• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2021

We isolated endophytic fungi from Smilax china and Cryptomeria japonica. These fungal strains were identified based on their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of their internal transcribed spacer, large subunit rDNA, and translation elongation factor 1-α DNA. Among them, we discovered two fungi belonging to the genus Phyllosticta, which have not been previously recorded in Korea. We have described these two fungal strains, Phyllosticta ericarum 19E458 and Phyllosticta philoprina 19E012 in this study.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.172-185
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• 2004

LSU rDNA D1-D2 and SSU rDNA genes of 23 strains in seven Alexandrium (Halim) species, A. tamarense (Lebour) Balech, A. catenella (Whedon et Kofoid), A. fraterculus (Balech) Balech, A. affine (Inoue et Fukuyo) Balech, A. insuetum Balech, A. pseudogonyaulax (Biecheler) Horiguchi ex Yuki et Fukuyo and A. tamiyavanichii Balech, were sequenced and the data were used for molecular phylogenetic analysis. The sequence data revealed 11 and 7 ribotypes in the LSU rDNA D1-D2 region and 4 and 17 ribotypes in the SSU rDNA region of A. catenella and A. tamarense, respectively. Other Alexandrium species had also 1 to 5 ribotypes in the two regions. With the exception of CMC2 and CMC3 of A. catenella, all A. tamarense and A. catenella strains had a common ribotype, a functionally expressed rRNA gene (here termed type A), in both gene regions. In addition to the functionally expressed gene, several pseudogenes were obtained that were found to be good tools to analyze the population designation of regional isolates by grouping them according to shared ribotypes. From the phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data determined in this study and retrieved from GenBank, the genus Alexandrium was divided into 14 groups: 1) A. tamarense, 2) A. excavatum, 3) A. catenella, 4) Tasmanian A. tamarense, 5) A. affine (and/or A. concavum), 6) Thai A. tamarense, 7) A. tamiyavanichii, 8) A. fraterculus, 9) A. margalefii, 10) A. andersonii, 11) A. ostenfeldii, 12) A. minutum (or A. lusitanicum), 13) A. insuetum, and 14) A. pseudogonyaulax. The SSU rDNA gene sequence of A. fundyense was so similar to those of A. tamarense used in this study that the two species were difficult to discriminate each other. A. tamiyavanichii was closest to the A. tamarense strain isolated in Thailand and close to the long chain-forming species of A. affine and A. fraterculus. The phylogenetic tree showed that A. margalefii, A. andersonii, A. ostenfeldii, A. minutum and A. insuetum constituted the basal relative complex, and that A. pseudogonyaulax is an ancestral taxon in the genus Alexandrium.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.205-217
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• 2016

Freshwater red tides due to dinoflagellates have caused spectacular and regular “summer reddening” in recent years in Baishihai Lake, a temperate, meromictic, meso- or oligotrophic, high-altitude, landslide-dammed, deep lake located at the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau in China. Based on morphological and molecular analyses, the causative organism has been identified as a new woloszynskioid dinoflagellate, Tovellia diexiensis Q. Zhang et G. X. Liu sp. nov. The vegetative cells are 20-32 μm long and 16-24 μm wide. They have a hemispherical episome and a broadly rounded hyposome with a short characteristic antapical spine. Usually cells are bright red due to the presence of numerous red-pigmented bodies, which often masked the yellowish green discoid chloroplasts. The amphiesma of motile cells comprise mainly quadrilateral, pentagonal or hexagonal thin plates, arranged in 4-5 latitudinal series on the episome, 1 in the cingulum and 4 on the hyposome. Molecular phylogenies based on small subunit ribosomal DNA and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) indicate T. diexiensis from Baishihai Lake to belong to the family Tovelliaceae, which was monophyletic in our LSU phylogenies. During the bloom-forming period in 2005, cell density of T. diexiensis reached 9.15 × 10⁵ cells L⁻¹. Astaxanthin and its diester were found to be the major pigments in T. diexiensis, resulting in a characteristic blood-red color of the water in Baishihai Lake.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.249-264
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• 2022

Two genera of the Rhodymeniales, Halopeltis and Leptofauchea, are here reported for the first time from the Hawaiian Islands and represent the deepest records for both genera. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), rbcL, and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) sequences for Hawaiian specimens of Leptofauchea revealed one well-supported clade of Hawaiian specimens and three additional lineages. One of these clades is described here as Leptofauchea huawelau sp. nov., and is thus far known only from mesophotic depths at Penguin Bank in the Main Hawaiian Islands. L. huawelau sp. nov. is up to 21 cm, and is the largest known species. An additional lineage identified in the LSU and rbcL analyses corresponds to the recently described L. lucida from Western Australia, and is a new record for Hawai'i. Hawaiian Halopeltis formed a well-supported clade along with H. adnata from Korea, the recently described H. tanakae from mesophotic depths in Japan, and H. willisii from North Carolina, and is here described as Halopeltis nuahilihilia sp. nov. H. nuahilihilia sp. nov. has a distinctive morphology of narrow vegetative axes that harbor constrictions along their length. The current distribution of H. nuahilihilia includes mesophotic depths around W. Maui, W. Moloka'i, and the island of Hawai'i in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Few reproductive characters were observed because of the small number of specimens available; however, both species are distinct based on phylogeny and morphology. These descriptions further emphasize the Hawaiian mesophotic zone as a location harboring many undescribed species of marine macroalgae.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.185-204
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• 2022

The genus Coolia A. Meunier 1919 has a global distribution and is a common member of epiphytic dinoflagellate assemblages in neritic ecosystems. Coolia monotis is the type species of the genus and was the only known species for 76 years. Over the past few decades, molecular characterization has unveiled two species complexes that group morphologically very similar species, so their limits are often unclear. To provide new knowledge on the biogeography and species composition of the genus Coolia, 16 strains were isolated from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California. The species were identified by applying morphological and molecular approaches. The morphometric characteristics of all isolated Coolia species were consistent with the original taxa descriptions. Phylogenetic analyses (large subunit [LSU] rDNA D1 / D2 and internal transcribed spacer [ITS] 1 / 5.8S / ITS2) revealed a species assemblage comprising Coolia malayensis, C. palmyrensis, C. tropicalis, and the C. cf. canariensis lineage. This is the first report of Coolia palmyrensis and C. cf. canariensis in Mexico and C. tropicalis in the Gulf of California. Our results strengthen the biogeographical understanding of these potentially harmful epiphytic dinoflagellate species.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2022

Strain E4, an unrecorded species of dimorphic fungi, was isolated from the gut of earthworms collected in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region revealed that this species is a member of the genus Blastobotrys, Blastobotrys illinoisensis. Strain E4 differed from its closest known species, B. mokoenaii and B. malaysiensis, by harboring 3-5 and 12-14 nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 and ITS regions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene and the ITS region also indicated that strain E4 belongs to the Blastobotrys clade and is distinct from other related species in the clade. The previously unreported isolate could be distinguished from closely related species by its inability to ferment carbon sources. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of Blastobotrys species from the gut of earthworms in Korea. The strain used was E4 (=KCTC 27831=JCM 33428).

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-88
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• 2024

Macrofungi are essential decomposers in the forest environment. Although more than 70% of the land is mountainous, there has been a lack of research on mushroom diversity in Korea compared to the global species estimation. For this reason, the need for further research became apparent. The surveys were conducted from 2014 to 2022 nationwide. As a result, 15 unrecorded macrofungal species were discovered: Agaricus thiersii, Baorangia alexandri, Boletellus putuoensis, Entoloma bulakhae, Entoloma pygmaeopapillatum, Entoloma subtenuicystidiatum, Gerronema kuruvense, Hyphoderma nudicephalum, Hyphoderma tenue, Macrolepiota subcitrophylla, Mycena jingyinga, Mycena yuezhuoi, Ophiocordyceps vespulae, Scytinostroma acystidiatum, and Steccherinum straminellum. These species are identified based on morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the nuclear large subunit rRNA (LSU) region. Here, we provided macro- and micro-morphological figures with phylogenetic trees to support 15 species as unrecorded to Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 2021

Two new species of Fulvifomes are described from specimens collected in rainforests of Nonggang Nature Reserve of southern China, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU) sequences. Fulvifomes nonggangensis sp. nov. is characterized by perennial, sessile and solitary basidiocarps, applanate pileus, small cystidioles of 9.9-15.4 × 2.9-3.5 ㎛, large pores of 5-6 per mm, a dimitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores of 4.3-5.3 × 3.3-4.2 ㎛. F. tubogeneratus sp. nov. is characterized by perennial, sessile, and imbricate basidiocarps, a duplex context, small pores of 7-8 per mm, a dimitic hyphal system, and ovoid to subglobose basidiospores of 5.72 × 5.00 ㎛.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.415-425
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• 2018

To study the characteristics of yeasts, 433 strains of the genus Aureobasidium were isolated from the flowers collected from Jeolla-do in Korea, and the diversity of the strains was confirmed through molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses. Based on phylogenetic analysis of LSU rDNA seguences, the Aureobasidium strains from the Jeolla-do province were classified into six groups. The dominant species of flower-derived yeasts were Groups A and D. Since Groups B, E, and F were found only in Jeollanam-do, we can infer that the Aureobasidium is distributed more widely in Jeollanam-do than in the Jeollabuk-do province. Through LSU and ITS rDNA sequence analyses, Group A was identified as A. pullulans, Group B as A. melanogenum, and Group F as a putative new species of Aureobasidium. Groups C, D, and E do not completely match with A. leucospermi, A. namibiae, or A. subglaciale by LSU or ITS rDNA analysis but are closely related to those species. Comparisons of colony morphology are likely to be more helpful in distinguishing Groups C and D. The results of this study can provide useful characteristics for future studies of the genus Aureobasidium.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2018

The phototrophic dinoflagellate genus Scrippsiella is known to have a worldwide distribution. Here, we report for the first time, the occurrence of Scrippsiella lachrymosa in Korean waters. Unlike the other stains of S. lachrymosa whose cultures had been established from cysts in the sediments, the clonal culture of the Korean strain of S. lachrymosa was established from motile cells. When the sulcal plates of S. lachrymosa, which have not been fully described to date, were carefully examined using scanning electron microscopy, the Korean strain of S. lachrymosa clearly exhibited the anterior sulcal plate (s.a.), right sulcal plate (s.d.), left sulcal plate (s.s.), median sulcal plate (s.m.), and posterior sulcal plate (s.p.). When properly aligned, the large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequence of the Korean strain of S. lachrymosa was ca. 1% different from those of two Norwegian strains of S. lachrymosa, the only strains for which LSU sequences have been reported. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence of the Korean strain of S. lachrymosa was also ca. 1% different from those of the Scottish and Chinese strains and 3% different from those of the Canadian, German, Greek, and Portuguese strains. Thus, the Korean S. lachrymosa strain has unique LSU and ITS sequences. The abundances of S. lachrymosa in the waters of 28 stations, located in the East, West, and South Sea of Korea, were quantified in four seasons from January 2016 to October 2017, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method and newly designed specific primer-probe sets. Its abundances were >$0.1cells\;mL^{-1}$ at eight stations in January and March 2016 and March 2017, and its highest abundance in Korean waters was $26cells\;mL^{-1}$. Thus, S. lachrymosa has a nationwide distribution in Korean waters as motile cells.