• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.156-164
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• 2002

In the present study, we tried to investigate whether polymerized basic amino acid e.g. poly-L-lysine (PLL) which has the degree of polymerization under 50mer significantly affects the physiological and stimulated mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial cells. Confluent primary hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with $^3{H}$-glucosamine for 24 hr and chased for 30 min in the presence of either PLLs or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and PLL to assess the effects on basic or ATP-stimulated $^3{H}$-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of PLLs were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from HTSE cel1s during treatment. The results were as follows: PLLs significantly inhibited basic mucin release from cultured HTSE cells in a dose-dependent manner from the range of 46mer to 14mer; PLL 46mer significantly inhibited the stimulated mucin release by ATP from cultured HTSE cells; there was no significant release of LDH from cultured HTSE cells during treatment. We conclude that PLLs inhibit both physiological and stimulated mucin release from airway epithelial cells without significant cytotoxicity and PLL lost its activity under the range of 14mer. This finding suggests that polymer of basic amino acid like PLL might function as a regulator for hypersecretion of mucus manifested in various respiratory diseases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2012

Stamens of Mesua ferrea L. are a well-known herbal drug used in Indian System of Traditional Medicine to treat various diseases. The claimed activity of this plant part is necessitated to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Authenticated plant sample was extracted with hexane, ethanol (EtOH) and water (aq.) using ASE 100 accelerated solvent extractor. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by means of different in vitro assays. Hepatoprotective effect was investigated on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver slice culture model. Cytotoxic marker lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in culture medium and the activity of lipid peroxidation along with antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were estimated. Hexane and EtOH extracts were significantly inhibited DPPH, NO, SOD and $ABTS^+$ radical in dose dependent manner. The trade of phenol content was: aq. extract < hexane extract < EtOH extract. A significant correlation was shown by total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of extracts. The culture system treated with hexane extract, EtOH extract or ascorbic acid exhibited significant depletion in LDH, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. Hexane extract and EtOH extracts of stamen of M. ferrea protected liver slice culture cells by alleviating oxidative stress induced damage to liver cells.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated antibacterial activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory effect of the methanol extract and its fractions from Paeoniae Radix. In antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, the ethyl acetate fraction showed stronger antibacterial activity than other fractions and the extract. Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction showed strong nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. However, in NO scavenging ability, the chloroform fraction was higher than the other fractions and the extract. In the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against RAW 264.7 cell, the extract and fractions were exhibited normal LDH release level as nontoxic result without the ehtyl acetate fraction of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction of the methanol extract from Paeoniae Radix could be applicable to functional materials for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory related fields, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the feeding Cordyceps militaris extract on the improvement of the free fatty acid, lipid peroxide, creatinine and enzyme (creatine phosphokinase; CPK, lactate dehydrogenase; LDH, alkaline phosphatase; ALP, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT) activities in the sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of free fatty acid, lipid peroxide and CPK, LDH, ALP activities in sera were fairly reduced in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration group (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). However, no significance was found in the effect of an creatinine concentration among the groups. The LCAT activity in serum was increased in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). From these results, Cordyceps militaris extracts were effective on the improvement of the lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium, the cytoprotective effect of phenolic compounds against hexavalent chromium-induced cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell adhesion ability, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, and morphological changes of cells were examined. Methods : We measured the cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium with 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT), 2,3-bis-[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT), LDH and DPPH methods. Results : The cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium($IC_{50}$, $44.0-51.0{\mu}M$) was high according to the toxic criteria. Cytoprotective effect of phenolic compounds against $IC_{50}$ value of hexavalent chromium in cell morphology increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid may be used as a cytoprotective agent against chromium(IV)-mediated cytotoxicity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2011

Alcohol abuse and its medical and social consequences are a major health problem in many areas of the world. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been traditionally used for the treatment of liver disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of KRG against hepatotoxicity in Sprague- Dawley rats treated with ethanol (EtOH). Administration of EtOH for 20 days induced significant changes in serum biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and glucose) accompanied by histological changes in the liver tissue. Treatment with KRG prior to administration of EtOH inhibited the EtOH-induced biochemical and histological changes of the liver. In perfused rat livers, administration of EtOH caused an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the perfusate and activated the pro-apoptotic Bax protein but inhibited the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Pretreatment with KRG prior to administration of EtOH decreased the EtOH-induced LDH release and inhibition of Bcl-2 protein. These results suggest that KRG exerts anti-apoptotic effects and alleviated EtOH-induced liver injury in rats.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.996-1001
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• 2003

It is well known that oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species(ROS) may be a causative factor in the pathogenesis of bone disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of oxidative stress. Cell viability by MTS assay or INT assay, activity of glutathione peroxidase(GPx), lipid peroxidation(LPO) activity and cell viablity. And also protctive effect of glutamate receptors against ROS-induced osteotoxicity was examined by protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in cultured rat osteoblasts and osteoclasts. XO/HX decreased cell viability and GPx activity, protein synthesis and ALP activity, but increased LPO activity and LDH activity. In the protective effect, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists or AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists such as D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), 7-chlorokynurenic acid (CKA), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), NMDA receptor antagonists but AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists showed protective effect on xanthine oxidase (XO) and hypoxanthine (HX) in these cultures by the increse of protein synthesis, ALP activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.162-166
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• 1996

This study was done to investigate whether cholic acid derivatives have anti-stress activity and what is a cause of this anti-stress effect. Seven cholic acid derivatives (cholic acid, taurocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxychoic acid, chenodeoxy cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid) were used, silymarin and valproic acid were used as positive controls. Stress was induced by restraint immobilization technique plus water immersion (24hrs) and adrenal weight, spleen weight, adrenal ascorbic acid, serum cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), adrenal cholesterol, glucose and corticosterone levels were measured as stress indicators. Most cholic acid derivatives markedly decreased the adrenal weight, and TUDCA and DHCA increased the spleen weight. The restraint stress induced increments in serum LDH, ALP and cholesterol were attenuated by most cholic acid derivatives. Cholic acid, taurocholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid only increased the content of adrenal ascorbate. While valproic acid showed an inhibitory effect against stress, silymarin did not. Our findings suggest that most cholic acid derivatives have anti-stress effect and that their anti-stress effect is, in part, related to choleretic activity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to probe the influences of krill (Euphausia superba) meal with NaF oral administration on a dose-effect relationship between fluoride levels of krill meal and serum enzyme activity such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. There were no significant decreases in the activities of ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH in sera among krill meal diet groups (KF10, KF20, KF30). However, these groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower enzyme activities than normal diet (ND) plus NaF 10 mg group (NF). The fluoride levels of serum and organ tissues (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney) in NaF 10 mg groups (NF, KF10, KF20, KF30) were significantly increased by adding krill meal in comparison with normal diet group. The results indicate that a difficult to found toxicity to the tissues from krill meal diet groups.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2019

Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine to treat inflammatory diseases in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the anti-ecotoxic potential of a 116 kDa glycoprotein isolated from UDN (UDN glycoprotein) in human intestinal epithelial INT-407 cells. We demonstrated that UDN glycoprotein ($20{\mu}g/mL$) could inhibit the production of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) induced by toluene, an ecotoxic substance. Additionally, we found that the toluene-induced intestinal cytotoxicity was mediated by the phosphorylation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) via the production of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The UDN glycoprotein significantly decreased the levels of ROS production and p38 MAPK activation in toluene-stimulated INT-407 cells. Moreover, the UDN glycoprotein inhibits the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), which is responsible for the production of LDH, in toluene-stimulated INT-407 cells. Collectively, our data indicate that UDN glycoprotein is a natural antioxidant and a modulator of ecotoxicity signaling pathways in human intestinal epithelial cells.