• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.412-418
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• 2013

With the increasing demand for public housing, the Singapore government decided to reduce the waiting time of future public housing owners, which requires these projects to be completed on time. As a result, this study aims to identify the frequent and impactful factors affecting schedule performance of public housing projects in Singapore. The survey conducted with 36 industry experts revealed that "site management", "coordination among various parties", "design changes by owner during construction", "availability of laborers on site", "availability of material", and "availability of staff to manage projects" were the six factors that should be emphasized to assure the schedule performance of public housing projects. In addition, there was statistically significant agreement between public housing projects and other building projects on both the frequency and impact ranks of the factors. The findings from this study will help practitioners involving public housing projects to take measures to assure the achievement of project schedule objectives.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2024

One of the current focal points in the defense sector is how to strategically leverage the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in military operations. The Fourth Industrial Revolution denotes a transformational shift in the environment where automation and connectivity are maximized, primarily driven by advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence. Coined by Klaus Schwab at the 2015 Davos Forum, this term signifies a profound change in human activities, akin to how a single machine replaced hundreds of laborers in the past. The military application of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies is increasingly researched and anticipated to be actively implemented. Combat, as a subset of warfare, entails military actions between units conducting war. Typically performed by units to achieve one or more objectives, the concept of combat involves the fundamental ideas guiding the conduct of military operations against adversaries, both presently and in the future. Hence, it is imperative for our military to develop future combat concepts by harnessing the key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.543-559
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• 2003

The information drive of the businesses requires new alternatives in that the promotion of business efficiency through information process technologies ends up conflicting with the protection of information human rights on laborers’side. Nevertheless, apathy on information protection has a tendency to be distorted by the efficiency of the businesses. Should the capital and mass media warn economic red lights, political circles with uneasiness would ignore the significance of information protection on the behalf of business efficiency. Therefore, the importance of information protection is considered a smaller interest than that of business efficiency with the infringements of human rights on laborers’side arising. Informatization of the businesses along with the developments of information process technologies has enabled the management to monitor and control the behaviors of laborers. This new problem needs to establish both information protection mechanism and institutional devices to regulate those labor controls. The security of business activity without human rights infringement warrants both basic rights of the public and spirit of the Constitution. The study suggests the establishment and revision of laws suitable to the period of information human rights. On top of that, the establishment of the basic law for information protection of individuals’with the common principle that integrates the related laws and rules on-off line is needed. This will warrant the active participation of labor unions and create specific alternatives for information protection.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.291-299
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• 2016

Recently, the knowledge industry center has played a role as a facility that creates economic added value because of the high-tech companies related to the knowledge industry, information, and communication. On the other hand, support facilities that are provided in the knowledge industry center are meant to support the company in the center and improve the working conditions of laborers. On the other hand, the support policy established by the government applies to some companies, and none of the support policy is carried out in supporting facilities in the knowledge industry center. In this study, multiple analysis was performed, focusing on the support facilities in the knowledge industry center that aims to improve the working environment of laborers. This study suggests the introduction of guidelines to secure adequate area, depending on the type of supporting facilities in the Knowledge Industrial Center. The sharing of facilities, such as cultural and commercial use for Knowledge Industrial Center, corresponding to poor provision, is recommended. Because the analysis of IPA indicates that the area of commercial support facilities are higher than others and cultural facilities are more important and preferred, it is necessary to compose support facilities that consider the user's individual characteristics. Facilities impacting the working environment need to be planned carefully through a district unit plan at the initial stages of development, thus assisting the production activity of workers.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2007

In this study, the researcher tried to present the groundwork to prepare the oriental medical yangseng plan for the future obesity with the comparison between yangseng level and the obesity of workers. The researcher made up the questionnaire which asks the general character, health-related character and yangseng level, projected among 560 people. All collected material was analyzed by SPSS and tested by T-test and ANOVA. 1. The general yangseng level average is 3.27, morality yangseng 3.90, sleep yangseng 3.39, mind yangseng 3.31, sex life yangseng 3.30, exercise yangseng 3.15, activities and rest yangseng 3.08, diet yangseng 2.94, seasonal yangseng 2.84. The highest is morality yangseng and seasonal yangseng is the lowest. 2. In the aspect of yangseng level: Having a spouse, Non-smoking, Regular exercising, Sufficient sleeping have higher yangseng levels. 3. Obesity related index is changing into the higher level when he/she is older, more paid, more job experience, more education background but less metabolic calory. And drinking and regular exercising have relativity with body composition analysis. 4. After comparing yangseng level with body composition analysis, we can easily find that the more visceral fat, the higher WHR has a high yangseng level. The more mineral also has a high mind yangseng and a low diet yangseng. The visceral fat level has a high yangseng level when higher morality yangseng and mind yangseng are getting higher and higher. And sex life yangseng shows that the highest yangseng level is from 9-10 visceral fat and the lowest yangseng level is from below 4 visceral fat. The higher WHR, the higher morality, mind and sleep yangseng. The heavier, the lower diet yangseng. The mind yangseng was very high when body fat rate was higher. The more body fat, the higher morality yangseng. The higher yangseng, when we have more muscle. Yangseng level and obesity of laborer has a close relationship with individual character and daily habits. Also, relevance can be easily found between yangseng level and obesity. Now the researcher came into the conclusion that we need to control over laborers' health and prevention of their obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.525-536
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• 2020

The study data used for the analysis of this study were obtained from the raw data during the 1st survey of the 2nd wave of the 2019 Panel Survey on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities conducted by the Korea Employment Agency for Persons with Disabilities. The results showed that, for regular workers, when there was a fixed term of employment contract, it was more likely that the job was retained for 12 months or longer. For the day laborers, workers without a fixed-term employment contract were more likely to retain their jobs for 12 months longer. This suggests that owing to the types of jobs that did not consider disabilities, people with disabilities were facing difficulties in terms of the options available in their job choices and their self-decisions. Therefore, the state would have to develop more job types and skills for these individuals to expand their career options. The growth in the employment of people with disabilities by small businesses that hire day laborers will depend on the diversification of the employment subsidy, which is again dependent on the size of the businesses.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.63-94
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• 2001

Based on the human capital theory, the wage differentials among laborers are generated from the discrepancy of human capital stock which depends on individual laborer's decision. Hence, the wage differentials among laborers or between male and female are not the results of discrimination, but the results of individual choice. But, if the individual choice for human capital stock would be affected by the male-female discrimination, the explanation for male-female wage differentials base on the human capital stock has a bias. Actually, women have experienced in the discrimination on labor market participation due to gravity, parturition, infant rearing. Also, it is a fact that women have been discriminated against men in labor market owing to social, traditional, and cultural discriminations. If woman or her parent will less invest on human capital than man owing to the existence of discrimination in labor market, the 'expected human capital stock' instead of human capital stock will explain male-female wage differentials better. Therefore, in this study, we set up three models; first model includes working hours, industry, occupation, etc which are in general used as explanatory variables for wage decision, second model includes the variables which reflect the traditional human capital stock together with the first model's explanatory variables, third model employes the 'expected human capital stock' instead of traditional human capital stock. From the empirical test, the estimates of discrimination in three models are .93, .60, and, .48 respectively. This result implies that the male-female wage differentials in Korea can be explained by the discrepancy of 'expected human capital stock'. Since the discrepancy in expected human capital stock depend on the disparity in life-cycle labor force participation, male-female wage differentials can largely be attributed to male-female disparity in expected lifetime labor force participation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

Objectives: Using laborers participating in the petrochemical factory turnaround process as subjects, this study aims to identify exposure to benzene in the air and examine the relationship between exposure and the excretion of urinary metabolites by measuring concentrations of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA). Methods: A passive sampler was used to measure the level of benzene in the air. In order to analyze urinary metabolites, the urine of laborers participating in the turnaround process was collected twice daily, both before and after work. In addition, a survey was conducted on work factors and lifestyle habits as factors affecting the concentration of urinary metabolites. Results: During the survey period, benzene was detected in the samples from all workers, and its average concentration was $0.16{\pm}0.22ppm$. The average concentration of t,t-MA after work was $1.20{\pm}1.86mg/g$ creatinine, and the results of analyzing urinary metabolites concentration before and after work showed statistically significant differences(p=0.003). There was also a statistically significant correlation (r=0.52, p=0.002) between benzene in the air and the concentration of after-work urinary t,t-MA. Conclusions: During the turnaround process, the average benzene concentration in workers was $0.16{\pm}0.22ppm$, which was below the exposure limit. However, their average t,t-MA concentration was $1.20{\pm}1.86mg/g$ creatinine, which exceeded the exposure limit of 1mg/g creatinine. The characteristics of turnaround process work require considerations such as underestimating the passive sampler being used and the skin absorption of benzene, and there needs to be a simultaneous assessment of working environment measurements and biological monitoring.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2020

In this study, an application was developed to reduce the work between labor and safety managers and to hire better workers when hiring workers. With the expected increase in foreign workers in the future, the number of illegal workers will also increase. As a result, accident and on-site management are becoming more difficult due to insufficient information collection of workers. Therefore, it was possible to secure on-site safety through an application that could collect accurate information and reduce the time of information exchange between safety managers and labor managers. In addition, the application was designed to help the safety manager identify the faithful workers more quickly when re-employment of the day laborers if many day laborers were assessed and filled out as they were. This anticipates the expected effect of shortening the construction period. The current application collected necessary information through an interview with the site manager. If the company collects more information needed in the field and has big data than it has collected necessary information so far, it will be highly competitive in the market as it can improve the completeness of applications by establishing opinions and reflecting information accordingly.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.127-141
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• 2007

This study examined the differences of elderly workers' psychological well-being according to gender and explored the variables which account for their psychological well-being. Paid laborers aged 60 or older(eight-five men and nine-eight females) were interviewed. The psychological well-being of male workers was higher than that of the female workers. The control level of activity and family support were the variables that explained the psychological well-being of male paid workers. The higher the control level of activity was, and the more support given from family, the higher the psychological well-being scores they showed. Educational level, demand level of activity, and material reward determined the psychological well-being of female workers. The higher their educational level was, the lower the demand level of activity was, and the fewer rewards they received from paid work, the higher their psychological well-being was.