• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-96
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was the development of a scale to assess the daily hassles of school age children. The subjects were 398 third and sixth grade children selected from elementary schools in Seoul, Inchon, Taejon, Kwangju and Pusan. Instruments included a questionnaire composed of a 96-item Daily Hassles Coping Scale, demographic questions, a 27-item Children's Depression Inventory, the 42-item Han & Yoo Daily Hassles Scale for Children, and a 30-item Children's Behavior Check List for mothers. Mean, %, ${\chi}^2$, Cramer's V, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis and Pearson's r were used for data analysis. 82 items from the 96-item Daily Hassles Coping Scale were selected through the item discriminant method. (Cramer's V discriminant coefficients ranged from .36 to .79). Five factors were extracted from the lst and 2nd factor analyses. Subscales were "parent-related," "friend-related I," "study-related," "friend-related II," and "teacher-related" stress. Criterion validity of the 82-item scale was confirmed through significant correlations with the Children's Depression Inventory (r=.55) and the Han & Yoo Daily Hassles Scale for Children (r=.22). Internal consistency of this scale was high, including internal reliability of subscales. These results confirm this scale as a valid and reliable measure of daily hassles of school age children.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 1982

Light intensities under and above shading material were measured at different layers (upper, middle and lower layers) and lines (lst, 3rd and 5th lines) on clear and cloudy days in S-year-old ginseng plant populations. Rates of photosynthesis and respiration were also measured in field. Light intensities of the 1st lines at upper and lower layers were relatively high as compared with the 3rd and the 5th lines, and there were no remarkable difference between the 3rd and the 5th line. But in middle layer, the light intensity of each line differed considerably. As compared with fair and clear day, the day of clear but much diffuse light showed high light intensity under shading. Relative light intensity was higher on cloudy day than on clear day. There were notable differences of photosynthetic rates among the lines and the rearest lines exhibited the lowest rates. But it was not considered that even the front plants demonstrated the maximum photosynthetic capacity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.60-73
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• 1997

In order to design a 24 hr sustained release preparation of sulindac for oral administration, fast release pellet (FR), slow release pellet (SR) and two combined formulation (1 : 1 and 1 : 2) were prepared. The pharmacokinetic effect of such preparations has been evaluated using rabbits as a suitable in vivo model, and tested in man. Dose determination was carried out using curve fitting according to RSTPJP II program. In bioavailability test using rabbit, AUCs of sulindac in a few designed formulations were similar to each other. $C_{max}$- of RF and SR were 1.8 times and 1.2 times higher, respectively, compared to that of combined formulation (FR:SR=1:1). While plasma concentration of FR and SR decreased rapidly, that of combined formulation (FR:SR 1:1) lasted at the level close to $C_{max}$ for 24 hrs. Plasma concentration of sulfide form from the combined pellet(FR:SR=1:1) lasted for 24 hrs, and its AUC value was 1.4-fold, 2.7-fold. and 1.2-fold greater than FR pellet, SR pellet and combined pellet (FR:SR 1 : 2). Thus, the combined pellet of 1:1 ratio was found to be the most effective for oral sustained release formulation. Bioavailability test in human showed that AUC of sulfide from TSRP (1 : 1) was approximately 1.5 times greater than total AUC of Immbaron$^{\circledR}$ administered twice in a day. While $T_{max}$ of sulfide from lmmbaron$^{\circledR}$ was 4.33 +/- 1.37 hr (lst administration) and 3.33 ${pm}$ 0.82 hr (2nd administration), respectively, that of sulfide from TSRP increased to 7.17 ${pm}$ 2.86 hr. Plasma concentration of sulfide from TSRP was sustained at more, than 1.0 ${\mu}g{\cdot}$hr/ml until 24 hrs after one dose administration. In addition, TSRP may decrease local adverse reaction in the stomach, since plasma concentration of sulfide from the combined pellet was low within 2hrs in the stomach. In conclusion, it is suggested that TSRP formulation may be effective for oral 24 hr sustained release formulation of sulindac dosing 300 ~ 350mg once a day.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-49
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• 1991

In order to disclose the contamination of the Mushim-Cheon by pollutants and to establish the countermeasures, the water samples collected in November of 1989(lst sample), February(2nd), May(3rd) and August of 1990(4th) were analyzed to obtain the following results : 1. The water temperatures of the seasonal samples ranged from 8.6 to 16.2, 8.3 to 25.2, 18 to 26, and 24 to 32$^{\circ}C$, in the 1st, 2nd , 3rd, and 4th samples, respectively. 2. The pHs of all the samples ranged from 6.5 to 8.5. 3. In the 3rd sample, especially, DO was observed to fall down to 0.8 ppm at the downstream of St 13, which is not allowed even for agricultural use. 4. The BOD and COD values in sewers were much higher than those in the main stream, and especially the values of St 14-A reached 107-608 and 176-635 ppm, respectively, which far exceeded the limit of 40 ppm, the allowed value for the discharges from the disposal facilities. The SS value of St 14A ranged from 142 to 1, 900 ppm, which far exceeded the limit of 70 ppm, the allowed value for the discharges from the disposal facilities. 5. It turned out that the water quality of the Mushim-Cheon flowing through Cheong Ju was more worsened at sewers than the main stream, and at the downstream than the upstream of the surveyed area. Accordingly, the sewage disposal plant and the expansion of the disposal facilities are urgently needed.