• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 1988

Transcriptional rate of lactate dehydrogenase A-gene(LDH-A) during the prereplicative phase of regenerating rat liver was determined by in vitro run-off transcription assay. The results show that the transcription rate of LDH A-gene increases between 12 hours and 15 hours peaking at 13 hours after partial hepatectomy of rat liver. The increased rate of LDH A-gene transcription was interfered after DL-propranolol treatment intraperitoneally injected twice at 1 hour and 8 hours after partial hepatectomy indicating that the transcriptional control of LDH A-gene expression may be mediated by beta adrenergic receptor and cAMP as a second messenger. And also was it shown that the temporally increased rate of LDH A-gene transcription was maximum one hour after the second cAMP-surge which is known to play an important role for the initiation of DNA replication during regeneration of rat liver. And the transcriptional rate of LDH A-gene was decreased to the basal level at the time period when the hepatocytes proliferate rapidly suggesting that the induced LDH Aisozyme may be required for the initiation of DNA replication during regeneration of rat liver. These data may be supporting for the hypothesis suggesting that the induced LDH A-isozyme during the pre-replicative phase of regenerating rat liver may play bifunctional roles as a glycolytic enzyme and a helix destablizing protein as well.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.350-355
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• 2004

Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay is a rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive method for measuring cell proliferation and chemosensitivity. However, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay is generally used to measure cytototoxicity of infectious microorganisms against host cells. In this study, we investigated the possibility of applying the SRB assay to determine cytotoxicity for infectious microorganisms, and compared the results with those obtained by the LDH release assay. We used Vibrio vulnificus as a model of infectious microorganisms. The SRB assay showed that V vulnificus strongly induced cytotoxic activity against human intestinal cells, Caco-2 and INT-407 cells. The degree of cytotoxicity closely correlated with infection time and number ratios of V. vulnificus to intestinal cells (MOI, multiplicity of infection). Furthermore, cytotoxicity values obtained by SRB assay correlated well with results obtained by the LDH release assay, and both assays gave a linear response with respect to MOI Heat-inactivation of V. vulnificus for 35 min at $60^{\circ}C$ did not induce cytotoxic activity, indicating that viability of V. vulnificus is crucial for cytotoxic activity against intestinal cells. Although both assays are suitable as cytotoxicity endpoints, the SRB assay is recommended for measuring cytotoxicity of infectious microorganisms against host cells because of its significantly lower cost and more stable endpoint than the LDH release assay.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.343-347
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• 2002

In order to darify the neuroprotective effect of Gamibojungikki-tang(GBJIKT) water extract on cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron damaged by glucose Oxidase (GO), NR (Neutral Red) assay and LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) activity assay were carried out after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were preincubated with various concentrations of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of GO. Cell viability of cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons exposed to various concentrations of GO for 8 hours was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. NR/sub 50/ values were 50 mU/ml GO. Cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons in the medium containing various concentration of GO for 8 hours showed increasing of LDH activity. We knew that GO was toxic on cultured spinal sensory neurons. Pretreatment of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours following GO prevented the GO-induced neurotoxicity such as increasing of LDH activity. These results suggest that GO shows toxic effect on cultured spinal sensory neurons and GBJIKT water extract is highly effective in proecting the neurotoxicity induced by GO.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2000

Objectives and Methods : In order to elucidate toxic mechanism of myocardial damage and protective effect of myrrha water extract against cytotoxic effect of xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine(XO/HX), cardioprotective effect of myrrha water extract was examined by MTT assay, LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) activity and heart beating rate after cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal mouse were treated with various concentration of XO/HX, a free radical. Results : XO/HX induced a decrease of cell viability, an increase in the amount of LDH, and a decrease of heart beating rate on cultured myocardial cells in a dose-dependent manner. In cardioprotective effect of myrrha water extract, it showed a decrease in the amount of LDH and an increase of heart beating rate on cultured myocardial cells damaged by XO/HX. Conclusions : From the above results, it is suggested that XO/HX showed toxic effect in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal mouse and that myrrha water extract is very effective in the prevention of XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2000

To study the effects of Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) on oxygen free radical-mediated damage by hydrogen peroxide $(H_{2}O_{2})$ on cultured spinal sensory neurons, in vitro assays such as MTT assay, NR assay, neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay (EIA), sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, assay for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and assay for lipid peroxidation were used in cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons derived from mice, Spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons were cultured in media containing various concentrations of $H_{2}O_{2}$ for 5 hours, after which the neurotoxic effect of $H_{2}O_{2}$ was measured by in vitro assay. The protective effect of the herb extract, Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity was also examined. The results are as follows. 1. In NR assay and MTT assay, $H_{2}O_{2}$ significantly decreased the cell viability of cultured mouse spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons according to exposure concentration in these cultures. An additional time course study was done on these cultures. 2. Cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons which were exposed to various concentrations of $H_{2}O_{2}$ showed a quantitative decrease of neuronal cells by EIA and of total protein by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, while they showed an increase of both lipid peroxidation and LDH activity. 3. The effect of Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) on $H_{2}O_{2}$ induced neurotoxicity showed a quantitative increase in both neurofilament and total protein, but showed a decrease of lipid peroxidation and LDH activity. These results suggest that $H_{2}O_{2}$ has a neurotoxic effect on cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons from mice and that the herb extract, Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU), was very effective in protecting $H_{2}O_{2}$ induced neurotoxicity by decreasing lipid peroxidation and LDH activity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2003

Objectives : Coptidis rhizoma (CR) is an oriental medicine that has been used in many traditional prescriptions against diabetes mellitus in Korea for centuries. Our purpose was to determine the protective effect and its action mechanism of CR on the cytotoxicity of pancreatic -cell line (RINm5F cell). Methods : In this experiment, we used methods such as MTT assay for detection of cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation assay for detection of apoptotic cell death, LDH activity assay for detection of necrotic cell death, and measurement of $DiOC_{6}$ (3) retention for detection of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Background : Nitric oxide (NO) is believed to playa key role in the process of pancreatic -cell destruction leading to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Results : Exposure of RINm5F cells to chemical NO donor such as S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) induced cytotoxic events such as DNA fragmentation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into medium. However, pretreatment of RINm5F cells with CR extract ($10~50{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$) for 3 hours prevented SNAP-induced DNA fragmentation and LDH release into medium through the inhibition of MMP disruption. Conclusions : These results suggest that CR may be a candidate for a therapeutic or preventing agent against IDDM.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1998

In the present study, we have evaluated cytotoxic effects of the chloroform soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of Perilla frutescens in human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells. The light microscopic study showed morphological changes of the treated cells. Cell membrane damaging activity was measured by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and disruptions in cell organelles were determined by 3-(4,5-dime-thylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red (NR) and sulforhodamine protein B (SRB) of colorimetric assay. These results suggest that Perilla frutescens retains a potential antitumor activity.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

The 90% methanol extracts of eight magnoliaceae plants were collected and tested the cytotoxicity against SK-OV-3 and SiHa cells. Also six pure compounds such as magnonol, honokiol, dihydroxybiphenyl ether, linodenine, anonaine, asimilobine which were previously isolated from Magnolia obovata Thunb. were evaluated the cytotoxicities and their mechanism study using the Lactate dehydrogenase assay(LDH) and FACScan analysis system. Of the tested six compounds, magnonol, honokiol, dihydroxybiphenyl ether showed high cytotoxicities against human cancer cell lines, SK-OV-3 and SiHa cells. In addition, one of the plausible mechanisms of their antitumor activities suggested that they could induce the early stage of apoptosis. For the quantitative analysis, the methanol extractives were fractionated with chloroform, ethylacetate, $H_2O$ and then the ethylacetate fraction was chromatographed on silica gel using n-Hexane ; Acetone(4:1, v/v) as eluent. This fraction was subjected for the quantitative analysis in the HPLC system. The result suggested that the methanol extractives of Magnolia obovata Thunb. contained with magnonol, honokiol, dihydroxybiphenyl ether, 0.9%, 0.3% and 0.24%, respectively.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.242-244
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• 1995

In vitro cell culture system has been proposed as a promising alternative model to in vivo skin irritation test. These studies were performed to screen the cytotoxicity effects of surfactants using normal human skin fibroblasts. Cell membrane integrity assessed by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial integrity by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromides reduction test were affected in a dose dependent manner. The irritation potential of surfactants to human skin patch test, and the changes of capillary permeability by rabbit intradermal safety test were assessed as in vivo methods. Our results suggest that LDH leakage assay and MTT reduction test using cultured human fibroblasts could be predictive for the irritancy of various surfactants in human, and LDH assay is superior correlated with in vivo test (r=0.886) to MTT test with in vivotest (r=0.757).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 1999

In our previous studies, we reported that hybridoma B-lymphocytes can be used to determine the virulence of Listeria species in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Here, we examined the cytopathic effect, i.e., membrane damage and the nature of cell death induced by Listeria monocytogenes on murine hybridoma B-lymphocytes (Ped-2E9). Membrane damage was assessed by microscopic analyses and by measuring the release of intracellular alkaline phosphatase(AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Cell death was determined by DNA fragmentation analyses using agarose gel electrophoresis. Infection by listeriolysin O (LLO)-producing L. monocytogenes strains induced substantial amounts of AP and LDH release from Ped-2E9 hybridoma B-cells, suggesting severe membrane damage in these cells, while an LLO-negative L. monocytogenes mutant strain had no effect. An LLO-producing recombinant L. innocua ($prifA^+hly^+$) strain also induced high AP and LDH release and cytopathic changes in Ped-2E9 cells. Light or scanning electron microscopic examination revealed L. monocytogenes mediated membrane destabilization, pore formation, intense cytoplasmic granulation, bleb formation, and lysis of Ped-2E9 cells. LLO-producing L. monocytogenes and L. innocua ($prifA^{+}hly{^}+$) also induced ladder-like DNA fragmentation in Ped-2E9 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that L. monocytogenes, specifically LLO-producing strains, can induce a severe cytopathic effect leading to apoptosis in hybridoma B-lymphocytes (Ped-2E9).