• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1122-1137
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• 2021

PM_2.5 concentration in Seoul could be predicted by deep neural network model. In this paper, the contribution of input factors to the model's prediction results is analyzed using the LRP(Layer-wise Relevance Propagation) technique. LRP analysis is performed by dividing the input data by time and PM concentration, respectively. As a result of the analysis by time, the contribution of the measurement factors is high in the forecast for the day, and those of the forecast factors are high in the forecast for the tomorrow and the day after tomorrow. In the case of the PM concentration analysis, the contribution of the weather factors is high in the low-concentration pattern, and that of the air quality factors is high in the high-concentration pattern. In addition, the date and the temperature factors contribute significantly regardless of time and concentration.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1414-1424
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• 2021

In this paper, the importance of input factors of a DNN (Deep Neural Network) PM_2.5 forecasting model using LRP(Layer-wise Relevance Propagation) is analyzed, and forecasting performance is improved. Input factor importance analysis is performed by dividing the learning data into time and PM_2.5 concentration. As a result, in the low concentration patterns, the importance of weather factors such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, and solar radiation is high, and in the high concentration patterns, the importance of air quality factors such as PM_2.5, CO, and NO₂ is high. As a result of analysis by time, the importance of the measurement factors is high in the case of the forecast for the day, and the importance of the forecast factors increases in the forecast for tomorrow and the day after tomorrow. In addition, date, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure all show high importance regardless of time and concentration. Based on the importance of these factors, the LRP_DNN prediction model is developed. As a result, the ACC(accuracy) and POD(probability of detection) are improved by up to 5%, and the FAR(false alarm rate) is improved by up to 9% compared to the previous DNN model.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.519-523
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• 2005

메주를 이용하여 간장을 제조한 후 분리한 메주 고형 분에 연근분말의 기능성과 관능적 기호도 향상을 위하여 연근분말을 $5\~15\%(w/w)$ 첨가하여 135일간 숙성시켜 된장을 제조하였다. 수분함량은 전통된장규격기준($55\%$이하)보다 낮은 $50.05\~54.04\%$, 아미노산성질소는 기준$(300\;mg\%)$보다 2배 이상 높은 $635\~648\;mg\%$였다. 조단백질은 $11.55\~12.56\%$로 시료구간 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 연근분말 첨가량의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 탄수화물 함량은 대조구 $8.55\%$에 비하여 연근분말 첨가량에 따라 $1.5\~2$배 정도 증가하였으며, 조지 방은 $6.99\~8.55\%$, 회분은 $13.99\~15.17\%$ 정도로 연근첨가량이 증가할수록 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. pH는 모든 시험구에서 숙성 45일째까지 감소하다가 시험구간 유의적인 차이없이 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 산도는 초기 $1.85\~2.18\%$로 약간 낮았으나 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. $15\%$ 연근분말첨가 된장의 total phenolic compound 함량은 대조구의 $368.6\;mg\%$에 비하여 $461.8\;mg\%$로 증가하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7303-7307
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of gemcitabine concomitant with nedaplatin and drug resistance in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and associated molecular predicators. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 patients diagnosed with NSCLC by histology served as the study objects and were randomly divided into an observation group treated with gemcitabine concomitant with nedaplatin and a control group with cisplatin concomitant with gemcitabine, 34 cases for each group. Short-term and long-term efficacies, adverse responses as well as the expression of nucleotide excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1), ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) and lung resistance-related protein (LRP) in NSCLC tissues in both groups were assessed. Results: The short-term objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 35.3% (12/34) and 76.5% (26/34) in the observation group and 38.2% (13/34) and 85.3% (29/34) in the control group, respectively, the differences not being statistically significant. The time to progression (TTP) in both groups were 1~12 months, while the median TTP was 135 d and 144 d, respectively. Though the survival was slightly higher in the control group, there were no significant differences in TTP and survival time. The rates of decreased hemoglobin, vomiting and nausea as well as renal toxicity were evidently lower in the observation group, while other adverse responses demonstrated no significant difference. The positive expression rates of ERCC1, RRM1 and LRP were 47.1% (16/34), 61.8% (21/34) and 64.7% (22/34) in the observation group, respectively. Compared with negative ERCC1 expression, ORR had decreasing trend and the overall survival time (OS) decreased significantly in patients with positive ERCC1 expression, which were markedly decreased by the positive expressions of RRM1 and LRP. Conclusions: Gemcitabine concomitant with nedaplatin has significant effects in the treatment of NSCLC, with an adverse response rate obviously lower than for cisplatin concomitant with gemcitabine, suggesting that wider use in the clinic is warranted. Additionally, the positive expressions of ERCC1, RRM1 and LRP may increase patient drug resistance, so they can be applied as the chemotherapeutic predicators to guide individualized therapy of NSCLC patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2016

This study evaluated the effects of Fructus Corni Officinalis water extract (FCE) on congnitive impairment and Aβ clearance induced by beta amyloid Aβ (1-42) injection in the hippocampus of rat. Aβ (1-42) was injected into the hippocampus using a Hamilton syringe and micropump (5 ㎍/5 ㎕, 1 ㎕/min, each hippocampus bilaterally). FCE was administered orally once a day (100, 250, 500 mg/kg) for 4 weeks after the Aβ (1-42) injection. The acquisition of learning and retention of memory were tested using the Morris water maze. Aβ accumulation and Aβ clearance in the hippocampus were observed using immunostaining. Aβ (1-42) level in plasma was confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). FCE significantly shortened the escape latencies during acquisition training trials. FCE significantly increased the number of target heading to the platform site and significantly shortened the time for the 1^sttargetheadingduringtheretentiontesttrial.FCEsignificantlyattenuatedtheAβ accumulation in the hippocampus produced by Aβ (1-42) injection. FCE significantly increased LRP-1 expression around vessels in the hippocampus and Aβ (1-42) levels in plasma. The results suggest that FCE improved cognitive impairment by ameliorate Aβ clearance and Aβ accumulation in the hippocampus. FCE may be a beneficial herbal formulation in treating cognitive impairment including Alzheimer's disease.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제15권5호통권65호
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• pp.60-72
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• 2000

데스크탑 시스템과 내장형 시스템의 하드웨어 특성과 요구사항은 서로 다르기 때문에 데스크탑 기반의 Unix 운영체제로 널리 쓰이고 있는 GNU/Linux를 내장형 시스템의 운영체제로 사용하기 위해서는 여러 가지 구성 요소들에 대한 최적화가 뒤따라야 한다. GNU/Linux의 최적화를 위해 고려해 볼 수 있는 다섯 가지 방법을 설명하고, 실례로서 ZDISK와 LRP에서 만든 결과를 분석해 보기로 한다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

Periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue is a connective tissue that is interposed between the roots of the teeth and the inner wall of the alveolar bone socket. PDL is always exposed to physiologic mechanical force such as masticatory force and PDL cells play important roles during orthodontic tooth movement by synthesizing and secreting different mediators involved in bone remodeling. The Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling pathway was recently shown to play a significant role in the control of bone formation. In the present study, we applied cyclic tensile stress of 20% elongation to cultured human PDL cells and assessed its impact after six days upon components of the Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling pathway. RTPCR analysis showed that Wnt1a, Wnt3a, Wnt10b and the Wnt receptor LRP5 were down-regulated, whereas the Wnt inhibitor DKK1 was up-regulated in response to these stress conditions. In contrast, little change was detected in the mRNA expression of Wnt5a, Wnt7b, Fz1, and LRP6. By western blotting we found decreased expression of the ${\beta}$-catenin and p-GSK-3${\beta}$ proteins. Our results thus show that mechanical stress suppresses the canonical Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling pathway in PDL cells.

• 지역연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-50
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• 1992

The aim of this paper is to define major factors influencing land development of each of major uses (residential, commercial, industrial) in the process of rapid urban expansion. The main hypothesis of this study is that land use changing patterns are directed by supply side of land managed to public policies rather than demand side. The graphic analysis is applied to relationships between urban growth and land development process of each use and between land development project managed to public policies and land development process. Public and land development projects and zonning protection seem to be major roles of land supply and main determinants of urban spatial structure. Location factors for land development of each uses are selected in 23 variables. Factor analysis is applied to test correlation between variables in 1971 and 1981. Factor structure between two years is similar, but progressive processing of functional separation is derived such as intensive land use is grouped, different location between residential and industrial use is deep. Dependent variables are standardized to logarithm of land development of each use per unit vacant land in two periods, between 1971 and 1980 year and between 1981 year. Correlation analysis between 6 dependent variables and 23 location factors in each years are applied. Major factors of each use are selected in criteria such as high correlation with dependent variables, low correlation between independent variables and common application in two periods. As the result, major factors for residential land development are Land Readjustment Project (LRP), percent of total zoned area in residential zone, residential floor space density per available area, percent of total area in industrial use; for commercial development is distance to CBD, percent of total area in commercial use, residential floor space density per available area in each year, and volumn rate of industrial use; for industrial use is percent of total area of industrial use is percent of total area of industrial use, Industrial Estate Project (IES), LRP, and distance from CBD. Land development pattern of each use between two periods are slightly different. So 6 equation is derived from appling backward method of regession. Adjusted multiple R squares of all is more than 0.5 and those equation is statistically significant and valuable to assist urban land use forecasting.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2010

난포낭종은 소 번식 장애의 주요 원인 중의 하나이며, 다양한 유전자의 변화는 여러 세포와 조직 기능에 영향을 준다. 이러한 유전자 변화는 낭종성 난소에서도 나타날 수 있다. 이온 및 수송체와 관련된 유전자 변화가 한우의 난포낭종을 유발할 수 있을 것이라는 가설 하에 난포낭종성 난포에서 발현 변화를 보이는 유전자를 찾기 위하여 마이크로어레이 분석을 수행하였다. 마이크로어레이 분석 결과, 난포낭종성 난포에서 FGG와 LRP8이 증가하고, SLC44A4, SLC27A5, ANXA8 및 aquaporin 4는 감소하였다. 반정량적 역전사중합효소 연쇄 반응으로 마이크로어레이 분석 결과를 재확인하였다. 6개의 DEG 중 3개의 DEG(FGG, SLC44A4 및 aquaporin 4)는 마이크로어레이 분석 결과와 동일하게 증가와 감소를 보였다. 마이크로어레이와 역전사중합효소 반응에서 동일한 결과를 보이는 3개의 유전자 중 가장 크게 변화를 보인 섬유소원에 중점을 두고 연구를 수행하였다. 마이크로어레이와 역전사중합효소 연쇄 반응은 난포낭종성 난포에서 섬유소원 유전자 발현을 각각 8.4배와 1.7배 증가시켰다. 그러나 난포 및 과립층세포에서 섬유소원의 단백질 양은 웨스턴 블랏 분석으로 분석한 결과, 정상에 비하여 낭종에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구에서 섬유소원은 유전자와 단백질 발현에 있어 상관관계는 보이지 않았지만 섬유소원 유전자는 정상 조직으로부터 난포낭종을 구별하는데 있어서 중요한 생물표지자가 될 수 있는 가능성을 제시한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Consumption of pine nut oil (PNO) was shown to reduce weight gain and attenuate hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of PNO on both intestinal and hepatic lipid metabolism in mice fed control or HFD. MATERIALS/METHODS: Five-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed control diets containing 10% energy fat from either Soybean Oil (SBO) or PNO, or HFD containing 15% energy fat from lard and 30% energy fat from SBO or PNO for 12 weeks. Expression of genes related to intestinal fatty acid (FA) uptake and channeling (Cd36, Fatp4, Acsl5, Acbp), intestinal chylomicron synthesis (Mtp, ApoB48, ApoA4), hepatic lipid uptake and channeling (Lrp1, Fatp5, Acsl1, Acbp), hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolysis and FA oxidation (Atgl, Cpt1a, Acadl, Ehhadh, Acaa1), as well as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly (ApoB100) were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: In intestine, significantly lower Cd36 mRNA expression (P<0.05) and a tendency of lower ApoA4 mRNA levels (P = 0.07) was observed in PNO-fed mice, indicating that PNO consumption may decrease intestinal FA uptake and chylomicron assembly. PNO consumption tended to result in higher hepatic mRNA levels of Atgl (P = 0.08) and Cpt1a (P = 0.05). Significantly higher hepatic mRNA levels of Acadl and ApoB100 were detected in mice fed PNO diet (P<0.05). These results suggest that PNO could increase hepatic TAG metabolism; mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and VLDL assembly. CONCLUSIONS: PNO replacement in the diet might function in prevention of excessive lipid uptake by intestine and improve hepatic lipid metabolism in both control diet and HFD fed mice.