• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 2017

This paper presents a verification watermarking applied to healthcare information management. The proposed method uses the whole region based on the public-key cryptograph, which is transformed by the DWT transform to integrity verification. Furthermore, the public-key cryptograph algorithm is used for the embedded watermark image. We adaptively select the upper bit-plane including the LSB parts of each block when the watermark is inserted.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.719-722
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• 2001

최근 정지영상, 동영상, 음성 등의 멀티미디어 컨텐트가 디지털화 되고 네트워크가 발달함에 따라 영상을 포함한 멀티미디어 데이터의 접근이 용이해 졌다. 이러한 데이터의 불법적 사용과 인위적인 조작으로부터 소유권과 저작권을 효율적으로 보호하기 위한 워터마킹 기술이 많이 연구되고 있다. 일반적으로 정지 영상 및 음성에 대한 워터마킹 기술은 많이 연구가 되었지만 이러한 방법을 동영상에 그대로 적용하기에는 실시간 처리에 적용하기가 힘들다는 큰 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 비디오 신호에서의 빠른 처리과정과 실시간으로 워터마크를 삽입하고, 원 영상 없이 워터마크를 추출 할 수 있는 새로운 방법(Blind Watermarking)을 제안하고자 한다. 제안한 방법은 대역확산을 근거로 하여 워터마크 은닉 과정에서 치환(Permutation) 과정과 LSB 부호화 방법을 이용하여 비디오 시퀀스의 모든 I-프레임에 은닉한다. 복원과정은 모든 I-프레임에서 LSB 복호화와 역 치환 과정을 거쳐 본래의 저작권 정보를 추출한다. 제안한 방법을 여러 가지 동영상 비디오에 적용해 본 결과 기존의 워터마킹 방법보다 효율적이고 시각적 손상이 없었으며 빠른 실시간 처리가 가능함을 볼 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.187-193
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose an image watermarking technique that effectively hides confidential data in the LSB of image pixels by utilizing the characteristics of the image. In the proposed technique, the image is precisely divided into boundary surface and normal region other than the boundary surface and performs different processing. The boundary surface existing in the image is created by meeting different regions and contains important information of the image. One bit of confidential data is concealed in the LSB of the pixel at the boundary surface to preserve the characteristics of the boundary surface. In normal region other than the boundary surface, the pixel values are similar, and the change with the adjacent pixel values is smooth. Based on this property, even if the 2 bits of confidential data are hidden in the lower 2 bits of the pixel in the normal region, the difference cannot be visually distinguished. When confidential data is concealed in an image as described above, the amount of confidential data concealed in an image can be increased while maintaining excellent image quality. Concealing confidential data by applying the proposed method increases the amount of confidential data concealed by up to 84.6% compared to the existing method. The proposed technique can be effectively used for commercial image watermarking that hides copyright information.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a highly secure watermarking technique in which the watermark is multi-encrypted using the R, G, and B component pixels of color image, and then the multi-encrypted watermark is hidden in the LSB of the color image pixel. According to the technique proposed in this paper, the quality of the stego-image created by hiding the multi-encrypted watermark in the LSB of the color image is so excellent that the difference from the cover image cannot be recognized. Also, it is possible to extract the original watermark from the stego-image without loss. If the watermark is hidden in the image using the proposed technique, the security of the watermark is maintained very well because the watermark hidden in the stego-image is multi-encrypted. The proposed watermarking technique can be used in the applications such as military and intellectual property protection requiring high security.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.73-76
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• 2001

In this paper, we utilize a HVS(Human Visual System) watermarking method where watermarks are embedded in a DFT domain. The HVS watermarking method is robust for attacks like JPEC, filtering, noise, etc. But, when images are attacked by basic geometric attacks as cropping, scaling, rotation, a watermarks may not be detected. In this paper, we introduce the HVS watermarking method that inserts references In a domain of LSB(Least Significant Bit) of image. Experimental results show that the proposed method based on HVS watermarking method gives more robustness to the basic geometric attacks compared with original HVS watermarking methods.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 2020

In this paper, we proposed an effective technique for hiding the watermark in the LSB of a color image by applying spatial encryption techniques. Even if the watermark hidden in the LSB of the image is extracted, the information of the extracted watermark cannot be decrypted because the watermark is encrypted using various spatial encryption techniques. Therefore, if the watermark is concealed in the LSB using the spatial encryption techniques proposed in this paper, the security is greatly improved compared to the existing technique of embedding the watermark in the LSB. When watermarking is performed by applying the proposed technique, the image quality of the watermark-concealed image is very good, so it is impossible to distinguish it from the original image, and the watermark, which is confidential data, can be extracted from the watermarked image without loss. The performance of the proposed technique was mathematically analyzed and the superiority of the proposed technique was confirmed through experiments. When the watermark was concealed by applying the proposed technique to Lenna, airplane, Tiffany, and pepper images having a size of 512×512, the PSNR values of the watermarked images were 53.91dB, 54.10dB, 54.09dB, and 54.13dB, respectively.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.485-488
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• 2020

In this paper, a technique for securely concealing the watermark, which is intellectual property information, in the image pixel LSB using spatial encryption is proposed. The proposed watermarking technique can be effectively used to protect intellectual property of images. The proposed technique can be used to extract watermark without loss from the stego-image, which is a hidden image of spatially encrypted watermark. The experimental results confirmed the superiority of the proposed technique. As a result of performing watermarking using the proposed technique, the image quality of the stego-image is higher than 51 dB, so humans cannot visually recognize the presence of a watermark. Due to the watermark is spatially encrypted, the security of the watermark is excellent.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.389-395
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• 2000

Digital Watermarking is a research area which aims at hiding secret information in digital multimedia content such as images, audio, and video. In this paper, we propose a new watermarking method with visually recognizable symbols into the digital images using wavelet transform, spread spectrum method and multilevel threshold value in considering the wavelet coefficients. The information of watermark can be extracted by subtracting wavelet coefficients with the original image and the watermarked image. The results of this experiment show that the proposed algorithm was superior to other similar watermarking algorithms. We showed Watermarking algorithm in JPEG lossy compression, resizing, LSB(Least Significant Bit) masking, and filtering.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.181-185
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• 2005

In this paper, the DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform) based watermarking method for authentication and detection of image modification was proposed. The proposed algorithm inserts watermark into high frequency domain after 1-level wavelet transform by exchanging wavelet coefficients and embeds the characteristic values of high frequency domain of original image into the LSB part of watermarked image. Therefore, By extracting LSB values and watermark in the high frequency domain from the watermarked image, we can authenticate the image and detect modified positions.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Digital image watermarking is a technique for the purpose of protecting the ownership of the image by embedding proprietary watermarks in a digital image. It is required for the digital image watermarking scheme to pursue the robustness against water marking attacks and the perceptual Invisibility more than usual in steganography area, to guarantee not a hidden watermarking algorithm but the publicity of water-marking algorithm details and hidden use of key, which can protect the unauthorized user access from detection. In this paper we propose a new copyright watermarking scheme, which is barred on one-way hash functions using ElGamal functions and modular operations. ElGamal functions are widely used in cryptographic systems. Our watermarking scheme is robust against LSB(least significant bit) attacks and gamma correction attack, and also perceptually invisible. We demonstrate the characteristics of our proposed watermarking scheme through experiments. It is necessary to proceed as the future work the algorithm of achieving at the same time both the pseudo-randomness for the steno-key generation and the asymmetric-key generation.