• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.395-409
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• 2023

Long-span suspension bridges have tunnel anchor systems to maintain stable cables. More investigations are required to determine how closely tunnel excavation beneath the tunnel anchor impacts the stability of the tunnel anchor. In order to investigate the impact of the adjacent tunnel's excavation on the stability of the tunnel anchor, a large-span suspension bridge tunnel anchor is utilised as an example in a three-dimensional numerical simulation approach. In order to explore the deformation control mechanism, orthogonal tests are employed to pinpoint the major impacting elements. The construction of an advanced pipe shed, strengthening the primary support. Moreover, according to the findings the grouting reinforcement of the surrounding rock, have a significant control effect on the settlement of the tunnel vault and plug body. However, reducing the lag distance of the secondary lining does not have such big influence. The greatest way to control tunnel vault settling is to use the grout reinforcement, which increases the bearing capacity and strength of the surrounding rock. This greatly minimizes the size of the tunnel excavation disturbance area. Advanced pipe shed can not only increase the surrounding rock's bearing capacity at the pipe shed, but can also prevent the tunnel vault from connecting with the disturbance area at the bottom of the anchorage tunnel, reduce the range of shear failure area outside the anchorage tunnel, and have the best impact on the plug body's settlement control.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.439-451
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• 2023

The construction of shield tunnelling in urban sites is facing serious risks from complex and changeable underground conditions. Construction problems in the sand-clay mixed ground have been more reported in recent decades for its poor control of soil loss in tunnel face, ground settlement and supporting pressure. Since the limitations of observation methods, the conventional physical modelling experiments normally simplify the tunnelling to a plane strain situation whose results are not reliable in mixed ground cases which exhibit more complicated responses. We propose a new method for the study of the mixed ground tunnel through which mixed lays are simulated with transparent soil surrogates exhibiting different mechanical properties. An experimental framework for the transparent soil modelling of the mixed ground tunnel was established incorporated with the self-developed digital image correlation system (PhotoInfor). To understand better the response of face stability, ground deformation, settlement and supporting phenomenon to tunnelling excavation in the sand-clay mixed ground, a series of case studies were carried out comparing the results from cases subjected to different buried depths and mixed phenomenon. The results indicate that the deformation mode, settlement and supporting phenomenon vary with the mixed phenomenon and buried depth. Moreover, a stratigraphic effect exists that the ground movement around mixed face reveals a notable difference.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2010

Experimental investigations were carried out on an Axi-symmetric Body Model fitted with Pump-jet Propulsor (PJP) in the Cavitation Tunnel at Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL). The tests were intended for evaluating the propulsion characteristics of the body and propulsor. The self propulsion point of the model for two configurations was determined after finding the corrections for tunnel blockage effects and differences in model length at zero trim. The results were found to match closely with the towing tank results. The rotor and stator torques also matched closely over full range of experiment. Further experiments were carried out on the body at $4.5^{\circ}$ angle of trim to investigate the propulsive performance and assess the operational difficulties in the sea. The results indicated an increase in resistance and decrease in rotor thrust; but the balance of torques between the rotor and stator was undisturbed, causing no concern to vehicle roll.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.328-337
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• 2008

굴착손상권의 특성 및 범위를 규명하는 것은 방사성 폐기물의 이동 및 확산의 위험을 최소화하는 지하공동의 기밀에 영향을 받는 방사성폐기물 처분사업에선 중요하다. 캐나다 AECL의 URL에선 터널기밀시험(TSX)이 수행되었고, 굴착손상권(EDZ)의 발달 가능성을 최소화하기 위하여 응력장을 고려하여 터널 형태 및 방향을 선택하였다. EDZ의 특성 및 범위는 방사상의 시추공내에서의 탄성파 속도와 투수율 측정을 통하여 파악되었다. 이 결과는 EDZ의 범위를 추정하는 본 연구의 모델링작업에 사용되었다. 이를 위하여 UDEC 코드내에 손상모델을 형성하고, 실내실험 물성에 맞추었다. 이 모델은 TSX 터널 주변의 균열 개시와 성장범위를 예측하는데 사용되었고, 해석결과는 실제 측정된 손상과 비교되었다. 수치모델내 손상권의 발달은 현장 측정결과의 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-46
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• 2013

This paper presents a boundary-layer wind tunnel (BLWT) study on the effect of variable dominant openings on steady and transient responses of wind-induced internal pressure in a low-rise building. The paper presents a parametric study focusing on differences and similarities between transient and steady-state responses, the effects of size and locations of dominant openings and vent openings, and the effects of wind angle of attack. In addition, the necessity of internal volume correction during sudden breaching, i.e., a transient response experiment was investigated. A comparison of the BLWT data with ASCE 7-2010, as well as with limited large-scale data obtained at a 'Wall of Wind' facility, is presented.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.223-245
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• 2012

Multivariate simulation is necessary for cases where non-Gaussian processes at spatially distributed locations are desired. A simulation algorithm to generate non-Gaussian wind pressure fields is proposed. Gaussian sample fields are generated based on the spectral representation method using wavelet transforms method and then mapped into non-Gaussian sample fields with the aid of a CDF mapping transformation technique. To illustrate the procedure, this approach is applied to experimental results obtained from wind tunnel tests on the domes. A multivariate Gaussian simulation technique is developed and then extended to multivariate non-Gaussian simulation using the CDF mapping technique. It is proposed to develop a new wavelet-based CDF mapping technique for simulation of multivariate non-Gaussian wind pressure process. The efficiency of the proposed methodology for the non-Gaussian nature of pressure fluctuations on separated flow regions of different rise-span ratios of domes is also discussed.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2021

초근접 병렬터널의 필라부에는 응력이 집중되고, 기존에는 터널의 안정성을 확보하기 위하여 강연선을 이용하여 필라부를 보강한다. 하지만 토사 지반에서는 필라부의 강도가 감소하기 때문에 필라부를 강연선으로 보강하는 것으로는 터널 안전성을 충분히 확보하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 초근접 병렬터널의 필라부를 강관으로 보강하는 새로운 공법의 보강효과를 검토하기 위하여 실내터널모형실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 상부응력에 대한 필라부의 지지능력은 강관 보강하는 경우가 강연선 보강하는 경우보다 22% 큰 것으로 나타났다. Particle Image Velocimetry 기법을 이용한 분석결과 필라부 강관 보강은 강연선 보강보다 병렬터널과 필라부에 상재하중이 균일하게 작용할 수 있는 더 유리한 조건을 형성하였다. 실험결과에 기반하여 필라부 강관보강공법은 강연선 보강공법보다 터널 안정성에 긍정적인 효과를 가져올 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

A numerical simulation method has been developed to predict atmospheric flow and stack gas diffusion using a calculation domain of several km around a stack under complex terrain conditions containing buildings. The turbulence closure technique using a modified k-$\varepsilon$-type model under a non hydrostatic assumption was used for the flow calculation, and some of the calculation grids near the ground were treated as buildings using a terrain-following coordinate system. Stack gas diffusion was predicted using the Lagrangian particle model, that is, the stack gas was represented by the trajectories of released particles. The numerical model was applied separately to the flow and stack gas diffusion around a cubical building and to a two-dimensional ridge in this study, before being applied to an actual terrain containing buildings in our next study. The calculated flow and stack gas diffusion results were compared with those obtained by wind tunnel experiments, and the features of flow and stack gas diffusion, such as the increase in turbulent kinetic energy and the plume spreads of the stack gas behind the building and ridge, were reproduced by both calculations and wind tunnel experiments. Furthermore, the calculated profiles of the mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and concentration of the stack gas around the cubical building and the ridge showed good agreement with those of wind tunnel experiments.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.181-188
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• 2008

In this study, estimation of behavioral characteristics between twin tunnels was performed through the series of laboratory experiment on the small scale tunnel model. In the model test, the experimental parameters were geological conditions, center to center distance between twin tunnels, application of discontinuous inclination. To estimated behavior of pillar and load-displacement relationship by model tests and numerical analyses.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.269-272
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• 2006

Numerical analysis of wind turbine scale effect was performed by using computational fluid dynamics. For the numerical analysis of wind turbine. Three dimensional Navier-Stokes solver with various turbulence models was tested and realizable k-e turbulence model was selected for the simulation of wind turbines. To validate the present method, performance of NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Phase VI wind turbine model was analyzed and compared with experiment and blind test data. Using the present method, numerical simulations for various size of wind tunnel model were carried out and characteristics were observed in detail. The power loss due to the interference between wind turbine and nacelle was also computed for relatively larger nacelle installation in wind tunnel test. The present results showed good correlations with experimental data and reasonable trends of scale effect of wind turbine.