• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.58-64
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• 2001

This paper is described about design and manufacture of the LVI tester and the model transformer. And we develope the analysis technology of the LVI test with using the developed LVI tester and the model transformer. The LVI tester is consisted of a main body, terminal boxes and cables. It is estimated that the tester has output characteristic to match ANSI specification. The winding deformation models are made of model transformer having tapes and we discuss about the analysis technology of LVI test using the tester and the model transformer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.97-103
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• 2002

The assessment of the condition of a transformer winding which is suspected of having suffered short circuit damage can be difficult. Conventional test such as winding resistance, magnetic current or insulation resistance will only detect damage if a permanent electrical fault exists. Visual inspection of windings necessitates the removal of oil and in many cases only a very small proportion of the winding can be seen. We describe the characteristic of LVI test system and methods to detect the deformation of windings in the power transformers. As the front rise time of recurrent-surge generator pulse less than 1000 ㎱ and the peak value of pulse is about 500 V, we have the good results of detecting winding deformation in the LVI test of transformers.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.332-339
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effects of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who underwent surgical resection. Materials and Methods: A total of 63 non-metastatic TNBC patients who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively investigated from 2007 to 2016 in Inje University Busan Paik Hospital. Pathological tests revealed that 12 patients (19.0%) had LVI. Approximately 61.9% (n = 39) of the patients' samples stained positive for p53. Additional chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) were performed in 53 (84.1%) and 47 (74.6%) patients, respectively. Results: The median follow-up period was 39.5 months (range, 5.9 to 123.0 months). The pathological T stage (p = 0.008), N stage (p = 0.014), and p53 positivity (p = 0.044) were associated with LVI. Overall, the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were 85.4% and 90.2%, respectively. Ten patients (15.9%) experienced relapse. LVI (n = 12) was associated with relapses (p = 0.016). p53 positivity was correlated with poor DFS (p = 0.048). Furthermore, LVI was related to poor DFS (p = 0.011) and OS (p = 0.001) and considered as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (p = 0.039). The 3-year DFS of patients with LVI (n = 12) was only 58.3%. Adjuvant RT minimized the negative prognostic effect of LVI on DFS (p = 0.068 [with RT] vs. p = 0.011 [without RT]). Conclusion: LVI was related to the detrimental effects of disease progression and survival of TNBC patients. Thus, a more effective treatment strategy is needed for TNBC patients with LVI.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1416-1421
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• 1992

There are many objective indices of operative outcome of funnel chest, but there has been only a few report about the postoperative change of these indices and which is best correlated with subjective outcome. From January 1989 to December 1991, 74 patients with funnel chest underwent Ravitch operation and radiologic evaluation was performed on the twenty patients whose operative outcome were satisfactory by Humphreys` criteria and postoperative chest X-ray were available. Variable radiologic chest idices such as deformity grade [DG], lower vertebral index [LVI], upper vertebral index [UVI] and configuration index [CI] were measured preoperatively and 1, 6, 12 and 18 months pos-toperatively. The mean value of preoperative DG, LVI, UVI and CI were 5.32, 0.3, 0.26 and 1.01 respectively, and postoperative chages were as follows; DG; 3.13, 3.66, 3, 72, 4.0, LVI: 0.22, 0, 24, 0.25, 0.25 UVI; 0.27, 0.27, 0.27, 0.27 CI; 0.69, 0.77, 0.76, 0.79. The increments of CI were within the 90 percent confidence limit of normogram in most cases, but it was not true for LVI and UVI. And the differences between the observed and expected values of CI did not change significantly through the postoperative periods, which was not the case in LVI. We concluded from these results that 1] DG, LVI and CI were increased slowly during the postoperative follow up periods but the increments of CI were usually within the normal limits and so 2] CI can be used as a objective index of satisfactory outcome.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1363-1367
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• 2014

This research was conducted to compare differences in colon cancer lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) with D2-40 antibody labeling and regular HE staining, blood vessel invasion (BVI) with CD34 antibody labeling and HE staining and to assess the possibility of using D2-40-LVI/CD34-BVI in combination for predicting stage II colon cancer prognosis and guiding adjuvant chemotherapy.Anti-D2-40 and anti-CD34 antibodies were applied to tissue samples of 220 cases of stage II colon cancer to label lymphatic vessels and small blood vessels, respectively. LVI and BVI were assessed and multivariate COX regression analysis was performed for associations with colon cancer prognosis. Regular HE staining proved unable to differentiate lymphatic vessels from blood vessels, while D2-40 selectively labeled lymphatic endothelial cell cytosol and CD34 was widely expressed in large and small blood vessels of tumors as well as normal tissues. Compared to regular HE staining, D2-40-labeling for LVI and CD34-labeling for BVI significantly increased positive rate (22.3% vs 10.0% for LVI, and 19.1% vs 9.1% for BVI). Multivariate analysis indicated that TNM stage, pathology tissue type, post-surgery adjuvant chemotherapy, D2-40-LVI, and CD34-BVI were independent factors affecting whole group colon cancer prognosis, while HE staining-BVI, HE staining-LVI were not significantly related. When CD34-BVI/D2-40-LVI were used in combination for detection, the risk of death for patients with two or one positive results was 5.003 times that in the LVI(-)&BVI(-) group (95% CI 2.365 - 9.679). D2-40 antibody LVI labeling and CD34 antibody BVI labeling have higher specificity and accuracy than regular HE staining and can be used as molecular biological indicators for prognosis prediction and guidance of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2020

Purpose: The standard treatment for stage IB gastric cancer is curative surgery alone, but some patients show poor survival with disease recurrence after curative surgery. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors of recurrence and long-term survival in patients with stage IB gastric cancer after surgery. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 253 patients with stage IB gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between 2011 and 2016 at Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital and analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics associated with recurrence and survival. Results: Fourteen patients experienced recurrence with a mean follow-up of 54.1 months. Two of these patients had locoregional recurrence and 12 patients had systemic recurrence. The median interval between the operation day and the day of recurrence was 11 months (range 4-56 months). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) (hazard ratio [HR], 3.851; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.264-11.732) and the elderly (age≥65) (HR, 3.850; 95% CI, 1.157-12.809) were independent risk factors for recurrence after surgery. The LVI (HR, 3.630; 95% CI, 1.105-11.923) was the independent prognostic factors for disease-specific survival (DSS). The 5-year DSS rates were 96.8% in patients who did not have LVI, and 89.3% in patients who had LVI. Conclusions: This study shows that LVI was associated with recurrence and poor survival in patients with stage IB gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy. Patients diagnosed with LVI require careful attention for systemic recurrence during the follow-up period.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.997-1001
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• 2013

Background: Lymphangiogenesis, assessed as lymphovascular density (LVD), is the initial step of generalized tumor lymphovascular invasion (LVI). It also involves VEGF-C as the most important protein family. Lymphangiogenesis among breast cancer cases correlations with several clinicopathological factors are important to determine prognosis and treatment strategies, but results have been controversial and require clarification. Aim: To define correlations between VEGF-C expression, LVD and LVI with several clinicopathological parameters from Indonesian breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study, a total of 48 paraffin-embedded tissues of breast cancer from Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Indonesia were assessed for VEGF-C expression, LVD and LVI by immunohistochemistry. Correlations of these markers with clinicopathological parameters like patient age, tumor size, lymph node status, grade, ER/PR and Her-2 status, cell proliferation and p-53 expression were investigated by linear analysis. Correlations of VEGF-C expression and LVI with several clinicopathological parameters were analyzed with Coefficient Contingency Chi-Square test. Results: The mean of patients age was 53.0 year, pre and post-menopausal patients accounting for 56.3% and 43.8%, respectively. Some 10.4% were well, 41.7% moderate and 47.9% poorly differentiated. ER positivity was evident in 50% while PR and Her-2 positivity was found in 31.3% and 33.3%, respectively. Breast cancer cells with over-expression of p-53 was 64.6% and with high cell proliferation was 56.3%. Lymph node metastasis was noted in 63.5%, and LVI in 72.9%. Significant correlations were found between LVD and tumor size (p:0.037), grade (p:0.000), lymphnode status (p:0.036), LVI (p:0.003), as well as with p-53 and cell proliferation. There were also significant correlation of VEGF-C (p:0.011) and LVI (p:0.001) with tumor grade. Only ER status was found to have a correlation with tumor size (p:0.027). Conclusions: This study suggested that in Indonesian breast cancer patients, lymphangiogenesis is correlated with tumor size, grade, lymph node status and tumor lymphovascular invasion, the latter also being related with p-53 over expression and high cell proliferation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2020

Purpose: The guidelines for pathological evaluation of early gastric cancer (EGC) recommend wider section intervals for surgical specimens (5-7 mm) than those for endoscopically resected specimens (2-3 mm). Studies in surgically resected EGC specimens showed not negligible lymph node metastasis risks in EGCs meeting the expanded criteria for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 401 EGC lesions with an endoscopic size of ≤ 30 mm detected in 386 patients. Pathological specimens obtained by ESD or surgery were cut into 2-mm section intervals for reference. Submucosal or lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was evaluated arbitrarily in 4- or 6-mm section intervals. McNemar's tests compared the differences between submucosal and LVI. Results: Submucosal invasion was detected in 29.2% (117/401) and LVI in 9.5% (38/401) at 2-mm interval. The submucosal invasion detection rates in 4-mm intervals decreased to 88.0% or 90.6% (both P<0.001), while the LVI detection rates decreased to 86.8% or 57.9% (P=0.025 and P<0.001, respectively). In 6-mm intervals, the submucosal and LVI detection rates decreased further to 72.7-80.3% (P<0.001 for all three sets) and 55.3-63.2% (P<0.001 for all three sets), respectively. Among 150 out-of-indication cases at 2-mm interval, 4-10 (2.7%-6.7%) at 4-mm intervals, and 10-17 (6.7%-11.3%) at 6-mm intervals were misclassified as lesions meeting the curative resection criteria due to the underestimation of submucosal or LVI. Conclusions: After ESD, the 2-mm wide section interval was suitable for the pathological evaluation of focal submucosal or LVI. Thus, if an EGC lesion meets the expanded criteria for the ESD specimen pathological evaluation, it could be safely followed up.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6287-6293
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• 2014

Background: Invasion of breast cancer cells into blood and lymphatic vessels is one of the most important steps for metastasis. In this study the prognostic relevance of lymphangiogenesis and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in breast cancer patients was evaluated in terms of survival. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study concerned 518 breast cancer patients who were treated at Department of Surgical Oncology, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata-700063, West Bengal, India, a reputed cancer centre and research institute of eastern India between January 2006 and December 2007. Results: The median overall survival and disease free survival of the patients were 60 months and 54 months respectively. As per Log-rank test, poor overall as well as disease free survival pattern was observed for LVI positive patients as compared with LVI negative patients (p<0.01). Also poor overall as well as disease free survival pattern was observed for perineural invasion (PNI) positive patients as compared to PNI negative patients (p<0.01). Conclusions: From this study it is evident that LVI and PNI are strongly associated with outcome in terms of disease free as well as overall survival in breast cancer patients. Thus LVI and PNI constitute potential targets for treatment of breast cancer patients. We advocate incorporating their status into breast cancer staging systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.251-256
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• 2000

The assessment of the condition of a transformer winding which is suspected of having suffered short circuit damage can be difficult. Conventional test such as winding resistance, magnetisation current or insulation resistance will only detect damage if a permanent electrical fault exists. Visual inspection of windings necessitates the removal of oil and in many cases only a very small proportion of the winding can be seen. We describe the characteristics. As the front rise time of recurrent-surge generator pulse less than 1000ns and the peak value of pulse is about 500V, we have the good results of detecting winding deformation in the LVI test of transformers.