• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.443-456
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• 2019

Objectives: Children are exposed to various environmental pollutants through contact with children's products. We investigated the KC mark, certification number, and contained substances labeled on children's products through market research and collected the toxicological data on these substances. Methods: The environmentally hazardous substances labeled on children's products (n=6576), including toys (n=2812), personal care products (n=2212), stationary/books (n=1333), and playground equipment (n=219) were examined. For the components that could be identified by CAS number, toxicological data on oral, inhalation, and dermal routes, cancer slope factor, and reference dose were collected. Results: Among the investigated products, KC marks or certification numbers were found for 4557 products (69.3%). Except for cosmetics and cleansers, the material information was labeled on most of the products. The frequency of labeling substance information in toys and stationary/books was low since this information could be omitted if KC certification was obtained. In the target products, 617 substances were identified by CAS number, and polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyester were the most frequently displayed. Chronic toxicity data was found for only 32.4% of individual components, and information on toxicity through the dermal route was also highly limited. Conclusion: Our study suggested that labeling guidelines should be required to identify the environmentally hazardous substances contained in children's products. In addition, the toxicological data on many ingredients in children's products were insufficient. The data gap for toxicity data should be filled for future risk assessment.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.1336-1339
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• 2012

In this paper, we focus on solving the classification problem by using semisupervised learning strategy. Traditional classifiers are constructed based on labeled data in supervised learning. Labeled data, however, are often difficult, expensive or time consuming to obtain, as they require the efforts of experienced human annotators. Unlabeled data are significantly easier to obtain without human efforts. Thus, we use AdaBoost algorithm with SVM-KNN classifier to apply semisupervised learning problem and improve the classifier performance. Experimental results on both artificial and UCI data sets show that the proposed methodology can reduce the error rate.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제19D권2호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2012

클래스들 간의 거리를 최대화시키는 사영 방향을 구하는 감독차원감소 방법인 선형판별분석법(LDA)은 클래스 정보를 가진 데이터의 수가 매우 적을 때 성능이 급격히 저하되는 경향이 있다. 이러한 경우 상대적으로 저렴한 비용으로 얻을 수 있는 클래스 라벨 정보가 없는 데이터를 활용할 수 있는 반감독 차원 감소법이 사용될 수 있다. 그러나 통계적 차원 감소법에서 흔히 사용되는 행렬연산은 많은 양의 데이터를 사용하는데 메모리와 처리시간에서 한계가 있고, 적은 수의 라벨드 데이터(labeled data)에 비해 너무나 많은 언라벨드 데이터(unlabeled data)의 사용은 처리 시간의 증가에 비해 오히려 성능감소를 가져올 수 있다. 이러한 문제들을 극복하기 위해 앙상블 접근법을 이용한 반감독 차원 감소 방법을 제안한다. 문서분류 문제에서의 실험결과를 통해 제안한 방법의 성능을 입증한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.369-375
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• 1999

Hyperthroidism in known to alter the activity of a number of enzymes involved in the catabolism of histidine to CO2. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase(EC 1.5, 1.6, 10-formyl-THE dehydrogenase) catalyzes the NADP-dependent conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2. In previous studies, 10-formyl-THF dehydrogenase purified from rat and pig liver was coidentified with the cytosolic folate-binding protein. In this study, we investigated the effects of feeding thyroid powder (TP) and thiouracil(TU) on the folate-binding properties of 10-formyl-THE dehydrogenase, the uptake of an injected dose of [3H] folate, and the metabolism of labeled folate to pteroylopoly-${\gamma}$-glutamate in rat liver. The initial hepatic uptake(24hr) of the labeled folate dose was higher in TU-rats and slightly higher in TP-rats in controls. With longer time periods, decreased hepatic uptake of labeled folate was observed in TP-animals compared to euthroid animals, and high levels of hepatic uptake of labeled folate were maintained in TU-animals. This data shows that high levels of thyroid hormone decreased the retention of folate in rat liver. Folate polygutamate chain length was shorter in TU-rats than controls, which suggests that thyroid states do not affect the ability to synthesize pteroylpolyglutamates and that folate polyglutamate might be modulated by altered folate pool size. The ability of 10-formyl-THE dehydrogenase to bind folate in rat liver was similar in both TP-and TU-rats although dehydrogenase activity was changed by thyroid sates.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2014

The accuracy and noninvasive nature of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method makes it ideal for the study of human energy metabolism in free-living conditions. However, the DLW method is not always practical in many developing and Asian countries because of the high costs of isotopes and equipment for isotope analysis as well as the expertise required for analysis. This review provides information about the theoretical background and practical aspects of the DLW method, including optimal dose, basic protocols of two-and multiple-point approaches, experimental procedures, and isotopic analysis. We also introduce applications of DLW data, such as determining the equations of estimated energy requirement and validation studies of energy intake.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2001

It has been demonstrated that multipotent neuronal progenitor cells can be isolated from the developing or adult CNS and proliferated in vitro in response to epidermal growth factor. The present study was undertaken to investigate the differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells after transplantation into the neonatal rat forebrain striatum. Primary cultured progenitor cells were labeled with 3,3'-dioctadecycloxacarbonyl- amine perchlorate (DiO). DiO labeled progenitor cells were implanted into neonatal rat striatum. Implanted DiO labeled progenitor cells were differentiated into astrocytes and GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that implanted progenitor cells can be differentiated into neurons in host forebrain striatum. In addition, our data show that DiO labeling is a useful technique for tracing implanted progenitor cells.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.2801-2816
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• 2016

Owing to their low scalability, weak support on big data, insufficient data collaborative analysis and inadequate situational awareness, the traditional methods fail to meet the needs of the security data analysis. This paper proposes visualization methods to fuse the multi-source security data and grasp the network situation. Firstly, data sources are classified at their collection positions, with the objects of security data taken from three different layers. Secondly, the Heatmap is adopted to show host status; the Treemap is used to visualize Netflow logs; and the radial Node-link diagram is employed to express IPS logs. Finally, the Labeled Treemap is invented to make a fusion at data-level and the Time-series features are extracted to fuse data at feature-level. The comparative analyses with the prize-winning works prove this method enjoying substantial advantages for network analysts to facilitate data feature fusion, better understand network security situation with a unified, convenient and accurate mode.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2006

Transductive Support Vector Machine(TSVM) is one of semi-supervised learning algorithms which exploit the domain structure of the whole data by considering labeled and unlabeled data together. Although it was proposed several years ago, there has been no efficient algorithm which can handle problems with more than hundreds of training examples. In this paper, we propose an efficient branch-and-bound algorithm which can solve large-scale TSVM problems with thousands of training examples. The proposed algorithm uses two bounding techniques: min-cut bound and reduced SVM bound. The min-cut bound is derived from a capacitated graph whose cuts represent a lower bound to the optimal objective function value of the dual problem. The reduced SVM bound is obtained by constructing the SVM problem with only labeled data. Experimental results show that the accuracy rate of TSVM can be significantly improved by learning from the optimal solution of TSVM, rather than an approximated solution.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.473-485
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• 2001

This study is intended to develop a reliable and appropriate instrument of the clinical nursing education. This research consisted of 4 steps. First step is construction of the content validity by 1 Korean literature professor and 1 teaching professor in Ga Chon Gil College, the pilot study for the content validity by 14 professors and survey with four points Likert Scale, which includes from the point 'strongly valid' to the point of 'strongly non-valid', by 113 head nurses who guide and evaluate the students in clinical practice. The third step is the test of validity and reliability of the preliminary evaluation tool. The fourth step is the test of validity and reliability of the developmental evaluation tool. The data were collected from Sep. 10th, 2001 to Sep. 28th, 2001. This study was analyzed by SPSS PC+ for descriptive statistics, factor analysis and Cronbach's Co-efficient Alpha of the collected data. The results of these analysis are like as follows. 1. Evaluation tool of Clinical practice consists of 16 items including four categories : factor 1 was labeled 'desirable attitude'(5 items), factor 2 was labeled 'correctly judgement and nursing problem solving'(4 items), factor 3 was labeled 'adaptive ability of nursing knowledge and skill'(4 items), factor 4 was labeled 'desirable human relationship'(3 items) and these contributed 71.992% of the variance in the total score. 2. Cronbach's Co-efficient Alpha for internal consistency was .9128 for the total 16 items. For further research, it need to develop a variable and reliable instrument of the student self-evaluation and instrument that based on community.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권6B호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2005

오늘날 사용자들의 네트워크 사용량은 인터넷 망의 공급을 앞질러 가고 있다. 따라서 단일 광섬유 하나의 잠재적인 대역폭이 큰 광 인터넷 기술은 꼭 필요한 기술로서 인식되고 그 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그 중 OBS 망은 기존에 제안되었던 기술보다 상용화 가능성이 매우 크다. 또한 최근에는 MPLS의 레이블 스위칭 개념을 도입한 Labeled OBS에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 OBS 망은 데이터를 모아서 버스트 단위로 전송하므로, 하나의 버스트 손실이라도 망 전체의 성능에 큰 영향을 미치고, 어느 한 지점으로 트래픽이 집중하게 되면 채널을 예약하지 못한 버스트들은 모두 손실로 처리되어 엄청난 양의 데이터손실을 야기한다. 따라서 OBS 망에서 혼잡 제어를 통하여 혼잡 상황이 좋아질 때까지 트래픽의 유입을 제어할 필요성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 OBS 망의 혼잡 상황에 대하여 버스트 전송을 제어하는 방법을 이용하여 혼잡 상황에 효과적으로 대처하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 혼잡 제어 기법을 통해 OBS 망의 수율 저하를 최소로 하고, 버스트의 손실은 크게 줄였다.