• 지역연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-33
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• 1998

Whereas previous researches on land policy after unification dealt with principally the problem of land confiscation under the communist reign, this research tried to propose a scheme of long-term land reform which was based on case studies on ex-socialist societies' experiences during their transformation, analysis on North Korea's institution related to land ownership and use. To reform North Korea's land ownership and use by the principle of market economy, North Korean should accumulate their commencing asset necessary for private ownership of land and housing. Therefore much focus should be put on the accumulation of the commencing asset at the early state of unification. On the extension of that line, the government of the Unified Korea should try to solve the problem of land confiscation by the communist party and land privatization in the region of North Korea. For the purpose, gradual land reform is more desirable than rapid one according to the case studies on ex-socialist societies. The government should avoid policies than can result in serious fiscal burden. Active participation of local government is highly recommendable in land tax and development. On the direction of land policy, this research proposed a four step long-term scheme of land reformation in North Korea. However, later researches should put more Korea. However, later researches should put more emphasis to the unification of land institution of North and South Korea which this research couldn't deal with sufficiently.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

The regional economic crises in the late 1990s and the global economic crisis in the late 2000s had reduced the differences in housing policies among the major Asian economies. This paper attempts to explain and compare housing welfare policy shifts between subsidizing home owning and subsidized renting from the perspectives of the economic and social roles of housing, the lock-in effect of policy processes, and the welfare provision strategy of the East Asian economies. It argues that the impact of economic crises on housing welfare policy in East Asia depended on the duration and the intensity of the crisis and the length and severity of the subsequent economic depression. Another important factor was the role of housing in the economic and social development, especially whether housing market development was considered as an engine of economic growth or revival, and whether the tools of housing policy caused the economic crisis. The loss of impetus for home ownership drive and the new emphasis on rental subsidy provision are new policy trends. Nonetheless, the economic revival since mid-2009 has caused the re-introduction of home ownership subsidies for quenching the housing affordability problems and enhancing home ownership making use of the strong economic conditions.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권2호
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• pp.260-274
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 임적조사사업(林籍調査事業)(1910)의 수립 배경, 실시 과정, 결과 및 평가와 이 사업을 바탕으로 만들어진 "한국임야정리(韓國林野整理)에 관한 의견서(意見書)"가 일제의 초기 식민지 임정에 끼친 영향력을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 임적조사사업(林籍調査事業)은 일본인 관료 목내중사랑(木內重四郞)과 재등음작(齋藤音作)의 주도하에 조선의 소유별, 임상별 산림분포를 파악하고자 실행되었다. 그러나 경비부족과 짧은 조사기간으로 인해 조사의 정확도는 매우 낮았다. 특히 북부지방의 많은 촌락공유림(村落共有林)과 특수지역림(特殊地役林)이 임적조사사업(林籍調査事業)의 간략성(簡略性)과 자의성(恣意性)으로 인해 "관리기관이 없는 국유림"으로 편입되었다. 그럼에도 당시 일제는 이 조사결과를 바탕으로 조선의 임야정리에 관한 정책을 수립하였다. 이 정책은 "한국임야정리(韓國林野整理)에 관한 의견서(意見書)"로 종합되었는데, 그 중 임야정리에 관한 제안은 이후 삼림령(森林令)(1911) 및 일련의 임야정리과정을 거치면서 구체적이고 구속력을 더한 식민지 임정으로 현실화되었다. 결론적으로 임적조사사업(林籍調査事業)은 조사의 정확도는 떨어지지만, 일제 강점기 초기 식민지 조선의 임정을 수립하는데 가장 기초적인 자료로서 이용되었고 "한국임야정리(韓國林野整理)에 관한 의견서(意見書)"는 임야정리(林野整理)에 관한 구체적인 방향(方向)과 식민지 임정의 각론(各論)을 수립하는데 결정적인 역할을 한 정책제안서(政策提案書)라고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2022

It is anticipated that there will be radical disputes over land ownership in the event of the advent of the era of UAM. As such, policy alternative is presented by analyzing and researching relevant laws at home and abroad on the means of legislating 'Regulations on compensation for use of air space above land' in preparation of such occurrence. As the results of the study, it is deemed to limit the range of the land ownership in accordance with UAM operation as follows. First, it is proposed to newly enact regulation to limit the ownership of air space of land owner to the public space above the elevation of 200m as stipulated under the Article 78 of the Aviation Safety Act. Second, as the result of analysis made for the option of making compensation from the perspective of the property right of land ownership and option of not making compensation from the perspectives of public interest and concerns in the event of operation of UAM within the air space below the elevation of 200m, it is deemed that legislative decision is necessary through more extensive studies in the future.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.49-72
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• 1992

본고(本稿)는 부동산, 특히 토지에 대한 보유과세가 강화되어야 한다는 주장들을 검토하여 토지보유과세(土地保有課稅)를 강화하는 것이 바람직한가, 그럴 경우 어느 정도의 세부담(稅負擔) 증가(增加)가 필요한가를 살펴봄으로써 세제개편(稅制改編)의 실천적인 지침을 도출하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 빠른 지가상승(地價上昇)이 계속되는 상황에서는 보유과세가 가진 효과들이 나타나기 어려우므로, 토지개발(土地開發) 및 공급(供給)의 확대로 지가상승(地價上昇) 추세(趨勢)를 완화시키는 한편, 양도과세(讓渡課稅)의 기능을 제고(提高)하는 것이 우선적으로 추진되어야 할 과제이며, 토지보유과세(土地保有課稅)의 증가(增加)는 토지정책적(土地政策的) 목적(目的)에서보다는 지방세수(地方稅收)의 확대(擴大)와 같은 목적(目的)을 위해 지속적으로 추구해야 할 정책방향이다. 토지보유과세(土地保有課稅)는 조세저항 등의 부작용을 보아가면서 점진적으로 높여 가되 보다 '좋은' 조세의 특성을 가지도록 개편해 가야 할 것이다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2011

The Seoul Metropolitan Government is striving to minimize the amount of traffic according to the supply of apartment houses along with the solution of housing shortage for the low income people through high density development near the subway area. Therefore, a stronger policy is necessary to control the traffic of the passenger cars in a subway area for the successful high density development focusing on public transportation, and especially, the estimation of the demand of cars with high reliability is necessary to control the demand of parking such as the limited supply of parking lot. Accordingly, this study developed car ownership forecasting model using Look-up Table among category analyses which are easy to be applied and have high reliability. The estimation method using Look-up-Table is possible to be applied to both measurable and immeasurable types, easy to accumulate data, and features the flexible responding depending on the changes of conditions. This study established Look-up-Table model through the survey of geographical location, the scale of housing, the accessible distance to a subway station and to a bus station, the number of bus routes, and the number of car owned with data regarding 242 blocks in Seoul City as subjects.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권3호
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• pp.398-412
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• 2001

본 연구는 삼림법(森林法)(1908)에 규정된 지적신고제도(地籍申告制度)가 일제(日帝)의 식민지(植民地) 임지정책(林地政策)에서 어떠한 역할을 수행하였는가를 밝혀보고자 하는데 목적을 두였다. 지적신고제도(地籍申告制度)는 국유림처분정책의 하나인 부분림제도(部分林制度)의 부속물로써 시작되었다. 인간의 기본권에 해당하는 소유권을 정립시키고자 하는 지적신고제도가 한국민의 관습을 무시하고 소유권구분기준도 마련되지 않은 채 우리하게 강행되었다. 한국민은 지적신고에 대해 임야세(林野稅)를 부과하기 위한 전조(前兆)로써 인식하거나 일본인이 한국의 토지를 수탈한다고 보았다. 이 제도에 따라 신고를 했던 계층은 중산층 이상의 지식층에 속하는 자, 나면관경(那面官更)(경원(更員)) 또는 이들의 친척(親戚), 연고자(緣故者)와 측량(測量)을 담당하는 대행업자(代行業者)들로 매우 한정되었다. 특히 임지가치에 비해 측량경비가 훨씬 많이 소요되었기 때문에 원소유자조차 신고할 수 없었다. 3년간의 신고기간동안 약 52만건 220만정보가 신고 되었으며 마지막 5개월 동안 신고가 집중되었다. 그러나 총독부는 신고기간을 연장하라는 한국민의 요구를 묵살한 채 소유권 사정이나 경계 확정과 같은 후속 조치도 없이 일방적으로 종료하였다. 결국 삼림법 제19조에 따라 신고되지 않은 약 1,400만정보의 임지는 국유화되었다. 총독부의 식민지 임지정책은 (1) 총독부 초기에 대규모 국유림을 창출하고, (2) 창출된 국유림을 요존국유림과 불요존국유림으로 구분하여, (3) 불요존국유림을 일본인 중심으로 처분한다는 것이었다. 일본인에게 불요존국유림(不要存國有林)을 안정적으로 처분하기 위해서는 대량 창출된 국유림에 대한 소유권 변화를 막아야 했다. 이를 위해 일본인에게 양여(讓與)하거나 조림대부(造林貸付)해 준 산림에 대해 원소유자가 소유권을 주장할 경우 총독부는 정해진 기한내에 신고하지 않은 원소유자의 태만을 들어 붙요존림 처분을 정당화하였다. 결론적으로 총독부는 "신고주의원칙"을 통치 초기 대규모 국유림의 창출과 일본인을 중심으로 한 불요존림 처분이라는 식민지 임지정책을 강행하기 위한 족쇄로써 이용하였다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.439-452
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• 2011

본 연구는 토지이용을 둘러싼 정책 환경변화에 따라 우리나라의 토지정책 추진체계의 변화가 필요한 시점에서 지금까지 우리나라 토지정책추진체계를 분석하고 향후 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1960년대 이후부터 최근까지 시대별 유형별로 우리나라 토지정책의 변화에 따라 토지정책의 추진체계가 어떻게 변화하였는지 추이를 살펴보았다. 분석결과 우리나라 토지정책 추진체계의 특징은 첫째, 1960년대 이래 최근까지 대규모 및 신속한 개발을 뒷받침하는 방향으로 정립되어 왔다. 둘째, 경제개발이후 우리나라의 토지정책 추진체계는 영역별로 전문화를 이루어왔지만, 개발과 보전이 조화를 이룰 수 있도록 통합적 관리를 위한 조직체계는 부족했다. 셋째, 토지이용관련 중앙정부의 권한을 지방에 이양 및 토지개발에서 민간 및 주민참여를 확대해왔다. 넷째, 토지와 관련된 정보 관리 목적이 조세징수에서 점차 토지시장 관리, 계획적 토지이용이라는 측면으로 강조점이 변화되어가고 있는데, 계획적 이용과 관리에는 부합하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구의 시사점 및 향후 추진체계의 개편 방향은 첫째, 토지이용을 둘러싼 여건변화 및 외국의 사례를 볼 때 토지수요가 안정화될 가능성이 높으므로, 대규모 개발 중심의 추진체계에서 탈피할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 향후 인구감소 및 기후변화 등으로 토지자원의 효율적 이용 및 보전적 토지이용이 중요해질 것이므로 이에 대응할 수 있는 추진체계가 필요하다. 셋째, 다양한 주체의 참여 확대와 실질적인 역할을 할 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 넷째, 토지정보관리를 통합적 체계적으로 구축할 수 있는 추진체계 정비가 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1985

This study was carried out to determine the optimum size and number of farm machines for various sizes of land coverage of the cooperative farm machinery utilization systems in Korea-namely Saemaul Mechanized Farming Group (SMFG). Fifty-one SMFG were selected from 8 counties in Chonnam province, and ownership, operation and management of farm machinery were surveyed. Annual covered area, cost and the break-even-point area of farm machinery were analyzed on the bases of the surveyed data and the present governmental subsidy policy, and then the optimum level of farm machinery ownership was determined. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The break-even-point areas of the tractors of 22-23ps, 28ps and 47-50ps were estimated as 12.1ha, 15.3ha and 21.6ha, respectively. The optimum size of a tractor for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 22-23ps, 28ps, and 47-50ps, respectively. 2. The break-even-point area of a rice transplanter was estimated as 3.3ha. The optimum numbers of rice transplanter for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 2,3, and 4, respectively. 3. The break-even-point areas of a speed sprayer (attached on power tiller) and a power sprayer were estimated as 114.6ha and 15.3ha, respectively. The optimum numbers of power sprayer for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 2,3 and 4, respectively. A speed sprayer is desirable for an area of more than 30ha coverage. 4. The break-even-point area of a combine was estimated as 10.7ha. The optimum numbers of combine for land sizes of 10-20ha, 20-30ha, and 30-40ha were estimated as 1,2, and 3, respectively.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1965

In this study, the present institution of reserved forests in Korea has been criticized through the analysis of the present situation of reserved forests in Korea, and mainly, on designation and cancellation of them because of this important institution thought as restriction of forest ownership. Reserved forest land in Korea as of the end of 1962 is 996,915 chungbo in area, or about 14.8% of the total forest land area, 6,750,324 chungbo in Korea, and we can find that the area of reserved forest land has increased remarkably since the Liberation in 1945, in comparison with about 180,000 chungbo-a little over 1% of the total forest land area, 16,000,000 chungbo, through Southern and Northern Korea till the Liberation in 1945. This fact clearly proves that Korean forests are extremely devastated since the Liberation in 1945, and in Korea we can find that reserved forest policy is very important in forest policy, consequently, reserved forest institution must be dealt with care. Moreover, the area of reserved forest land, 996,915 chungbo, which is divided into 43,820 chungbo of national forest land, 59,302 chungbo of public forest land, 893,793 chungbo of private forest land, and private forest land is excellently large, or about 89.7% of the total area of reserved forest land. In this number, we may understand the fact that reserved forests have the most influences on private forests, therefore, we may recognize that it is necessary for reserved forest constitution which is infringement of private right to be carried out carefully. From the first beginning, the institution of reserved forests is serious restriction to the forest ownership. Consequently, when the area of reserved forest land grows, it interferes seriously with the free forest management and the desire for forest own ership is decreased, at the same time, forest enterprise results in obstruction. Especially, Korean forests are destroyed extremely at present, so, intensification of reserved forest institution is unavoidable for completion of the national aim which forests have, but the author thinks that reserved forest institution must be as avoidable as possible, and we have to obtain good results by supervision of forest management which is regulated in the Forest Law. Consequently, designation of reserved forests must be minimized, and although forests were already designated as reserved forests they must be cancellated as fast as fast as possible and put them free in the owner's hands when they are in cancellation conditions. According to the provision of Article 18 of the Forest Law concrete cases designated as a reserved forest are enumerated for the purpose of maintaining the forest ownership and avoiding to give the forest authorities a free hand in order to protect forest owners from one-sided damage. Therefore, the forest authorities must not abuse the institution of reserved forests, and it is not good tendency to give only the authorities a free hand in eesignation and cancellation of reserved forests, and especially, when the forest owners object to that, establishing some legal organization like the reserved forest council in each province in order to hear about impartial opinions, and it is more suitable than administrative disposal by the same organization. The compensation of damages for reserved forests by the provision of Article 25 of the Forest Law is a different problem by forest policy, but the results of compensation of damages regulated in the Forest Law are wholly lacking up to now, the author thinks that this is caused to poor forest cover, the forest owner's unconcern and insincerity of administrative authorities. Therefore, the government must enlarge the range of compensation and minimize the forest owner's economic sacrifice, also, the government must mollify the conditions of the legal restrictions to reserved forests, and harmonize with functions of national conservation and economy. This means that it is necessary to modify the restrictive conditions for the effective utilization of forest resources within the range in which can be attained the purpose of designation, from permanent prohibition of cutting. Except the reserved forests of fish habitat, public sanitation, maintaining scenery and navigational mark ect., most of reserved forests are prohibited from cutting, and the present situation of forests in Korea are extremely devastated and those forests are not so expected in cancellation possibility in near future. Therefore, when the forest owners apply for national purchase of those reserved forests, the government had better nationalize them, protect and manage to reduce the forest owner's economic sacrifice.