• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 1998

Sexual maturation and reproductive cycle of the goldeye rockfish, Sebastes thompsoni were investigated under photomicroscopy. Samples were collected monthly in the coastal water of Samcheonpo ($34^{\circ}55'N$ ), Korea from November 1995 to October 1996, The ovary consists of several ovarian lamellae originated from ovarian outer membrane. Oogonia which are originated from the inner surface of the ovarian lamella protrude to the ovarian cavity in oocyte stage, and they ave suspended by the egg stalk. The testis is seminiferous tubule type in internal structure. Seminiferous tubule consists of many testicular cysts which contain numerous germ cells in same developmental stage. Biological minimum size of female and male were 19.5 cm and 21.5 cm in total length, respectively. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female was the highest (9.56) in March and the lowest (0.15) in August. GSI of male was the highest (0.25) in February and the lowest (0.04) in July. Reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive stages: in female, growing (October and November), maturation ( $December\~February$), gestation (March), parturition and recovery ($April\~June$) and resting ($July\~September$), and in male, growing ($September\~November$), maturation ( December and January), ripe and copulation ( February and March) and degeneration and resting ($April\~August$).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Using stereo, light, and scanning electron microscopes, we researched the anatomical and histological structure of Chaenogobius gulosus's olfactory organ and compared it to those of sympatric gobies Luciogobius guttatus and Favonigobius gymnauchen. Results revealed the following common characteristics: i) tubular anterior nostril (AN) and flat posterior nostril (PN), ii) a single longitudinal lamella, iii) two accessory nasal sacs (ANS, ethmoidal and lacrimal), iv) abundant sensory epithelium lymphatic cells (LC), v) an eosinophil cell, and vi) a ciliary length a quarter of the knob diameter in the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN). Some characteristics are specific to C. gulosus and different from the other two gobies: i) 0.5~1.0 mm AN and 0.2~0.5 mm PN (vs. 0.2~0.3 mm and 0.2~0.3 mm in L. guttatus; 0.2~0.4 mm and 0.1~0.3 mm in F. gymnauchen), ii) two ANS (vs. absence in L. guttatus; two in F. gymnauchen), iii) abundant LC (vs. low in L. guttatus and F. gymnauchen), iv) low density non-sensory cilia on the lamellar surface (vs. high in L. guttatus; low in F. gymnauchen), and v) a quarter ciliary length to knob diameter ratio in the ORN (vs. mixture of a quarter to equal ratio in L. guttatus; two or three times in F. gymnauchen). From these results, we confirmed the C. gulosus olfactory organ has adapted anatomically and histologically to the sand-rock tidal zone.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2022

Through scientific analysis, this study identified the material characteristics of metal foil decorating the border line and knotting of the National Folklore Cultural Heritage 'Pouch for the Sutra Embroidered with a Sun and Moon Design'. Through Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy results, it was estimated that silver (Ag) and sulfur (S) were present in the metal foil, and silver leaf was also attached to the medium. S may discolor Ag from yellow to black depending on its concsentration and contact time. Yellow color could not be identified in metal foil at present. But there existed an example of the preparation of a gold-colored flat silver thread; therefore, further research is needed to estimate the original color. The lamella was reddish brown on the back. Aluminum, silicon, and iron were also detected and were the main components found in red soil. This is believed to be the red adhesive in traditional flat gold thread and is considered to be an adhesive-related component of the metal foil. From the gas chromatography mass spectrometry results, the adhesive component was confirmed to be animal glue.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2018

The cesium (Cs) removal from the contaminated water system has been considered to be difficult because the cesium likes to exist as soluble phases such as ion and complexes than the solid in water system. Many researches have focused on developing the breakthrough adsorbent to increase the cesium removal efficiency in water. In this study, the laboratory scale experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of the adsorption process using the bamboo charcoal for the Cs contaminated water system. The Cs removal efficiency of the bamboo charcoal were measured and the optimal adsorption conditions were determined by the adsorption batch experiments. Total 5 types of commercialized bamboo charcoals in Korea were used to identify their surface properties from SEM-EDS and XRD analyses and 3 types of bamboo charcoals having large specific surface areas were used for the adsorption batch experiment. The batch experiments to calculate the Cs removal efficiency were performed at conditions of various Cs concentration (0.01 - 10 mg/L), pH (3 - 11), temperature ($5-30^{\circ}C$), and adsorption time (10 - 120 min.). Experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm curve and their adsorption constants were determined to understand the adsorption properties of bamboo charcoal for Cs contaminated water system. From results of SEM-EDS analyses, the surfaces of bamboo charcoal particles were composed of typical fiber structures having various pores and dense lamella structures in supporting major adsorption spaces for Cs. From results of adsorption batch experiments, the Cs-133 removal efficiency of C type bamboo charcoal was the highest among those of 3 bamboo charcoal types and it was higher than 75 % (maximum of 82 %) even when the initial Cs concentration in water was lower than 1.0 mg/L, suggesting that the adsorption process using the bamboo charcoal has a great potential to remove Cs from the genuine Cs contaminated water, of which Cs concentration is low (< 1.0 mg/L) in general. The high Cs removal efficiency of bamboo charcoal was maintained in a relatively wide range of temperatures and pHs, supporting that the usage of the bamboo charcoal is feasible for various types of water. Experimental results were similar to the Langmuir adsorption model and the maximum amount of Cs adsorption (qm:mg/g) was 63.4 mg/g, which was higher than those of commercialized adsorbents used in previous studies. The surface coverage (${\theta}$) of bamboo charcoal was also maintained in low when the Cs concentration in water was < 1.0 mg/L, investigating that the Cs contaminated water can be remediated up with a small amount of bamboo charcoal.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-118
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• 1992

The research was carried out to examine the chronic toxic effects of nitrite on the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica by neans of histological observations. Young eel, 10.8g mean body weight. were exposed to 6 different concentrations of nitrite(1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40ppm) for 10 weeks. Each concentration was treated under 5 different levels of pH(5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5) and each of these treatment was tested at 2 different temperature regimes($25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$). Proper concentration of nitrite was made by $NaNO_2$ and proper pH levels were made by the combinations of 0.1M $KH_2PO_4$ and 0.1M $NaHCO_3$. Histopathological test of gill tissues were made along with the test of the formation of thrombocystes and chloride cells on the gill filaments. At the lower pH levels, mucus secretion from the gill was incrased as the nitrite concentration increased. As the level of nitrite increased the number of chloride cells on the gill filament were decreased. Most of the remained chloride cells were observed only at the terminar part of the gill filament at 40ppm of nitrite. Degeneration of gill tissues were observed when nitrite levels were over 10ppm along with detachement and sweption of the epithelial cells of the gill lamellae. Shrunken gill lamellae and formation of thrombosis in the capillaries of gill lamellae were also observed. When temperature goes higher at the higher level of nitrite, necroses in the gill lamellae was increased. At the lower than 10ppm of nitrite, degeneration of gill lamellae was occured at the beginning of the test period but regenerated later. Negative effects of nitrite on the growth of young eel was started between 5~10ppm at the pH level of 7.0 and 7.5. Thrombosis formation were also started at this level. The safety concentration of nitrite at the pH levels of 7.0 and 7.5 on the small eel seems to be 1ppm. Thrombosis and gill lamella detachment and necrosis in the gill capillaries were not observed at this level. Chloride cells were appeared the whole part of the gill filament.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.227-244
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• 2010

Abundant spinel lherzolite xenoliths showing distinctively different textural types such as protogranular, porphyroclastic, and mylonitic texture are trapped in the basaltic rocks from southeastern part of Jeju Island. These xenoliths show the textural spectrum from coarse-grained protogranular through porphyroclastic with bimodal grain size to fine-grained and foliated mylonitic texture. They tend to decrease in grain sizes and show more linear grain boundaries and more frequent triple junctions from protogranular through porphyroclastic to mylonitic. Spinel has different occurrence mode according the textural type. Spinel is always associated with orthopyroxene in protogranular texture, whereas it is scattered and independent of orthopyroxene in mylonitic texture. Additionally, porphyroblast from porphyroclastic and mylonitic textures has internal deformation features such as kink band, undulatory extinction and curved lamella, whereas neoblast is strain-free. These textural features indicate increasing degree of static/dynamic recrystallization from protogranular through porphyroclastic to mylonitic texture. The mg#[$=100{\times}Mg/(Mg+Fe_t)$] of olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene is relatively constant (ol: 88-91; opx: 89-92; cpx: 89-92) regardless of textural differences. The mg# of constituent minerals, NiO content (0.3~0.4 wt%) and MnO content (0.1~0.2 wt%) of olivine are similar to those of mantle xenoliths worldwide, also indicating that studied spinel lherzolite xenoliths were mantle residues having experienced 20~25% partial melting. The geochemical and textural characteristics have close relations showing that LREE and incompatible trace elements content of orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene increases from protogranular through porphyroclastic to mylonitic. These observations suggest that the studied mantle xenoliths experienced metasomatism by LREE enriched melt or fluid after partial melting, indicating a close relation between deformation and metasomatism. The metasomatism was possibly confined to narrow shear zones from where porphyroclastic and mylonitic textured xenoliths originated. These shear zones might favorably drive the percolation of LREE-enriched melts/fluids responsible for the metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle below the Jeju Island.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1991

Histopathological changes and methemoglobinemia of the eels (Anguilla japonica) reared at six culture farms in the vicinity of Y$\check{o}$su city were investigated under the conditions of $22.0{\sim}29^{\circ}C$, 4.33~7.33ppm of D.O., pH 6.1~8.2 and 0.03~10.1ppm of nitrite from December, 1989 to June, 1990. All of the eels showed no any abnormal state in action, color and blood, but the eels reared in pH 6.0 had planty of mucus and stickiness on their body surface. Methemoglobin levels were 1.03~9.86% of total erythrocyes in Dec. and 5.05~25.69% in June, and poikilocyte levels were 5.8~30.17% in Dec. and 8.67~74.45% in June. These results indicate the fact that the water management of the culture farms was worse in summer than in winter, even though not good in winter. Hypertrophy was found in the gill, hepatic and kidney tissue of the eels in all the culture farms. In March and June, Fish of all culture farms appeared the detachment of gill lamella epithelium cells, pyknosis and sinusoids of nucleus in the hepatic tissue and hemosiderosis in the kidney tissue. The trend of increase in methemoglobin levels appeared in the fish of culture farms with high nitrite concentration, which didn't appear equally in all the culture farms. However, in the culture farms of pH 6.0, methemoglobin and poikilocyte levels were increased independently of concentration of nitrite, and degeneration in the tissue of the gill, liver and kidney was also appeared.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate histomorphometrically and compare the efficiency of various bone graft material and autogenous tooth bone graft material which were used in sinus bone graft procedure. Subjects were the 24 patients who had treated with sinus bone graft using lateral approach from October 2007 to September 2009 at SNUBH. The average age was $52.51{\pm}11.86$ years. All cases was taken after 4month of procedure and divided into 3 groups according to bone graft material. Group 1: autogenous tooth bone graft material, Group 2: OrthoblastII(integra lifescience corp. Irvine, US)+Biocera(Osscotec, seoul, korea), group 3: DBX(Synthes, USA)+BioOss(Geistlich Pharm AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland). Total 37 implant placement area were included and evaluated(7 in group 1, 10 in group 2, 20 in group 3). Evaluation of new bone formation, ratio of woven bone to lamellar bone, ratio of new bone to graft material were performed on each tissue section. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis(SPSS Ver. 12.0, USA). New bone formation were $52.5{\pm}10.7%$ in group 1, $52.0{\pm}23.4%$ in group 2, $51.0{\pm}18.3%$ in group 3. There were no statistical significant differences between each groups. Ratio of woven bone to lamella bone were $82.8{\pm}15.3%$ in group 1, $36.7{\pm}59.3%$ in group 2, $31.0{\pm} 51.2%$ in group 3. Ratio of new bone to graft material were $81.3{\pm}10.4%$ in group 1, $72.5{\pm}28.8%$ in group 2, $80.3{\pm}24.0%$ in group 3. After 4 month of healing period, all group showed favorable new bone formation and around graft material and implant. Within limitation of our study, it is suggested that autogenous tooth bone graft material might be used as novel bone graft material for sinus bone graft.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 1993

This study was taken to examine the light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of gill and kidney of female tilapia{Oreochromis niloticus) adapted in 0%o, 10%o, 20%o, and 30%o salt concentrations, respectively, by light, scanning and transmission electron microscope. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: Gill chloride cell hyperplasia, gill lamellar epithelial separation, kidney glomerular shrinkage, blood congestion in kidneys and deposition of hyalin droplets in kidney glomeruli, tubules were the histological alterations in Oreochromis niloticus. Incidence and severity of gill chloride cell hyperplasia rapidly increased together with increase of salinity, and the number of chloride cells in gill lamellae rapidly increased in response to high external NaCl concentrations. The ultrastructure by scanning electron microscope(SEM) indicated that the gill secondary lamella of tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to seawater, were characterized by rough convoluted surfaces during the adaptation. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) indicated that mitochondria in chloride cells exposed to seawater, were both large and elongate and contained well-developed cristae. TEM also showed the increased chloride cells exposed to seawater. The presence of two mitochondria-rich cell types is discussed with regard to their possible role in the hypoosmoregulatory changes which occur during seawater-adaptation. Most Oreochromis niloticus adapted in seawater had an occasional glomerulus completely filling Bowman's capsule in kidney, and glomerular shrinkage was occurred higher in kidney tissues of individuals living in 10%o, 20%o, 30%o of seawater than in those living in 0%o of freshwater, and blood congestion was occurred severer in kidney tissues of individuals living 20%o, 30%o of seawater than in those living in 10%o of seawater. There were decreases in the glomerular area and the nuclear area in the main segments of the nephron, and that the nuclear areas of the nephron cells in seawater-adapted tilapia were of smaller size than those from freshwater-adapted fish. Our findings demonstrated that Oreochromis niloticus tolerated moderately saline environment and the increased body weight living in 30%o was relatively higher than that living in 10%o in spite of histopathological changes.