• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.6B
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• pp.233-248
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• 2008

Advances in electronics and wireless communication technologies have enabled the development of large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are numerous applications for wireless sensor networks, and security is vital for many of them. However, WSNs suffer from many constraints, including low computation capability, small memory, limited energy resources, susceptibility to physical capture, and the lack of infrastructure, all of which impose unique security challenges and make innovative approaches desirable. In this paper, we present a survey on security issues in wireless sensor networks. We address several network models for security protocols in WSNs, and explore the state of the art in research on the key distribution and management schemes, typical attacks and corresponding countermeasures, entity and message authentication protocols, security data aggregation, and privacy. In addition, we discuss some directions of future work.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.83-88
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• 2021

Cloud services have become the core infrastructure of the digital economy as a basis for collecting, storing, and processing large amounts of data to trigger artificial intelligence-based services and industrial innovation. Recently, cloud services have been spotlighted as a means of responding to corporate crises and changes in the work environment in a national disaster caused by COVID-19. While the cloud is attracting attention, the speed of adoption and diffusion of cloud services is not being actively carried out due to the lack of trust among users and uncertainty about security, performance, and cost. This study compares and analyzes the "Cloud Service Quality and Performance Management System" and the "Cloud Service Certification System" and suggests complementary points and improvement measures for the cloud service quality and performance management system.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-130
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• 2023

The increasing cost, and demand for, household energy has increased attention to the phenomena of energy burdens. Despite this increased attention, a lack of consensus remains in pinpointing the strongest predictors, and geographic differences, that exist within the energy ecosystem. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a series of dummy variable regressions across cities, suburbs, and rural areas within Erie County, New York-a county noted to have particularly high energy burdens. Specifically, three types of predictor sets were incorporated into the methodology: a set of socioeconomic variables, physical variables, and a combination of both variable sets. The results of this study suggest that cities tend to have the highest electricity burdens. Despite the aging infrastructure in Erie County, high energy burdens were driven primarily by socioeconomic factors such as housing cost burden and poverty status. Lastly, this study explores various planning and policy implications Erie County can utilize to reduce energy burdens. In turn, this study highlights the importance of focusing policy efforts on existing social service programs to provide support to the region's neediest households.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.12
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• pp.2326-2332
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• 2011

eLoran is enhanced Loran-C and eLoran is researched for as GPS backup system because this system is resistant to signal interference and has high accuracy. TOA measurements of eLoran include errors proportional to the range such as PF, SF, ASF and EF. Therefore these error factors must be compensated for improved accuracy of position. Generally, error models or GPS aided compensation methods are used, but these methods are limited by lack of infrastructure or system performance. Therefore, this paper proposes new model of error factors included in eLoran TOA measurements and navigation algorithm using this model. Error factors in this model are sum of a certain size of error and error proportional to the range. And feasibility and performance of proposed navigation algorithm are verified by using raw measurements.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.139-156
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• 1999

Recent changes in the health care environment have directed increasing attention to the number and specialty mix of practicing physicians. A major concern identified in Korean health care system is the serious oversupply of specialists and a relative lack of primary care physicians. Currently only 21% of Korean physicians are primary care physicians(general practitioners and family physicians), and less than 10% of recent medical school graduates are choosing to enter primary care. More primary care physicians are needed to deal with major problems in the current health care system, such as cost and access. The infrastructure that relies on primary care physicians is needed to deliver cost-effective and efficient care. To achieve a better balance of primary care to non-primary care physicians. more medical students need to choose careers in one of the primary care specialties(family medicine. internal medicine and pediatrics). This paper suggests the necessity of reforming the Korean graduate medical education system, that is, establishing the path of training primary care physicians in internal medicine and pediatrics residency training programs.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.32-39
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• 2009

"We need to overcome the lack of space and infrastructure." Construction in the 20th century had been basically motivated by this need. It had enabled almost automatic financing on land as well as plenty of public investment. However we cannot expect such investment in built environment any more in the 21st century, when urban structures have been fully built. "We have space and infrastructures but want to make them better." We must find the new way how to strategically organize creativity on use as well as such users' want itself for sustaining investment in built environment. In this paper the outline of such a new way is discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1024-1028
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• 2009

Government imposed a duty to perform feasibility investigation on huge development projects which cost are higher than 50 million dollars on May 1999. This is to prevent waste of money occur from lack of review on huge public projects and raise the efficiency of government budget. Although maintenance and managing analysis method for public infrastructures are developed and proposed by other institutions as Korea Infrastructure Safety & Technology Corporation but it is not well applied on the aspect of the railway fixed time and costumer costs. Therefore a good point of quantitative and qualitative reference which fits railway character is need and following guidelines from the phase of feasibility study are need to prevent governments budget waste.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

Cities should be developed and managed deliberately since reckless development and selfish expansion deteriorate the quality of life in the cities by creating various problems in transportation, residence and environment. In particular, the semi-agricultural zones have been designated in order to address such problems as the overpopulation caused by the influx of people into the cities and promote balanced regional development and eco-friendly cultivation of the land across the nation. But the problems of metropolitan areas, such as the overpopulation and lack of infrastructure, are spreading even to the semi-agricultural zones, which should be the last areas to be developed into cities. We should blame the indolence of our policies on land first, rather than the selfish cities that slip from the grip of the law. This study concludes that the self-agricultural zones should be developed and managed with plans by the public sector rather than the autonomous development by the private sector.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.167-180
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore Laos mysterious 'Plain of Jars' area in a village. 'The Plain of Jars' site has been proposed for listing as a UNESCO World Heritage Monument. The study used convenience sampling and surveyed tourists who visited Tonghahin in Xieng Khouang. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, Tonghahin is introduction stage from the tourism life cycle due to lack of basic infrastructure such as road condition, transportation, information service, etc,. Second, this study examined the ways to improve methods such as adminstration system and hospitality service manual for tourist site. Thereafter, third, to develop each attraction, they have come with better tourism products. These things are foresight-able to-do list for nomination as the UNESCO World Heritage. The recommendations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

MANET composed of only moving nodes is concerned to core technology to construct ubiquitous computing environment. Also, it is a lack of security because of no middle infrastructure. So, it is necessary to intrusion detection system which can track malicious attack. In this study, cluster was used to stable intrusion detection, and rule about various attacks was defined to detect accurately attack that seems like network problem. Proposed method through experience was confirmed that stable detection rate was showed although number of nodes increase.