• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.650-657
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the suppressive effect of acorn extracts, by evaluating 70% ethanol extract (AE) and hot water extract (AW) using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We applied various levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and $500 {\mu}g/mL$) of AE and AW to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The cell viability of the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was not affected by up $300 {\mu}g/mL$ of extracts, but was suppressed by level $500{\mu}g/mL$ of both AE and AW by 20% and 9% respectively. The accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was dose-dependently suppressed by AE and AW. Especially, at high concentrations ($300{\mu}g/mL$), AE (42%) was more effective than AW (41%). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also dose-dependently suppressed by treatment with AE (58%) and AW (52%). With regard to the mRNA related to differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, $PPAR-{\gamma}$ and aP2 were suppressed by treatment with AE (54 and 40%) and AW (38 and 18%). From our results, acorn extract (AE) has more suppressive effects than AW in differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We therefore concluded that acorn has suppressive effects against obesity in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells due to antioxidation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2006

In order to minimize the reduction of lysine productivity by accumulation of lysine and byproducts in the end of fed-batch fermentations, a salt-tolerant mutant C14-49-3-15-7-3-20, which could grow at high concentrations of NaCl was isolated through mutagenesis from the Corynebacterium glutamicum mother strain I. In the evaluation of L-lysine productivity by fed-batch fermentations using a 5 L jar fermenter, the salt-tolerant mutant strain C14-49-3-15-7-3-20 produced 130.6 g/L of L-lysine with a 48.6% of yield. The mother strain I produced L-lysine concentration only 104.9 g/L with a yield 41.8%, implying the improvement of L-lysine productivity by introduction of salt-tolerance character.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.441-445
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• 2008

A series of aluminum complexes supported by $\beta$-ketoamino, ligand-bearing, 3-position substituents $LAlEt_2$ ($L=CH_3C(O)C(Cl)=C(CH_3)NAr\;(L_1)$, $L=CH_3C(O)C(H)=C(CH_3)NAr\;(L_2)$, $L=CH_3C(O)C(Ph)=C(CH_3)NAr\;(L_3)$, and $L=CH_3C(O)C(Me)=C(CH_3)NAr\;(L_4)$, $Ar=2,6-^iPr_2C6H_3$) were synthesized in situ and employed in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of $\varepsilon$-caprolactone ($\varepsilon$-CL) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO). The 3-position substituents on the $\beta$-ketoamino ligand backbone of the aluminum complexes influenced the catalyst activity remarkably for both ROP of $\varepsilon$-CL and CHO. Aluminum $\beta$-ketoamino complexes displayed different catalytic behavior in ROP of $\varepsilon$-CL and CHO. The order of the catalytic activity of $LAlEt_2$ was $L_1AlEt_2$>$L_2AlEt_2$>$L_3AlEt_2$>$L_4AlEt_2$ for ROP of $\varepsilon$-CL, being opposite to the electron-donating ability of the 3-position substituents on the $\beta$-ketoamino ligand, while the order of the catalytic activity for ROP of CHO was $L_1AlEt_2$>$L_3AlEt_2$>$L_4AlEt_2$>$L_2AlEt_2$. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the ROP were also investigated for both $\varepsilon$-CL and CHO.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objectives: Noni fruit juice (NFJ) is liquor extracted from Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit and has been used as an herbal remedy in many countries. However, the NFJ's anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on adipocytes are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the commercially standardized NFJ effects on lipid accumulation throughout 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: Cellular lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were assessed subsequently via the Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay. MTS assay was used to examine NFJ cytotoxicity in (differentiating) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Immunoblotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to measure the expression levels of target protein and mRNA in (differentiating) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, respectively. Results: NFJ treatment at 150 μL/mL led to a substantial reduction of fat accumulation and TG content during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis with no discernable impact on the cell viability. Of note, while NFJ treatment (150 μL/mL) largely inhibited the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β (PPAR-β) protein expressions, it did not influence PPAR-γ in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Of interest, treatment with IL-1β at 20 ng/mL for 4 hours elicited in firm induction of iNOS mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. However, NFJ treatment at 100 or 200 μL/mL greatly attenuated the IL-1β-induced iNOS mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Conclusions: NFJ has anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on (differentiating) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes which are in part intervened via control of the expression of C/EBP-α, PPAR-β, and iNOS.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria, useful in the fermentation industry from Hahyangju Nuruk. Five strains were isolated, and identified as Lactobacillus based on growth inhibition by 10% (v/v) alcohol at pH 4.0. Isolated strains were identified to species, and named Lactobacillus plantarum L-3, L. sakei L-10, and L. curvatus strains L-8, L-11, and L-12. Morphological characteristics, physiological data, carbohydrate fermentation patterns, and 16S rRNA sequence data, were all used to characterize the bacterial isolates. L. plantarum L-3 showed the highest lactic acid productivity of all isolates, but grew only poony in the presence of 10% (v/v) alcohol at pH 4.0. The other strains exhibited lower lactic acid productivity than did L. plantarum L-3 and did not grow in the presence of 10% (v/v) alcohol at pH 4.0. The optimal temperature and pH for lactic acid production were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0 7.0, respectively. The lactic acid productivity of L. plantarum L-3, L. sakei L-10 and the three L. curvatus strains L-8, L-11, and L-12 were (% v/v of culture supematant) 1.55, 1.0, 1.06, 1.0, and 0.99, respectively, at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. While L. plantarum L-3 suffered growth inhibition in the presence of 10% (v/v) alcohol, growth of the other strains was inhibited at 8% (v/v) alcohol.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.206-208
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• 1990

Cu(II) hexaazamacrotricyclic complexes $[Cu(L)](ClO_4)_2$ and $[(Cu(L)Cl]ClO_4$, where L = 1,3,6,9,11,14-hexaazatricyclo$[12.2.1.1^{6,9}]octadecane(L_1)$ or 1,3,6,10,12,15-hexaazatricyclo$[13.3.1.1^{6,10}]eicosane(L_2)$, have been prepared by the simple template condensation reactions of triamines, diethylenetriamine for $L_1$, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine for $L_2$, with formaldehyde in the presence of $Cu(OAc)_2\;or\;CuCl_2$. The Cu(II) complexes of $L_1$ contain two 1,3-diazacyclopentane ring moieties and those of $L_2$ contain two 1,3-diazacyclohexane ring moieties that are fused to the 14-membered macrocyclic framework. Spectra indicate that complexes $[Cu(L)](ClO_4)_2\;and\;[Cu(L)Cl]ClO_4$ have square-planar and square-pyramidal chromophores, respectively. square-planar $[Cu(L)](ClO_4)_2$ are remarkably stable against ligand dissociation in acidic aqueous solutions. Square-pyramidal $[Cu(L)Cl]ClO_4$ complexes dissociate their axial Cl-ligands easily in aqueous solutions to form $[Cu(L)H_2O]^{2+}$ species. Infrared and UV/vis absorption spectra of the Cu(II) complexes reveal that Cu-N interactions and the ligand field strengths are significantly weaker in the complexes of $L_2$ than in the complexes of $L_1$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2016

Consistent with a previous study on the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (BPH) (Seo et al., 2009), we identified seven distinct EPG waveforms (np, L1, L2, L3, L4-a, L4-b, and L5) in adult female Laodelphax striatellus (SBPH) that fed on rice plants, by using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC-EPG) system. The shape of waveforms and the pattern of occurrence of each waveform of SBPH were very similar to those of BPH. L3 and L4-a always occurred prior to L4-b. Periodical honeydew excretion was observed in L4-b only. Microsection observation following laser stylectomy revealed that the tips of SBPH stylets severed in L3, L4-a, and L4-b were commonly located in or near the phloem region of rice plants, but were located in the xylem in L5. Plant sap flowed from the stylets severed in L4-b only, and its main carbohydrate component was detected as sucrose by HPLC analysis. These results and the patterns of EPG waveform progress in SBPH suggested that feeding activities on rice plant tissue were relevant to each EPG waveform. L1 and L2 corresponded to the initiation of stylet penetration and stylet movement with salivation on the outside of the vascular bundle. L3 and L4-a were related to feeding activities within the phloem region in preparation for phloem sap ingestion. L4-b was closely associated with phloem sap ingestion, and L5 corresponded to xylem feeding behavior.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-96
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• 2006

Objectives : This study wad designed to elucidate the short term effect of Rossa rugosae Radix on proliferation, differentiation and maturation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte. Methods : 3T3-L1 preadipocytes obtained from Korean Cell line Bank were cultured in a Dulbecco's modified eagle medium(DMED) culture colution containing 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS) and various concentration of aqueous extract of Rossa rugosae Radix on proliferation, differentiation and maturation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were investigate after treatment for 24 hours b measuring MTT, Oil Red O and latate dehydrogenase activity.. Results : The Rossa rugosae Radix extract inhibited significantly the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and tended to increase latate dehydrogenase activity in the media of differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes & matured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. the extract also inhibit the lipid accumulation of differentiated and maturaion of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, suggesting that Rossa rugosae Radix has anti-obesity effect: however further in vivo study is needed to demonstrate its pharmacological effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 1998

It has not been clear whether L-arginine plays solely a role contributing to vascular nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. To investigate the mechanisms by which L-arginine induces vasorelaxation, effects of L-arginine on the isometric tension, and tissue NOx and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP) contents were examined in the isolated rat thoracic aorta. L-Arginine induced a dose-dependent relaxation of aortic rings only with intact endothelium only. The vasorelaxation response to low concentrations of L-arginine was abolished by the pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME, 10-4 mol/L), whereas the relaxation caused by higher concentrations L-arginine(10-5-10-3 mol/L) was maintained and even more pronounced in the presence of L-NAME. L-Arginine did not affect the vascular tension precontracted with KCl. The vascular tissue contents of NOx/cGMP were not significantly affected by L-arginine, while they were decreased by L-NAME. L-Arginine could not completely recover the NOx/cGMP decreased by L-NAME. Methylene blue only partially antagonized the relaxation response to L-arginine. Indomethacin did not affect the L-arginine-induced vasorelaxation, whereas ouabain markedly attenuated the relaxation. It is suggested that L-arginine induces vasorelaxation not only through its contribution to NO synthesis, but also through enhancing another endothelium-dependent mechanism which is NO/cGMP-independent and cyclooxygenase- independent.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.434-439
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• 1995

Six-coordinate molybdenum(Ⅴ)-oxo complexes, (R4N)[MoO(NCS)2L](R=CH3, C2H5, n-C4, H9) with S-methyl-3-(2-hydroxy-x-phenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate(L1: x=5-H) and its derivatives (L2:x=5-CH3, L3: x=3-CH3O, L4: x=5,6-C4H4 and L5: x=5-NO2) have been synthesized and the structural, spectral and electrochemical properties of the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, UV-Vis, IR, 1H NMR, and CV (cyclic voltammetry).