• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Objectives: This research was performed to investigate the effect of invasive low level laser acupuncture therapy(LLLAT) at Yolgyol(LU7), Yogu(LR5) and Yolgyol+Yogu(LU7+LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism, atherogenic index, HTR(HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio) and liver function in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet group(Control group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LU7(LU7 group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LR5(LR5 group), LLLAT at LU7 and LR5(LU7+LR5 group). Animals was treated by the LLLAT at 30mW-5min once a 2day during 5 weeks. Results: Body weight was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food intake was increased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipids were decreased significantly in LR5, LU7+LR5 group, triglyceride and fee fatty acid were decreased significantly in LU7 group when compared with control group. Atherogenic index was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. HTR was increased significantly in LU7 group when compared with conool group. In the liver function, the significance was not showed in AST and ALT, ALP was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Conclusions: LLLAT at LU7 and LR5 maybe can manage hyperlipidemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.172-182
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• 2021

Purpose: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of LI-RADS version 2018 using gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI for recurrent but untreated HCC in patients with prior history of HCC. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 50 consecutive patients who 1) prior history of treatment of HCC, 2) underwent liver surgery for radiological/clinical diagnosis of new HCC between 2013 to 2018, 3) had gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI within one month before surgery, and 4) did not have more than five HCCs or infiltrative tumors only. Two radiologists reviewed MRI and determined the presence of LR3, LR4 and LR5 observations except previously treated tumors based on LI-RADS version 2018 in consensus. We sub-classified LR4 into LR4m (LR4 with major features only) and LR4u (LR4 upgraded from LR3 by ancillary features). LR4u were further sub-classified into LR4ua (with arterial phase hyperenhancement) and LR4un (without arterial phase hyperenhancement). Results: PPV for LR5, LR4 and LR3 observations for recurrent HCC were 100%, 61.5% and 25.0%, respectively. 100% (3/3) of LR4m were HCC. However, PPV of LR4u was 56.5%. PPV of LR4ua and LR4un were 73.3% and 25.0%, respectively. Sensitivity of LR5 and LR5+LR4 observations as a diagnostic threshold were 32.1% and 89.3%, respectively. Sensitivity for LR5+LR4m+LR4ua observations for diagnosis of HCC were 83.7% and significantly superior to that of LR5 without significant deterioration of specificity (75.0%). Conclusion: In patients with prior history of HCC, LR4 observations by major features or with APHE may be regarded as recurrent HCCs given high sensitivity and comparable specificity/PPV to LR5 observations.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2018

Purpose: The Glycyrrhiza uralensis species (Leguminosae) as a medicinal biocompound, and one of its root components, isoliquritigenin (ISL), which is a flavonoid, has been reported to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. However, its function in bone formation has not been studied yet. In this study, we tested the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (ErLR) and baked Glycyrrhiza uralensis (EdLR) extracts on osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-related gene expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in various levels of ErLR (0, 5, 10, 15, $20{\mu}g/mL$), EdLR (0, 5, 10, 15, $20{\mu}g/mL$), or ISL (0, 5, 10, 15, $20{\mu}M$) in time sequences (1, 5, and 20 days). Also, isoliquritigenin (ISL) was tested for comparison to those two biocompound extracts. Results: MTT assay results showed that all three compounds (ErLR, EdLR, and ISL) increased osteoblastic-cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner for one day. In addition, both ErLR and EdLR compounds elevated the osteoblast proliferation for 5 or 20 days. Extracellular ALP activity was also increased as ErLR, EdLR, and ISL concentration increased at 20 days, which implies the positive effect of Glycyrrhiza species on osteoblast mineralization. The bone-related marker mRNAs were upregulated in the ErLR-treated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells for 20 days. Bone-specific transcription factor Runx2 gene expression was also elevated in the ErLR- and EdLR-treated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells for 20 days. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that Glycyrrhiza uralensis extracts may be useful for preventing osteoporosis by increasing cell proliferation, ALP activity, and bone-marker gene expression in osteoblastic cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.321-326
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• 2016

The porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is called swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), which controls immune responses and transplantation reactions. The SLA is mapped on pig chromosome 7 (SSC7) near the centromere. In this study, 3 class I (SLA-1, SLA-3, and SLA-2) and 3 class II (DRB1, DQB1, and DQA) genes were used for investigation of SLA haplotypes in Yucatan miniature pigs in Korea. This pig breed is a well-known model organism for biomedical research worldwide. The current study indicated that Korean Yucatan pig population had 3 Class I haplotypes (Lr-4.0, Lr-6.0, and Lr-25.0) and 3 class II haplotypes (Lr-0.5, Lr-0.7, and Lr-0.25). The combinations of SLA class I and II haplotype together, 2 homozygous (Lr-4.5/4.5 and Lr-6.7/6.7) and 3 heterozygous (Lr-4.5/6.7, Lr-4.5/25.25, and Lr-6.7/25.25) haplotypes were identified, including previously unidentified new heterozygous haplotypes (Lr-4.5/4.7). In addition, a new SLA allele typing method using Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer was developed that permitted more rapid identification of SLA haplotypes. These results will facilitate the breeding of SLA homozygous Yucatan pigs and will expedite the possible use of these pigs for the biomedical research, especially xenotransplantation research.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.477-487
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• 2022

Probiotics provide a symbiotic relationship and beneficial effects by balancing the human intestinal microbiota. The relationships between microbiota changes and various diseases may predict health abnormalities and diseases. Treatment with vitamins and probiotics is one therapeutic approach. To evaluate the effect of probiotics on vitamin absorption, we chose Lactobacillus rhamnosus CBT-LR5 treatment, which has resistance to vitamin C-inducible toxicity, with vitamins in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity models. CBT-LR5 affected the absorption of micronutrients, such as ionic minerals and water-soluble vitamins. An increase in vitamin C absorption by CBT-LR5 enhanced the antioxidant response in HFD-induced obesity models. Increased vitamin B absorption by CBT-LR5 regulated lipid metabolism in HFD-induced obesity models. These favorable effects of CBT-LR5 on the absorption of vitamins should be investigated as candidate therapeutic target treatments for metabolic diseases.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influences of Autonomic Nervous System and EEG by conducting Reinforcement-Reduction(補瀉) acupuncture stimulation to compare the changes in acupoints on the body before and after treatment of acupuncture at Xingjian(LR2) being referred as Fire-point(火穴) and Ququan(LR8) being referred as Water-point(水穴) of Yin Liver Meridian(足厥陰肝經). Methods : This study was carried out on 30 healthy female volunteers in their 20's. There were four tests conducted throughout and the period for each test was between 2 to 5days. HRV and EEG were measured for 5 minutes before acupuncture stimulation was conducted on LR2-Reinforcement, LR2-Reduction, LR8-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction at random. During the 20 minutes of acupuncture treatment, same subjects were measured simultaneously to observe any significant changes in acupoints. Again, the same subjects were measured for 5 minutes after removing the acupuncture in order to perform a comparative analysis. Results : The measurement of HRV showed that LF, LFnorm and LF/HF ratio increased significantly(p<0.05) while HF, HF norm decreased significantly in case of LR2-Reinforcement & LR8-Reduction. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement induced a significant increase in HFnorm. EEG measurement indicated low $\alpha$ wave decreased and high $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR2-Reinforcement during post-acupuncture period compared with acupuncture stimulation period. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed significantly low $\alpha$ wave and high $\alpha$ wave. High $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR8-Reduction during the acupuncture stimulation in comparison with pre-acupuncture period. Conclusions : The manipulation of acupuncture stimulation at LR2-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction enhanced the activity of sympathetic nerves and the state of arousal while that of para sympathetic nerves declined. On the other hand, LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed the levels of para sympathetic nerves and relaxation.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.651-657
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• 2004

This paper proposes incremental LR parsers which are constructed by using pre-determinable reduction goal. The new method requires a relatively small number of memory space and computing time compared to the previous methods.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.467-472
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• 2004

Cyanobacterial toxins, microcystins which exist in korean lakes show strong toxicity to fish, cattles and human. In this study, we tried to degrade microcystin LR using various chemical oxidants, Chlorine, Potassium permanganate and Hydrogen Peroxide. The detection method for the concentrations of microcystin LR in water samples was Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method using the monoclonal antibody of microcystin. Chlorine degraded microcystin LR effectively at the concentration of 800 pg/mL microcystin LR and 12 ppm chlorine. The reaction took 40 minutes at pH 7. Potassium Permanganate also degraded microcystin LR successfully at the concentration of 2000 pg/mL microcystin LR and 1.2 ppm chlorine. The degradation reaction took 60 minutes at pH 7. In the case of hydrogen peroxide, the degradation rate of microcystin LR was very slow because of the slow reaction rate.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2001

Soil respiration and some environmental factors which affect soil respiration were studied in an oak forest, Kongju, Korea. Soil respiration was measured at midday of the 15th and 30th day at every month in control(Con), artificial forest gap (Gap) and litter removed area (Lr) with portable CO₂ Analyzer equipped soil respiration chamber. In July, maximum soil respiration in Con, Cap and Lr was 15.6, 11.2 and 7.7 CO₂μmol·m/sup -2/·s/sup -1/, respectively. Respiration in Gap and Lr decreased by 28.6% and 50.6%, respectively, compared with that in Con. Annual amount of soil CO₂ evolution from Con, Gap and Lr was 6.86, 5.84, 3.81 kg·m/sup -2/·yr/sup -1/, respectively. Annual amount of CO₂ evolution in Gap and Lr decreased by 14.8% and 44.5%, respectively, compared with that in Con. Soil respiration rates exponentially increased with temperature. Temperature of soil surface and at 5 cm depth was strongly related to soil respiration rates in Con (r₂＝0.87, 0.93), Gap (r₂=0.81, 0.88) and Lr (r/sub 2/=0.89).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 2009

LR-WPAN(Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network) hewn as IEEE 802.15.4 is considered as one of the most suitable specifications published until now to accomplish USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network). In this paper we simulate interference effects to other systems if LR-WPAN will be used in 900MHz. In considering the current usage situation of 900MHz frequency band, we can think LR-WPAN shares the frequency band of $908.5{\sim}914MHz$ assigned for RFID/USN. The simulation results of the case of LR-WPAN and RFID/USN sharing the frequency band show that the probability of interference of LR-WPAN to CT1 and RFID is 2.5% and 2.1%, respectively. In order to avoid interference effects to public communications, simulations results show that the protection distance of about loom is needed.