of a project site.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.254-261
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• 2014

The scientific information between microbial activities and chemical properties of reclaimed tidal soil is not enough to apply for reclamation projects. This study was conducted to investigate the relation between chemical properties and microbial activities of reclaimed tidal lands located at western coastal area (25 samples from Nampo, Ewon, Sukmoon and Shihwa sites). Most of the reclaimed soils showed chemical characteristics as salinity soil except Nampo site. The major component influenced the salinity of reclaimed soil was identified as a sodium from the relationship between EC and exchangeable cation. With an increase in EC of soil, the population of mesophilic bacteria decreases whereas halotolerant and halophilic bacteria increases. The population of mesophilic bacteria increased with an increase in both organic matter and dehydrogenase activity. However, the population of halotolerant and halophilic bacteria decreased with an increase in organic matter. Based on the relation between chemical property and microbial activity of reclaimed tidal soil, electrical conductivity and organic matter as chemical properties of soil, population of mesophilic bacteria, halotolerant and halophilic bacteria and dehydrogenase activity as microbial activities could be the major parameters for reclamation process.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.262-270
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• 2015

The scientific information between microbial community and chemical properties of reclaimed tidal soil is not enough to understand the land reclamation process. This study was conducted to investigate the relation between chemical properties and microbial activities of soils from reclaimed tidal lands located at south-western coastal area (42 samples from Goheuong, Samsan, Bojun, Kunnae, Hwaong and Yeongsangang sites). Most of the reclaimed soils showed chemical characteristics as salinity soil based on EC. Only $Na^+$ in exchangeable cation was dependent on EC of reclaimed soil, whereas other cations such as $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ were independent on EC. The mesophilic bacteria decreased with an increase in EC of soil. Microbial population increased with soil organic content in the range of $0{\sim}10g\;kg^{-1}$ and dehydrogenase activity less than $100{\mu}g-TPF\;g^{-1}h^{-1}$. Microbial population of soils from reclaimed tidal lands was closely related to the microbial community containing hydrolytic enzyme activities of cellulase, amylase, protease, and lipase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for habitat restoration by implementing a series of processes of capturing and translocating Kaloula borealis and managing them in artificial breeding facilities. The study site in Samcheon, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do was a waste landfill site in the past, and Kaloula borealis was found during the Samcheon Ecological River Restoration Project around March 2018. To restore the habitat, a plan was established to capture, translocate, artificially breed, and release Kaloula borealis at the site. The capture methods of adult Kaloula borealis were pitfall trap and drift fence, direct capture, and deep barrels. During 2018-2019, 86 adults of Kaloula borealis were captured and translocated to artificial breeding facilities. VIE-tagging was inserted under the skin for monitoring. For artificial breeding, Gryllus bimaculatus with oyster powder and vegetables were regularly supplied to feed Kaloula borealis. At the end of October 2020, 150 young Kaloula borealis raised in artificial breeding facilities were found not entering hibernation, so they were managed in a separate artificial breeding facility. Some young and adult Kaloula borealis currently hibernating will be scheduled to be continuously managed in artificial breeding facilities and released to the restored habitat in the spring of 2021.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.77-86
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the condition of the architectural location and the history of Yeongbojeong and investigate the motivation which formed the YuSik space and the poetical circles of it. And another purpose of the study is to discover how Yeongbojeong, located in a military camp in Western coast, displayed the poetic scenery so to be the poetic summer house among so many Nujeongs in Joseon. Yeongbojeong is currently located in Soseong-ri, Ocheon-myeon, Boryeong City, Chungnam. Yeongbojeong has the biggest size among all the summer houses in the country with 24 architectural rooms. And Yeongbojeong is not only the summer house in which people could simply see its scenery, but beyond the poetic space of Joseon, it was the unique poetic summer house which enables poets and calligraphers to enjoy imaginary freedom. The time range of the study was from the building of Yeongbojeong in 1504 to its demolish in 1901, and its space range was taken focused on the particular scenery which was seen from around Yeongbojeong. To investigate the architectural aspect of Yeongbojeong, the existing records about the summer houses, "OcheonGoonJi" and the landscape paintings etc. were referred. The travel records and poems in the work collection of the famous poets who explored Yeongbojeong were referred to examine the formation of the Yeongbojeong poetical circles. The result of the study shows the process that Yeongbojeong had become the famous national place with scenery and how it became the most visited YuSik space. And this study figured out the full account of Yeongbojeong poetical circles which had been formed by so many poets of the country for 4 hundred years.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.293-304
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• 2022

Recently, the frequency of installation of ventilation towers is increasing due to the planning and construction of underground roads and long tunnel. In this study, implications and points for improvement were considered through investigation and analysis of the installation standards related to ventilation towers in tunnels and analysis of ventilation tower installation cases in domestic and overseas tunnel case study. As a result of this study, when selecting the location and height of the ventilation tower, it is recommended to determine the final ventilation tower type through a consultation process with residents, considering the environmental impact caused by the emission of pollutants, the harmonious arrangement with the surrounding landscape, and the efficient use of the above-ground site nearby ventilation tower. In addition, from the design stage, it is judged that a detailed review of reducing the height of the ventilation tower through air quality simulation is necessary for natural harmony with the surrounding topography and to prevent civil complaints.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.195-222
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• 2022

From the economic development perspective, economic growth should accompany structural improvement in order to meet complex demands from a society. In the context of development economics, economic growth is critically dependent on successful structural advancement. The issue of structural change is also important for advanced economies as the landscape of modern industry is changing fast. Many advanced countries of slow growth are experiencing dawdling changes in industry structure. However, there is no definitive answer to the question of whether there is a causal relationship between structural change and growth. This study empirically assesses the relationship between structural change or 'speed' thereof and economic growth in developed countries of OECD. Rather than looking into the causes of structural changes, this study simply measures structural changes in OECD economies and examines if structural change is really contributing to growth. The reason why this study focuses on advanced countries of OECD is rather obvious; technological innovation and emergence of new industries pressure these countries to restructure their economies to address these new challenges though they are at stages well beyond conventional industrialization. And structural rigidity can always limit growth even in advanced countries. The main results of this study can be summarized as a positive relationship between 'change and growth'. 'Change' in this study refers to changes in the industrial structure based on value-added and was analyzed to have a close positive relationship with economic growth. This result is consistent with arguments of early development economists emphasizing structural upgrade as an indispensable process for growth and development. The result of this study potentially confirms that the main argument of development economics is valid also for advanced economies. One of our results suggests that business/professional services and social services should be main targets for restructuring for advanced economies. The rational may be that rapid convergence of manufacturing and services is a key for structural advancement in the era of new technologies. Obviously, as manufacturing technology and production are standardized, it is difficult to secure international competitiveness through traditional manufacturing alone and the role of R&D, design, logistics, and marketing is becoming more important.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2023

This study analyzes the entirety of Okhojeongdo's content found in the Punggojip, written by Kim Jo-Sun, who created Okhojeong. Through an examination of the literature confirming Okhojeong within the Punggojip, the study compares the existing research with the Okhojeongdo's content. Additionally, it clarifies the relationships between the disciple, the garden, and related historical facts. The results are as follows. First, Kim Jo-Sun, who created Okhojeong, had a strong literary inclination, which made it relatively easy to estimate the original form of the garden, as he expressed detailed content related to the design and management of the garden. Second, the historical dating of the creation of Okhojeong was previously estimated to be around 1815 based on the inscriptions on the Eulhaebyeok. However, it is more appropriate to revise this to 1804, as revealed by Lee Sung-min, who discovered records in Dongseonggyoyeojip, indicating that Kim Jo-Sun purchased the Jang's house. Third, Kim Jo-Sun's literary hobby, as depicted in Punggojip, closely followed Chinese classics. However, the part about creating the garden is supported by factual and garden archaeological records, giving it inherent value. Regarding the expansion of the garden site, it is estimated that the southern boundary of Okhojeong was extended by about half a unit(kan; 間) through a transfer from Kim saeng Saho. Various additions, stone statues, peculiar rocks, ornamental trees, and accompanying elements are found throughout the garden. Particularly noteworthy are the techniques and aesthetics of creating a stone pagoda, and there are mentions of transplanting young pine trees with professional insights. The love for harmony and elegance in the garden is woven throughout the poetry. Additionally, the process of selecting the location for Okhojeong, the understanding of the terrain and topography, the assessment of existing vegetation, the process of cutting down trees and selecting the soil, the construction of houses with tiles and thatched roofs all contribute to demonstrating the comprehensive stages of creating Okhojeong, providing insight into the location and construction process of the Sanbanru pavilion, showcasing the archaeological value of the garden. A follow-up study is needed to excavate more information about the original form of Okhojeong garden through the interpretation of the collections of the literary works of the influential figures introduced in Punggojip in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.25-38
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to propose a direction for creating a memorial park for the 250 students victims of the Sewol ferry disaster. To this end, this study first attempted to understand the matters discussed at various levels to create a memorial park and find a way that the park can be built by gathering opinions from the bereaved families and the victims themselves, as well as local residents, and experts. Workshops, competitions, special lectures, and websites, etc, were analyzed. A social discourse analysis methodology was used for systematic analysis, and the analyzed discourse was categorized into 4 types for assessment, and the functions and roles were subdivided into 15 types. To assess the priorities and the adequacy of the discourse, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used among 30 activists, public servants, and experts. Then, a survey was conducted to analyze the perception of the residents (467 participants including the bereaved families) about the memorial park. Based on the results of the analysis, two directions were set for the memorial park. First, is a memorial park to remember the victims in everyday life. It must be a park with various cultural contents instead of a conventional memorial park that is solemn and grave sharing anguish and sorrow. The memorial park for the Sewol ferry disaster must become a space where visitors can naturally encounter and remember the victims. Second, is a park that serves as a catalyst that brings change and innovation to the community. It must be able to bring change to the community with direct and indirect influence. It must serve as an impetus to bring change and innovation to the community in the mid-to-long-term. Having many visitors may also lead to an economic effect. These visitors may not just stay in the park, but even contribute to revitalizing the local businesses. The purpose of this study is to apply the research findings to guide the International Design Competition scheduled for 2020 and serve to establish guidelines for a continuous park management system.