• 제목/요약/키워드: Laboratory rearing

검색결과 110건 처리시간 0.025초

Screening and classification of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori based on thermotolerance

  • Chandrakanth, Nalavadi;Moorthy, Shunmugam M.;Ponnuvel, Kangayam M.;Sivaprasad, Vankadara
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.115-126
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    • 2015
  • The tropical climate prevailing in India adversely affects temperate bivoltine silkworm rearing and causes crop loss especially during summer. Identification of high temperature tolerant bivoltine breeds by screening for thermotolerance in the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an essential prerequisite for the development of thermotolerant bivoltine breeds / hybrids. Therefore, in this study, 20 silkworm breeds were reared at different temperatures (25 ± 1℃,32 ± 1℃, 34 ± 1℃ and 36 ± 1℃) for 6 h every day from 3rd d of 5th instar to till spinning. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found among all the rearing traits over temperature. Based on pupation percentage, SK4C and BHR3 were identified as thermotolerant bivoltine breeds. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on rearing traits at tested temperatures grouped 20 silkworm breeds in four clusters which included one cluster each of susceptible and tolerant, and two clusters of moderately tolerant silkworm breeds. This suggests that clustering based on rearing data at high temperatures by using Euclidean distance can be an effective approach in classifying the silkworm breeds on their thermotolerance capacity. The identified breeds would be used for development of thermo tolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds / hybrids.

Artificial rearing of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) for use in the Sterile Insect Technique: improvements of the egg collection system

  • Ahmad, Sohel;Haq, Ihsan ul;Rempoulakis, Polychronis;Orozco, Dina;Jessup, Andrew;Caceres, Carlos;Paulus, Hannes;Vreysen, Marc J.B.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2016
  • One major constraint in the development and implementation of a successful and cost-effective area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programme with a SIT component for Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the ability to produce a large number of high quality mass-reared individuals. The aim of this study was to develop a more efficient and practical egg collection system in an attempt to improve the mass-rearing of this species. The following basic parameters were examined: egg production per female, egg hatch, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence and percentage of fliers. Three different strains (Israel wild-type, France wild-type, and Greece laboratory) were tested and each strain was evaluated for six generations. Female flies of the Israel strain produced significantly more eggs per female than the other two strains, but egg hatch was significantly lower. Egg hatch of the France wild type and the Greece laboratory strain was similar. For all other parameters, there was no significant difference between strains; however, there was a significant generational effect for all parameters observed. As a result of this study, a protocol was developed for the mass-rearing of this species that included the use of large adult holding cages that could house up to 96,000 flies per cage. The newly developed method of egg collection using a flat wax panel as one of the sides of an adult holding cage proved to be cost-effective, efficient, making colony growth easier for industrial mass-rearing.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on Leaf Surface Trichomes in Mulberry and Its Influence on Rearing Performance of Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

  • Kesavacharyulu, K.;Kumar, Vineet;Sarkar, A.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 2004
  • The type of trichomes, their density and pattern of distribution on leaves of 16 genotypes of mulberry, belonging to both diploid and polyploid categories, were studied by scanning electron microscope. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the relationship of physical attributes, especially the density and trichome types with higher acceptability and better rearing performance by the silkworm Bombyx-mori L. Two types of trichomes glandular and non-glandular types were observed on both the leaf surfaces of all the mulberry genotypes studied. In general, greater densities of trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface of leaves in most of the genotypes. Distribution of glandular trichomes were more in abaxial surface and non-glandular trichomes were more in adaxial surface. Overall, distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes per unit area of leaf did not follow any regular pattern. When leaves of those genotypes were fed to silkworms, trichome density was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the survival of larvae i.e., effective rate of rearing, but trichome density did not influence the economic characters of rearing. As the distribution of glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NGT) did not follow any definite pattern, no relation could be established between the GT and NGT densities with silkworm rearing performance. However, the ratio of GT and NGT in a particular genotype influenced the rearing parameters, higher the ratios better the rearing performance. High GT and NGT ratio (>1.00) was found positively significant when correlated with economic parameters viz., larval weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight. The study is useful in screening different mulberry genotypes for their better acceptability to silk-worm and higher rearing performance at the early stage of selection without actually conducting the rearing.

Haemaphysalis longicornis 진드기의 사육방법에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Rearing method of the Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis)

  • 차현성;이주묵;권오덕;채준석
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 1993
  • This study was attempted to develop a rearing method of the tick(Haemaphysalis longicornis) at the laboratory in winter. The rearing conditions for ticks in winter were summarized as follows; Even in the winter, under controlled Incubator on 25~3$0^{\circ}C$ and 90~95%, temperature and humidity, respectively, it is possible to rear the ticks normally as on summer. in the usual laboratory room temperature and humidity, 20~$25^{\circ}C$ and 51 ~77%. In the ticks collected in summer, the life span of the ticks, from hatching to death, was 91~129(112.8$\pm$15.2) days in the lagoratory, and the number of the oviposited eggs from a tick were about 1,680~2,460 and the hatching rate of the oviposited eggs was about 95(92~98)%. The life span of the ticks which were reared in the laboratory in winter was 89-138(112.2$\pm$21.1) days, and the number of the oviposited eggs from the tick were about 1,382~2,674 and the hatching rate of them was about 89.5(87~92)%. In the rearing of the tick at the laboratory, the dogs, rabbits and mice were able to use the hosts for the tick. The proper temperature to feed the ticks on the cattle in the cold season was obtained by $Hokalong^{\circledR}$ which were attached on the out side of sac which covered bovine ear where attached ticks.

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인공사료에 의한 파밤나방의 대량사육법 (Simple Mass-Rearing of Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on an Artificial Diet)

  • 고현관;이상규;이비파;최현문;김상화
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.180-183
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    • 1990
  • 인공사료에 의한 실내사육에서 부활율은 97.9%, 3령까지의 생존율은 83.3%였다. 3령유충에서의 용활율은 톱밥을 이용한 집단사육에서 82.5%, 개체사육에서 48.5%, 집단사육에서 37.5%로서 톱밥을 이용한 집단사육에서 가장 높았다. 유화율은 톱밥을 이용한 집단사육에서 90.9%, 개체사육에서 85.2%, 집단사육에서 86.7%로 거의 비슷하였다. 톱밥을 이용한 집단 사육법은 개체사육법에 비하여 사육방법이 용이하고 인공사료의 양을 줄일 수 있다.

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한국산 멧누에나방(Bombyx mandarina M.)의 실내사육 (Mass-Rearing of Mulberry Wild Silkworm, Bombyx mandarina Moore, (Lepidoptera : Bombycidae) in Laboratory)

  • 노시갑;김종길
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.33-36
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    • 1992
  • 멧누에는 실내에서의 대량사육이 곤란한 것으로 알려져 왔으나 부화에서부터 100%가까운 다습상태와 $27^{\circ}C$전후의 고온사육조건에서 간단히 사육할 수 있었다. 실내사육결과 전령경과일수는 15~25일의 범위이며 대부분의 유충은 17일 전후이었다. 용화비율은 약40%이며 용기간은 암수모두 13~25일 사이였다. 또한 암수모두 2개의 우화최고점을 가지며 수컷이 암컷에 비해 2~3일정도 빨리 우화하였다.

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Seasonal Pupation, Adult Emergence and Mating of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in Artificial Rearing System

  • Park, Kwan-Ho;Kim, Won-Tae;Lee, Sang-Beom;Choi, Young-Cheol;Nho, Si-Kab
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.189-191
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    • 2010
  • The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, has a worldwide distribution in the tropics and warm temperate regions and is active in the Korea from May through October. This species colonize a wide variety of decomposing vegetable and animal matter and oviposits in a variety of decomposing materials. In this study, how the black soldier fly pupation, adult emergence and mating rate changed with season at the artificial rearing system was investigated. The black soldier fly larvae and pupae were reared under laboratory condition ($27^{\circ}C$, 60% R.H.). In this study, under the laboratory condition, pupation and adult emergence were not influenced by season, but the data shows definitely different mating numbers throughout whole year. The time of the day is changed with seasons and it influence to mating on artificial rearing. To culture the black soldier fly throughout the year in Korea needs a more deep study under the artificial rearing system.

Botanicals Mediated Reproductive Enhancement in Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

  • Kumar P. M. Pratheesh;Bhargava S.K.;Prabhakar C.J.;Kamble C.K.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.45-50
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    • 2007
  • Ethanol extract of 20 botanicals in 3 concentrations i.e., 2.5%, 5% and 10% were evaluated for their efficacy to improve reproductive performance of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mod L.) through feeding botanical enriched mulberry leaves during $2^{nd}$ day of $4^{th}$ age as well as $1^{st}$ and $3^{rd}$ day of $5^{th}$ age larvae. The preliminary screening was done by ranking the botanicals based on influence in most important reproductive contributing parameters such as single cocoon weight, effective rate of rearing, pupation rate, fecundity and recovery of eggs/kg cocoon. Five botanicals viz., Asparagus recemosus, Achyranthes aspera, Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, Parthenium histerophorus ranked first were further evaluated at 8% 5% and 3% concentrations to confirm their effectiveness and standardize effective concentration. Among the rearing parameters, mature larval weight, shell ratio and number of cocoons/kg were not significantly influenced by the treatments. However, reproductive parameters such as effective rate of rearing (wt), pupation rate (%), fecundity (No.) and egg recovery (g)/kg cocoon were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the botanicals. Higher fecundity and egg recovery were obtained on treatment with Withania somnifera irrespective of concentrations. However at 5% concentration, pupation rate, fecundity as well as egg recovery were found significantly higher than that of other concentrations, confirming its effectiveness for improving reproductive efficiency.

Occurrence and identification of Emeria species in broiler rearing under traditional system

  • Shamim, Asim;Hassan, Murtaz ul;Yousaf, Arfan;Iqbal, Muhammad Farooq;Zafar, Muhammad Arif;Siddique, Rao Muhammad;Abubakar, Muhammad
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제57권12호
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    • pp.41.1-41.4
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    • 2015
  • Background: The present study was intended to determine the prevalence and identification of species involved causing coccidiosis in broilers rearing under traditional farming system in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. For the current study, a convenient sampling technique was carried out. A total of 7814 broilers (aged 1 to 6 weeks) were submitted to the Disease Diagnostic Laboratory of Livestock and Animal husbandry Department Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. Results: From the total screened, 750 were found positive for coccidiosis representing an overall prevalence of 9.59 %. Age-wise highest prevalence (10.88 %) recorded in the middle age birds (0 to 3 week old) were found more susceptible to infection than those aged above 3 weeks. Higher prevalence (12.49 %) of coccidiosis in broilers was observed in spring as compared with 6.60 % in summer season. In this study two main coccidiosis causing species, Emeria tenella and Emeria maxima were identified on the basis of their morphological feature and habitat (caeca and intestine), However, E. tenella was dominant compared to E. maxima. Conclusion: The study provides an insight to the occurrence of Emeria species which must be taken into consideration when rearing the broilers.

사육용기의 규격에 따른 풀색노린재의 증식률 (Reproductive Rate of Green Stink Bug, Nezara antennata Scott (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) by the Size of Rearing Cages)

  • 배순도;김현주;이건휘;박성태
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2008
  • 규격이 다른 5가지 사육용기, A용기(원통형, 직경 10cm, 높이 4cm), B용기(원통형, 직경 14.5cm, 높이 2.8cm), C용기(사각통, 가로${\times}$세로=$6.5{\times}6.5cm$, 높이 10cm), D용기(원통형, 밑지름 9cm 윗지름 11.5 cm, 높이 10.8 cm), E용기(원통형, 직경 15cm, 높이 7.5 cm)에 두류종자(대두 + 땅콩종자) 및 스폰지 급수통을 제공하여 $24^{\circ}C$, 15L : 9D 실내조건에서 풀색노린재의 부화율, 우화율 및 산란수를 조사하여 증식률을 구하였다. 부화율은 93-97%이었다. 영기별 발육기간은 1령에서 6일로 가장 짧았으며, 5령에서 약 10일로 가장 길었다. 약충기간은 38-39일 및 우화율은 53-62%로 용기에 따른 차이가 있었다. 성충수명은 수컷에서 65-75일, 암컷에서 67-74일이었고, 성별에 관계없이 B용기에서 가장 길었다. 암컷의 산란수는 51-56개로 B용기에서 가장 많았고, E용기에서 가장 적었다. 따라서 풀색노린재의 1세대 증식률은 약 25-33배로 사육용기에 따른 차이와 함께 B용기에서 가장 높았다. 그러므로 B용기는 실내에서 풀색노린재를 가장 안정적으로 사육할 수 있는 용기로 여겨졌다.