• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2003

Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of the Luciola lateralis were investigated at various temperatures. The development time of eggs, larvae, and pupae were shorter at higher temperatures than at lower ones. The insect did not develop at 10$^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$. The hatchability was 61.5% at 15$^{\circ}C$, 73.9% at 20$^{\circ}C$, 93.3% at 23$^{\circ}C$, 91.8% at 25$^{\circ}C$, 74.0% at 27$^{\circ}C$, and 46.0% at 30$^{\circ}C$, indicating the best hatchability rate at the temperature condition of 23 DC. Larval periods were 341.5:t 23.2 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 265.5${\pm}$17.5 days at 20$^{\circ}C$, and 250.9${\pm}$11.7 days at 25$^{\circ}C$. Pupal periods were 94.7${\pm}$11.5 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 41.7${\pm}$9.1 days at 20$^{\circ}C$, and 18.5${\pm}$7A days at 25$^{\circ}C$. Emergence rate was 23.3, 89.3 and 80.7%, respectively at the above temperatures. Adult longevity of female was 18.0 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 2004 days at 20$^{\circ}C$, 10.7 days at 25$^{\circ}C$, and 5.8 days at 30$^{\circ}C$. Mean fecundity per female was higher at 20$^{\circ}C$ compared with at other temperatures. The developmental zero point temperatures (1) and the total effect temperatures (I<) of egg, larva, pupa, and complete development were 10.6, 14.0, and l3.1$^{\circ}C$ and 214.8, 1,564.8, and 229.2 degree-days, respectively. Mean generation time in days (T) was shorter at higher temperature. Net reproductive rate per generation (Ra) was the lowest at the highest temperature as well as at the lowest, and it was 177.19 which was the highest at 23$^{\circ}C$. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r$\sub$m/) was highest at 27$^{\circ}C$ as 0.019. As a result, optimum range of temperature for L. lateralis growth was between 20-25$^{\circ}C$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the climbing up event of Luciola lateralis larvae and water temperature. In the laboratory condition, the larvae did not come out of water at constant temperature condition of 19.3${\pm}$$0.3^{\circ}C$ and tried to climb up at varying temperature condition of 20${\sim}$$22^{\circ}C$ (mean temperature 20.9${\pm}$$0.9^{\circ}C$) without success. However, they climbed up at constant temperature condition of 20.8${\pm}$$0.6^{\circ}C$. The frequency of the larval climbing up was highest as 63.6% at 20${\sim}$$21^{\circ}C$. The most larvae climbed up at approximately $21^{\circ}C$ of average daily water temperature, In the natural condition, the larvae climbed up at 19.8${\sim}$$21.7^{\circ}C$ and the frequency of the larval climbing up was high as 80.4% at 20${\sim}$$21^{\circ}C$. The larval climbing up was also little observed at 19${\sim}$$20^{\circ}C$ at which no larval climbing up was found in the laboratory experiment. No larvae attempted to climb up when water temperature was below $19^{\circ}C$ and above $22^{\circ}C$. It took 18 days from climbing up of larvae to appearance of adults. In its habitat, the range of water temperature required for larvae to climb up is assumed to be 19.6${\sim}$$21.8^{\circ}C$ and the most suitable water temperature may be 20.4${\pm}$$2.3^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the range of water temperature required for larvae to climb up is assumed to be 19.8${\sim}$$21.7^{\circ}C$, and the suitable water temperature range for larvae may be 20${\sim}$$21^{\circ}C$, and the most suitable temperature is thought to be $21^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1728-1732
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the bionomical characteristics of Luciola lateralis in Korea. Imago's longevity of female was $17.5{\pm}0.7$ and male was $20.6{\pm}1.0$ days at $23^{\circ}C$, R.H. 80%, and significant difference was not occurred in breeding density. Pre-oviposition period was a pair $2.8{\pm}1.5$, two pairs $2.5{\pm}1.5$, three pairs $1.7{\pm}0.7$, four pairs $1.3{\pm}0.5$ days and pre-oviposition period was shorten in higher breeding density. The mean of laying eggs was $248.9{\pm}80.7$, was not related breeding density. Daily oviposition rate was 1st day 20.8%, 2nd 17.3%, 3rd 14.3%, 4th 12.7%, 5th 7.0%, the rate was highest in 1st day and gradually reduced. Egg period was $21.8{\pm}0.7$ days and hatchability was $95.5{\pm}4.8%$. Larval instar was identified the 9th instar, the evidence was able to its skin and marking pattern. Larval period of each instar was 1st $1.0{\pm}0.1$, 2nd $3.3{\pm}0.2$, 3rd $10.2{\pm}1.0$, 4th $6.8{\pm}0.5$, 5th $6.9{\pm}2.0$, 6th $15.4{\pm}4.1$, 7th $18.3{\pm}5.9$, 8th $25.8{\pm}8.7$, 9th $31.2{\pm}13.2$ days. Matured 9th larva was made of cocoon during $2.8{\pm}0.8$ days and pre-pupal, pupal period was $4.6{\pm}0.9$, $5.6{\pm}0.7$ days. Imago was made hard hind wing during $3.8{\pm}0.4$ days in cocoon and come out.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 2014

Seasonal changes in the firefly (Luciola lateralis) were studied in the laboratory to understand biological characteristics. Fecundity varies with seasons; these were measures at $162.0{\pm}8.67$ in the winter, $226.9{\pm}15.84$ in the spring and $166.6{\pm}9.3$ in the summer. Seasonal change also influenced oviposition period ($6.9{\pm}0.59$ days in the winter, $16.1{\pm}1.10$ days in the spring and $8.2{\pm}0.61$ days in the summer). The firefly oviposited every $2.5{\pm}0.22$ days in the winter, $3.9{\pm}0.25$ days in the spring, and $2.3{\pm}0.14$ days in the summer. Oviposition occurred 3 times in the winter, and 4 times in the spring and summer. The number of eggs per cycle was $52.2{\pm}4.56$ and $55.9{\pm}4.38$ in winter and spring, respectively, and was lower in the summer ($42.2{\pm}3.76$). Egg period significantly differed among seasons. The life span of the firefly was $17.9{\pm}0.14$ days in the winter, $19.7{\pm}0.25$ days in the spring and $16.5{\pm}0.43$ days in the summer.