• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2019

Purpose - This research is to review the state of standard labeling compliance and identify the factors that are conducive to compliance with the Labeling Standards of the Health Functional Foods Act in internet distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - We checked 9 labels including product name, expiration date, manufacturing date, raw material, ingredient, operative dose, nutritional information, daily intake, and functional effect which are based on Labeling Standards of the Act from 100 health functional foods in the internet shopping malls. These 9 structure & function claims were compared using a Chi-square test. Results - There was a statistically significant difference in the use of standard labeling between domestic product and imported products (p<.001). The related strength between these two variables showed a moderate effect size. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between accredited advertising/unaccredited advertising distinction and use of standard labeling (p<.001). The related strength between these two variables showed a moderate effect size. Conclusions - The Labeling Standards of the Act were not followed and found to be related to imports or unauthorized advertising in internet distribution. The information displayed according to the Labeling Standards was only about 2 on the average, so many labels have been posted unreadably without arrangement.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study is to investigate how closely care labels comply with the 1984 version of the Care Labeling Rule, as well as the change in degree of compliance prior to and after the 1988 IFI care label campaign. Label information was analyzed on the basis of country of origin. The information was also divided into two sets. The basis for dividing the data into two sets was the beginning of the IFI care label campaign in 1988 The data were obtained from 1147 checklists. The information for 1147 samples in six clothing categories were collected from department, specialty, and discount stores. Chi-square analyses were conducted to test hypotheses. While there was no significant difference in the number of incorrect labels on domestically produced garments compared to imported garments in set 1, there was a significant difference in set 2. Also, there was a significnat differnece in the number of incorrect labels between in set 1 and in set 2.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.72.1-72.1
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• 2003

The use of auxiliary labels in many advanced countries has shown that patients and caregivers understanding, safety and compliance with proper administration of medication is significantly increased. Although in Korea we give required information orally and written on the packaging when we dispense medication, many international studies have demonstrated a marked increase in full compliance when auxiliary labels were used. The pharmacist must insure that the patients understand how to take correctly in order to get the maximum effect of treatment. (omitted)

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2021

The foreign trends of noncompliance occurring frequently in food contact materials during the period of 2011-2019 was investigated by analyzing the food safety risk information DB in the National Food Safety Information Service (NFSI). A total of 2,042 cases of noncompliance of food utensils, containers, and packages were classified into 5 violation categories; administrative procedures, manufacturing and processing standards, residues and migration standards, labeling and advertising, and quality standards. This was again subcategorized according to non-compliance causative factors. The non-compliances in residues and migration standards comprised the largest proportion (76.4%) of the violative categories. The number of noncompliance information collected in 2011 was 88 cases and increased to 373 cases in 2019. A 72.8% of the non-compliance case was identified to be products of 4 countries (China 64.2%, Germany 4.0%, Japan 3.2%, and Taiwan 3.1%), those produce large quantities of containers and packaging products. During the period of 2011-2019, the number of illegal use of hazardous materials and illegal recycling of waste synthetic resins has decreased to less than one a year since 2014. On the other hand, after 2016, inconsistency of heat-resisting temperature labeling (Taiwan), non-compliance in paper container's strength standards, violation of printing standards, and the risk of consumer injury while using the products were newly reported due to the strengthening of consumer safety protection regulations. Migration of hazardous substances in synthetic polymer products such as heavy metals, melamine and formaldehyde in melamine tableware, primary aromatic amines which are colorant components in kitchenware such as ladles and spatulas, and phthalate plasticizers have been continuously reported with high frequency.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2023

Autonomous vehicles should recognize and respond to the specified speed to drive in compliance with regulations. To recognize the specified speed, the most representative method is to read the numbers of the signs by recognizing the speed signs in the front camera image. This study proposes a method that utilizes YOLO-Labeling-Labeling-EfficientNet. The sign box is first recognized with YOLO, and the numeric digit is extracted according to the pixel value from the recognized box through two labeling stages. After that, the number of each digit is recognized using EfficientNet (CNN) learned with the virtual environment dataset produced directly. In addition, we estimated the depth of information from the height value of the recognized sign through regression analysis. We verified the proposed algorithm using the virtual racing environment and GTSRB, and proved its real-time performance and efficient recognition performance.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2022

Background: Respiratory masks can provide healthcare workers with protection from biological hazards when they have good performance. There is a direct relationship between the visual specifications of a mask and its efficacy; thus, the aim of this study was to develop tools for qualitative assessment of the performance of masks used by healthcare workers. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used to develop a qualitative assessment tool for medical face masks (MFM) and particle filtering half masks (PFHM). The development of domains and items was undertaken using observation and interviews, the opinions of an expert panel, and a review of texts and international standards. The second phase evaluated the psychometric properties of tools. Finally, the validated Mask Qualitative Assessment Tools (MQAT) were used to assess six samples from 10 brands of the two types of masks. Results: MQAT-MFM and MQAT-PHFM shared 42 items across seven domains: "cleanliness," "design," "marking, labeling and packaging," "mask layers," "mask strap," "materials and construction," and "nose clip." MQAT-MFM included one additional item. MQAT-PHFM included another nine items associated with an eighth "Practical Performance" domain, and the valve version had another additional "Exhalation Valve" domain and six items. The evaluation indicated 80% compliance for MFM and 71% compliance for PFHM. "Marking, labeling and packaging" and "Layers" were associated with the least compliance in both types of masks and should be checked carefully for defining mask quality. Conclusion: MQAT can be used for immediate screening and initial assessment of MFM and PHFM through appearance, simple tools, and visual inspection.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.496-507
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• 2023

본 연구는 대한민국 온라인 시장에서 판매되는 48개의 새우 제품의 종판별 및 제품 표시 사항 일치 여부를 조사하였다. 사용 원재료의 종 판별을 위해 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하여 NCBI GenBank 및 BOLD system 데이터베이스에 등록된 생물종의 염기서열과 비교하였다. 또한 계통분석을 수행하여 동정된 새우종을 추가로 검증했다. 종판별 결과 총 16종[흰다리새우(Penaeus vannamei, Whiteleg shrimp or Pacific white shrimp), 북쪽분홍새우(Pandalus borealis, Alaskan pink shrimp), 그라비새우(Palaemon gravieri, Chinese ditch prawn), 돗대기새우(Leptochela gracilis, Lesser glass shrimp), 얼룩새우(Penaeus monodon, Giant tiger prawn), 아르헨티나붉은새우(Pleoticus muelleri, Argentine red shrimp), 산모양깔깔새우(Metapenaeopsis dalei, Kishi velvet shrimp), 태평양난바다곤쟁이(Euphausia pacifica, Isada krill), 가시배새우(Lebbeus groenlandicus, Spiny lebbeid), 꽃새우(Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Southern rough shrimp), 진흙새우(Argis lar, Kuro shrimp), 가시발새우(Metanephrops thomsoni, Red-banded lobster), 깔깔새우(Metapenaeopsis barbata, Whiskered velvet shrimp), 긴발딱총새우(Alpheus japonicus, Japanese snapping shrimp), 대하(Penaeus chinensis, Fleshy prawn), 긴뿔민새우(Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii, Spear shrimp)]이 확인되었으며, 흰다리새우(n=22, 45.8%)가 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 일반명 '새우'를 포함하는 35개 제품(72.9%)에서 표시사항과 불일치를 나타내었으며, 일반명(n=30)을 제외할 경우 불일치율은 10.4%로 낮아졌다. 가공 정도별 불일치율은 다중 가공 제품(n=25, 89.3%)이 단순 가공 제품(n=10, 50%)보다 높은 비율을 보였다. 원산지별 분석 결과 특정 국가와 불일치율과의 상관성은 확인할 수 없었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 새우 제품의 모니터링 수행 및 새우의 국명 표시 개선을 위한 기초자료로 쓰일 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2017

상업적으로 유통되는 젤라틴 캡슐 제품은 소비자의 건강(예: 광우병) 및 종교적 신념에 대한 우려를 야기시킬 수 있다. 젤라틴은 대부분 소, 돼지 등에서 유래한 원료물질을 가공한 것으로서, 가공 후 그 원료 물질을 분석하는 것은 대단히 어렵다. 따라서 정부 규제기관의 표시사항 준수여부 모니터링 연구가 주기적으로 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷에 유통되는 건강기능식품(n = 181)을 대상으로 젤라틴 캡슐의 원료 물질을 종 특이 PCR 방법으로 분석했다. 55개 제품의 경우 표시사항에 젤라틴 캡슐원료 물질에 대한 정보를 명시하였으나(예: bovine-, fish-and plant-derived gelatin), 126개 제품의 경우 사용 원료에 대한 정보 없이 "gelatin"으로 표시하였다. 이 126개 제품의 젤라틴 캡슐 분석 결과 51개 제품은 소 유래의 젤라틴을, 31개 제품은 돼지 유래의 젤라틴을, 그리고 44개 제품은 소와 돼지의 원료를 혼합하여 제작한 블렌딩 젤라틴을 사용한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 소비자의 알 권리, 종교적 신념 및 건강을 보호하기 위해 젤라틴 캡슐에 사용된 원료 물질을 표시사항에 제공하는 것은 매우 중요하다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.464-475
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 온라인 마켓에서 판매되는 50개 복어제품의 종판별 및 표시사항 일치여부 모니터링을 수행했다. 복어의 종판별을 위해 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I 및 cytochrome b 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하여 NCBI GenBank 데이터베이스에 등록되어있는 생물종의 염기서열과 비교 후 계통 분석을 수행했다. 참복, 흰점참복, 까치복, 복섬, 검복, 국매리복, 흑밀복 총 7종이 동정되었으며, 35개 제품(70%)에서 표시사항과의 불일치를 나타냈다. 12개의 제품(24%)에서는 식품공전에서 제시한 식용 가능한 복어 21종의 국명 대신 일반명(복어)을 사용하였다. 가공 정도별 불일치율은 다중가공 제품(n=9, 81.8%)이 단순가공 제품(n=26, 66.7%)보다 높은 비율을 보였으며, 원산지별 불일치율의 경우 중국산 제품(n=8, 80%)이 국산 제품(n=26, 66.7%)보다 높은 비율을 보였다. 시장명, 방언 등의 이름이 혼용되어 다수의 복어종을 밀복, 졸복으로 표시하였다. 이러한 분류체계의 어려움으로 인해 흰점참복, 국매리복과 같은 식용불가 복어가 식용 가능한 복어인 졸복으로 혼용되어 판매되는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 식용 가능한 복어를 정확히 분류할 수 있는 방법의 개발이 필요하며, 수입 및 국내 유통 복어 제품의 주기적인 모니터링이 필요하다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2012

Since the prevalence of allergies is increasing, food allergy is a major concern for consumers, as well as for the food industry. The foods that account for over 90% of all moderate to severe allergic reactions to food are milk, eggs, peanuts, soybeans, fish, shellfish, wheat, and tree nuts. Of these food allergens, milk is one of the major animal food allergens in infants and young children. Milk is the first food that an infant is exposed to; therefore, the sensitization rate of milk in sensitive individuals is understandably higher. The mechanisms involved in allergic reactions caused by this hypersensitivity are similar to those of other immune-mediated allergic reactions. The reactions occur in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and respiratory tract, with headaches and psychological disorders occurring in some instances. The major allergenic proteins in milk are casein, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, and ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, while some of the minor allergenic proteins are lactoferrin, bovine serum albumin, and immunoglobulin. Reliable allergen detection and quantification are essential for compliance with food allergen-labeling regulations, which protect the consumer and facilitate international trade.