• Title/Summary/Keyword: LTM

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An Improved Reinforcement Learning Technique for Mission Completion (임무수행을 위한 개선된 강화학습 방법)

  • 권우영;이상훈;서일홍
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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    • v.52 no.9
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    • pp.533-539
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    • 2003
  • Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely used as a learning mechanism of an artificial life system. However, RL usually suffers from slow convergence to the optimum state-action sequence or a sequence of stimulus-response (SR) behaviors, and may not correctly work in non-Markov processes. In this paper, first, to cope with slow-convergence problem, if some state-action pairs are considered as disturbance for optimum sequence, then they no to be eliminated in long-term memory (LTM), where such disturbances are found by a shortest path-finding algorithm. This process is shown to let the system get an enhanced learning speed. Second, to partly solve a non-Markov problem, if a stimulus is frequently met in a searching-process, then the stimulus will be classified as a sequential percept for a non-Markov hidden state. And thus, a correct behavior for a non-Markov hidden state can be learned as in a Markov environment. To show the validity of our proposed learning technologies, several simulation result j will be illustrated.

Accuracy of EPFM Approach Based on the p-Version of F.E.M. (p-Version 유한요소법에 기초한 EPFM 해석법의 정확성)

  • 홍종현;우광성;박진환
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 1999.10a
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    • pp.429-436
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    • 1999
  • The best available solution to predict the fatigue life of structural steels is the implementation of EPFM approach based on the principles and techniques of elasto plastic fracture mechanics. To predict the fatigue life, the conventional Paris law has been modified by substituting the range of J-value denoted by ΔJ for ΔK that is calculated by the proposed p-version model. The proposed P-version finite element model is formulated by the incremental theory of Plasticity that consists of the constitutive equation fur elastic-perfectly plastic materials, Tresca/von-Mises yield criteria, and associated flow rule. The experimental fatigue test is conducted with five UP(Center Clucked Panels) specimens to validate the accuracy of the p-version finite element model. Also, the results obtained by LTM approach have been compared with those by EPFM approach.

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Coupled Loads Analysis of KOMPSAT-1 (다목적실용위성 1호의 연성 하중 해석)

  • Lee, Ho-Hyung;Kim, Hak-Jung
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2001.06b
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    • pp.442-447
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    • 2001
  • The process and results of the Coupled Loads Analysis performed in the course of the development of the KOMPSAT-1 were introduced in this paper. The process of performing the Coupled Loads Analysis was explained. The finite-element model of KOMPSAT-1 was explained. The load cases analyzed were introduced. With the results obtained from the Coupled Loads Analysis, it was confirmed that the KOMPSAT-1 was safe from the loads transmitted from the launch vehicle during launch vehicle flight.

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Evaluation the Output Dose of Linear Accelerator Photon Beams by Blind Test with Dose Characteristics of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD (LiF:Mg,Cu,P 열형광선량계의 선량특성을 이용한 눈가림법에 의한 출력선량 평가)

  • Choi, Tae-Jin;Lee, Ho-Joon;Yie, Ji-Won;Oh, Young-Gi;Kim, Jin-Hee;Kim, Ok-Bae
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.308-316
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    • 2009
  • To achieve the accurate evaluation of given absorbed dose from output dose of linear accelerator photon beam through investigate the characteristics of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD powder. This experimental TL phosphor is performed with a commercial LiF:Mg,Cu,P powder (Supplied by PTW) and TL reader (LTM, France). The TLD was exposed to 6 MV X rays of linear accelerator photon beam with range 15 to 800 cGy in blind dose at two hospitals. The dose evaluation of TLD was through the experimental algorithms which were dose dependency, dose rate dependency, fading and powder weight dependency. The glow curve has shown the three peaks which are 110, 183 and 232 degrees of heating temperature and the main dosimetric peak showed highest TL response at 232 high temperature. In this experiments, the LiF:Mg,Cu,P phosphor has shown the 2.5 eV of electron trap energy with a second order. This experiments guided the dose evaluation accuracy is within 1% +2.58% of discrepancy. The TLD powder of LiF:Mg,Cu,P was analyzed to dosimetric characterists of electron captured energy and order by glow shape, and dose-TL response curve guided the accuracy within 1.0+2.58% of output dose discrepancy.

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Home-range Analysis of Pipistrelle Bat (Pipistrellus abramus) in Non-Reproductive Season by Using Radio-tracking (원격무선추적을 이용한 집박쥐의 비번식기 행동권 분석)

  • Chung, Chul-Un;Han, Sang-Hoon;Lee, Chong-Il
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.487-492
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to analyze the home range size of Pipistrellus abramus in non-reproductive season. The survey was conducted in the day-roosting site of Pipistrellus abramus located in Gyeongju City(North Gyeongsang Province). We radio-tracked six Pipistrellus abramus(male 3, female 3) and LTM single stage radio transmitter(0.38g), R2000 ATS receiver, three element yagi antenna, roof mounted antenna and ArcGIS 3.3(ESRI, Animal Movement Extension 2.0) were used to locate bats and home range analyze. The home range sizes of the 6 radio-tracked Pipistrellus abramus ranged from 8.97 to 19.07ha(Maen $14.46{\pm}3.44ha$). Mean home range size of female($16.83{\pm}1.96ha$) was larger than that of male($12.08{\pm}2.96ha$) but there were no significant differences in home range sizes between male and female(t=2.32, p>0.05). Also, mean maximum distances from the roost was $468.73{\pm}94.38m$ but there were no significant differences between sexes(female, $422.73{\pm}10.38m$; male, $514.74{\pm}125.74m$; t=-1.26, p>0.05).

Implementation of Sensor Observation Service Prototype for Interoperable Geo-Sensor Networks in Korean Land Spatialization Program

  • Park, Jae-Min;Choi, Won-Ik;Kwon, Dong-Seop;Jung, Yeun-J.;Park, Kwan-Dong
    • Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.63-72
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    • 2009
  • Korean Land Spatialization Program (KLSP) is an R&D program of the National GIS Project for developing ubiquitous GIS technologies under the control of the M inistry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (M LTM). The first program of the KLSP, which lasts from 2006 to 2012, initiated with $132 million of national funds and $42 million of private matching funds. Aiming to develop the 'Innovation of GIS technology for ubiquitous Korean land', the KLSP consists of five core research projects and one research coordination project to practically utilize and commercialize the results of core research projects. The Korean Land Spatialization Group (KLSG) is planning the KLSP Test-Bed for testing, integrating, and exhibiting the KLSP's outcomes. About 40% of the outcomes are related products to geo-sensor and wireless sensor network (W SN). Thus, interoperable, scalable and web accessible frameworks like an OGC SWE (Open Geospatial Consortium Sensor Web Enablement) are mandatory because some of the products must be connected to each other in a KLSG Test-Bed. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the KLSP Test-Bed and the SWE SOS (Sensor Observation Service) prototype, which is developed for interoperable geo-sensor networks of the KLSP.

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Land Use Feature Extraction and Sprawl Development Prediction from Quickbird Satellite Imagery Using Dempster-Shafer and Land Transformation Model

  • Saharkhiz, Maryam Adel;Pradhan, Biswajeet;Rizeei, Hossein Mojaddadi;Jung, Hyung-Sup
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.15-27
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    • 2020
  • Accurate knowledge of land use/land cover (LULC) features and their relative changes over upon the time are essential for sustainable urban management. Urban sprawl growth has been always also a worldwide concern that needs to carefully monitor particularly in a developing country where unplanned building constriction has been expanding at a high rate. Recently, remotely sensed imageries with a very high spatial/spectral resolution and state of the art machine learning approaches sent the urban classification and growth monitoring to a higher level. In this research, we classified the Quickbird satellite imagery by object-based image analysis of Dempster-Shafer (OBIA-DS) for the years of 2002 and 2015 at Karbala-Iraq. The real LULC changes including, residential sprawl expansion, amongst these years, were identified via change detection procedure. In accordance with extracted features of LULC and detected trend of urban pattern, the future LULC dynamic was simulated by using land transformation model (LTM) in geospatial information system (GIS) platform. Both classification and prediction stages were successfully validated using ground control points (GCPs) through accuracy assessment metric of Kappa coefficient that indicated 0.87 and 0.91 for 2002 and 2015 classification as well as 0.79 for prediction part. Detail results revealed a substantial growth in building over fifteen years that mostly replaced by agriculture and orchard field. The prediction scenario of LULC sprawl development for 2030 revealed a substantial decline in green and agriculture land as well as an extensive increment in build-up area especially at the countryside of the city without following the residential pattern standard. The proposed method helps urban decision-makers to identify the detail temporal-spatial growth pattern of highly populated cities like Karbala. Additionally, the results of this study can be considered as a probable future map in order to design enough future social services and amenities for the local inhabitants.

뉴로모픽 시스템용 시냅스 트랜지스터의 최근 연구 동향

  • Nam, Jae-Hyeon;Jang, Hye-Yeon;Kim, Tae-Hyeon;Jo, Byeong-Jin
    • Ceramist
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.4-18
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    • 2018
  • Lastly, neuromorphic computing chip has been extensively studied as the technology that directly mimics efficient calculation algorithm of human brain, enabling a next-generation intelligent hardware system with high speed and low power consumption. Three-terminal based synaptic transistor has relatively low integration density compared to the two-terminal type memristor, while its power consumption can be realized as being so low and its spike plasticity from synapse can be reliably implemented. Also, the strong electrical interaction between two or more synaptic spikes offers the advantage of more precise control of synaptic weights. In this review paper, the results of synaptic transistor mimicking synaptic behavior of the brain are classified according to the channel material, in order of silicon, organic semiconductor, oxide semiconductor, 1D CNT(carbon nanotube) and 2D van der Waals atomic layer present. At the same time, key technologies related to dielectrics and electrolytes introduced to express hysteresis and plasticity are discussed. In addition, we compared the essential electrical characteristics (EPSC, IPSC, PPF, STM, LTM, and STDP) required to implement synaptic transistors in common and the power consumption required for unit synapse operation. Generally, synaptic devices should be integrated with other peripheral circuits such as neurons. Demonstration of this neuromorphic system level needs the linearity of synapse resistance change, the symmetry between potentiation and depression, and multi-level resistance states. Finally, in order to be used as a practical neuromorphic applications, the long-term stability and reliability of the synapse device have to be essentially secured through the retention and the endurance cycling test related to the long-term memory characteristics.

Development of Real-time PCR Assay Based on Hydrolysis Probe for Detection of Epichloë spp. and Toxic Alkaloid Synthesis Genes

  • Lee, Ki-Won;Woo, Jae Hoon;Song, Yowook;Rahman, Md Atikur;Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.201-207
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    • 2022
  • Fescues, which are widely cultivated as grasses and forages around the world, are often naturally infected with the endophyte, Epichloë. This fungus, transmitted through seeds, imparts resistance to drying and herbivorous insects in its host without causing any external damage, thereby contributing to the adaptation of the host to the environment and maintaining a symbiosis. However, some endophytes, such as E. coenophialum synthesize ergovaline or lolitrem B, which accumulate in the plant and impart anti-mammalian properties. For example, when livestock consume excessive amounts of grass containing toxic endophytes, problems associated with neuromuscular abnormalities, such as convulsions, paralysis, high fever, decreased milk production, reproductive disorders, and even death, can occur. Therefore, pre-inoculation with non-toxic endogenous fungi or management with endophyte-free grass is important in preventing damage to livestock and producing high-quality forage. To date, the diagnosis of endophytes has been mainly performed by observation under a microscope following staining, or by performing an immune blot assay using a monoclonal antibody. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular diagnostic method is gaining importance in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and healthcare given the method's advantages. These include faster results, with greater accuracy and sensitivity than those obtained using conventional diagnostic methods. For the diagnosis of endophytes, the nested PCR method is the only available option developed; however, it is limited by the fact that the level of toxic alkaloid synthesis cannot be estimated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a triplex real-time PCR diagnostic method that can determine the presence or absence of endophyte infection using DNA extracted from seeds within 1 h, while simultaneously detecting easD and LtmC genes, which are related to toxic alkaloid synthesis. This new method was then also applied to real field samples.