• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.373-389
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• 2016

This study mainly investigates the port SOC's impact on trade volume. In order to investigate the relationships between port SOC and trade volume, we did the empirical analysis using panel data regression and fixed effects model. The total period of 97 years and 1,082 ports' information were applied to panel data and regression model. According to the results, the coefficients of development of container berth, development of bulk berth, maintenance of port, the jetty facilities like breakwater have positive(+) impact on the dependent variable, the trade volume. Especially, the jetty facilities show a strongly positive impact on trade volume. On the other hand, the development of new port and navigation facilities like lighthouse have a negative(-) impact. In examining Hausman test and LR test, the fixed effect model is statistically more appropriate than the random effect model for this study.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2002

We propose the Bayesian testing for the equality of K-exponential populations means with Type-II censored data. Specially we use the fractional Bayesian factors suggested by O'Hagan (1995) based on the noninformative priors for the parameters. And, we investigate the usefulness of the proposed Bayesian testing procedures via both real data analysis and simulations and compare the classical likelihood ratio(LR) test with the proposed Bayesian test.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.964-970
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• 1999

Fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of six commercial chickens(CC-RcDR, RcLR, BcBR, BcDR, BcLR, RcBR), one broiler(Arbor Acre) and three Korean native chickens(KNC-D, L, B) were evaluated. In the fatty acid composition at marketing age, KNC had generally higher unsaturated fatty acid ratio than the others. B, BcBR and BcDR showed the highest in unsaturated fatty acid but the lower than others in saturated fatty acid composition. The results of sensory test showed significant difference(P<0.05) only in the leg. B and RcBR had the highest score and Arbor Acre lowest score in juiciness. In tenderness. B had the highest score and RcDR lowest score. In the case of acceptability, KNC generally had high score. Particularly B had the highest score. Among CC, RcBR had the highest score. There were no significant differences in flavor and aroma.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.56-59
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• 2011

The demand for cold rolled steel (CR) for structural members is gradually increasing. If no surface treatment (coating for corrosion resistance) for CR is conducted, its use is very limited because CR is vulnerable to corrosion. Therefore, we need to develop a coating solution to provide high corrosion resistance for CR. In this study, an organic/inorganic coating solution with Si and Ti (Si polysilicate 7 wt.% + Urethane 13 wt.% + Ti amorphous 0.5 wt.%; LR-0727(1)) was used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of CR under a salt spray test. The specimens with the LR-0727(1) coating were heat treated in a drying oven at $120{\sim}210^{\circ}C$for 5 min. The corrosion resistance was investigated using a salt spray test of 7 h. In addition, an adhesive test was conducted. Rust showed under a heat treatment of $150^{\circ}C$, but no vestiges were found over $160^{\circ}C$. The specimens with heat treatment at $160^{\circ}C$ or more did not experience delamination. From these results, it is considered that the temperature limit for optimum heat treatment is $160^{\circ}C$ considering energy efficiency.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2015

This study aimed to produce fermented extracts with sugar made from lotus root (LR) and Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), using lactic acid fermentation, and confirmed their physiological and anti-oxidative activities as basic data for manufacturing functional drinks through sensory tests. For the final sugar concentrations, PG showed $48.1^{\circ}brix$ and LR showed $52.0^{\circ}brix$. Sugar concentrations during lactic acid fermentation following dilution of sugar to $12^{\circ}brix$, ranged from $11.5{\sim}12.1^{\circ}brix$ for PG and $11.9{\sim}12.4^{\circ}C$ for LR. During lactic acid fermentation, lactic acid bacteria numbers tended to decrease in both fermented LR and PG extracts with sugar as the fermentation period increased. For DPPH radical scavenging ability, LR was three times higher in control without lactic acid fermentation while PG showed significant increases in L. acidophilus (77%), L. brevis (90%), and L. delbrueckii (177%) during lactic acid fermentation. For total polyphenol content, LR showed a higher concentration than PG, and except for fermented L. delbrueckii extract showing similarity with the control, contents of fermented extracts decreased. In the case of PG, CUPRAC, increased significantly in L. brevis, whereas FRAP, increased significantly in L. delbrueckii with lactic acid fermentation. For reducing power, except for fermentation with L. brevis, all PG showed lower reducing power activities. In the sensory test of fermented LR and PG extracts with sugar, both fermented extracts showed better results with L. brevis or L. delbrueckii than control or those with L. acidophilus in every item. Based on these results, it is highly possible to develop fermented extract drinks with sugar using LR or PG. In particular, lactic acid bacteria such as L. delbrueckii and L. brevis showed generally higher activities with potential as a functional drink.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

Probabilistic grammar is used in natural language processing, and the parse result of the grammar has to preserve the probability of the original grammar. As for the representative parsing method, LL parsing and LR parsing, the former preserves the probability information of the original grammar, but the latter does not. A characteristic of a probabilistic parsing automaton has been studied; but, currently, the generating model of probabilistic parsing automata has not been known. The paper provides a model of probabilistic parsing automata based on the single state parsing automata. The generated automaton preserves the probability of the original grammar, so it is not necessary to test whether or not the automaton is probabilistic parsing automaton; defining a probability function for the automaton is not required. Additionally, an efficient automaton can be constructed by choosing an appropriate parameter.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), fracture mode, wire pull out (WPO) resistance and microleakage between low-shrinking and conventional composites used as a lingual retainer adhesive. Methods: A total of 120 human mandibular incisor teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were collected. Sixty of them were separated into two groups. To determine the SBS, either Transbond-LR (3M-Unitek) or Silorane (3M-Espe) was applied to the lingual surface of the teeth by packing the material into standard cylindrical plastic matrices (Ultradent) to simulate the lingual retainer bonding area. To test WPO resistance, 20 samples were prepared for each composite where the wire was embedded in the composite materialand cured. Then tensile stress was applied until failure of the composite occurred. The remaining 60 teeth were divided into two groups and multi-stranded 0.0215-inch diameter wire was bonded with the same composites. Microleakage was evaluated by the dye penetration method. Statistical analyses were performed by Wilcoxon, Pearson chi-square, and Mann-Whitney-U tests at p < 0.05 level. Results: The SBS and WPO results were not statistically significant between the two groups. Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of fracture mode (p < 0.001). Greater percentages of the fractures showed mix type failure (85%) for Silorane and adhesive (60%) for Transbond-LR. Microleakage values were lower in low-shrinking composite than the control and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low-shrinking composite produced sufficient SBS, WPO and microleakage values on the etched enamel surfaces, when used as a lingual retainer composite.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.162-174
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• 2021

Objectives : We aimed to identify the antidepressant effect of liver tonification acupuncture treatment (ACU (LT); KI10, LR8, LU8, LR4) and four gate acupuncture treatment (ACU (FG); LI4, LR3) and its brain neural activity in the normal and chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced mouse model. Methods : Firstly, normal mice were given ACU (LT) or ACU (FG) and the c-Fos expressions in each brain region were analyzed to examine brain neural activity. Secondly, CRS was administered to mice for 4 weeks, then ACU (LT) or ACU (FG) was performed for 2 weeks. The depression-like behavior was evaluated using open field test (OFT) before and after acupuncture treatment. Then, the c-Fos expressions in each brain region were analyzed to examine brain neural activity. Results : In normal mice, ACU (FG) regulated brain neural activities in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray. ACU (LT) changed more brain regions in the prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, striatum, and hippocampus, including those altered by ACU (FG). In CRS-induced model, ACU (LT) alleviated depression-like behavior more than ACU (FG). Also, brain neural activities in the motor cortex area 2 (M2), agranular ventral part and piriform of insular cortex (AIV and Pir), and cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and CA3 of hippocampus were changed by ACU (LT), and those of AIV and CA3 were also changed by ACU (FG). As in normal mice, ACU (LT) resulted in changes in more brain regions, including those altered by ACU (FG) in CRS model. M2, Pir, and CA1 were only changed by ACU (LT) in depression model, suggesting that these brain regions reflect the specific effect of ACU (LT). Conclusions : ACU (LT) relieved depression-like behavior more than ACU (FG), and this acupuncture effect was associated with modulation of brain neural activities in the motor cortex, insular cortex, and hippocampus.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of BVA in the treatment of patients with acute ankle sprain. Design : A prospective randomized double-blind study of BVA was conducted. Setting : The study was done in the Kyungwon University Seoul Hospital from August 1st, 2004 to June 15th, 2005. Patients : 30 patients diagnosed with acute ankle sprain, especially 2nd degree on the Ankle grade pain chart(AGPC) participated in the study, who were divided into two groups (A and B) randomly by a coordinator flipping a coin. Group A and B were relevant to control and BVA group respectively, of which a coordinator never informed any other participant involved. Eventually 13 of 17 in group A and 11 of 13 in Group B finished all the process of the clinical trial. Intervention : In both group A and B, The Procedure of acupuncture treatment was made similar by appearance that four acupoints such as 坵墟(GB40), 中封(LR4), 商丘(SP5), 解谿(ST41) of the injured side were selected and Normal saline aqua-acupuncture(control, as a placebo) or BVA was done and then acupuncture at 坵墟(GB40), 中封(LR4), 商丘(SP5), 解谿(ST41), 足三里(ST36), 陽陵泉(G34) of the affected side was given again. the needles were retained for 20 minutes under the infrared rays. The treatment was given daily for a week. Outcome Measures : Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AHS) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) were followed by three treatments. Statistical Analysis : Analysis regarding variations in AHS and VAS is carried out by applying Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon signed rank test sign test with level of significance at 5%. Results : At the end of the treatment, there was significant statistical differences between the two groups in VAS and AHS as well, while at the 3rd day only a VAS showed statistical significance. In each group, both VAS and AHS showed statistical significance along with duration of treatment. Conclusions : BVA was thought to be effective alternatives for relieving symptoms of acute ankle sprain, although further study was needed on the large scale.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between various transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography parameters and clinical vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods : This study enrolled 40 patients presented with aneurysmal SAH between September 2006 and August 2007. We measured differences of mean blood flow velocity (BFVm), highest systolic blood flow velocity (BFVh), and Lindegaard ratio (LR) in the middle cerebral artery on TCD examination. These parameters were evaluated for correlation with clinical vasospasm by univariate analysis and the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results : Twelve patients (30%) developed clinical vasospasm. The best TCD parameters for the detection of clinical vasospasm were revealed to be differences of BFVm, BFVh, and LR values between $1^{st}$ TCD test and $3^{rd}$ TCD (7 cm/s. 11.5 cm/s, 0.45 respectively). The positive predictive value of anyone of three parameters was 60% and the negative predictive value was 100%. Conclusion : TCD is still considered a useful tool for screening clinical vasospasm. To confirm the predictive value of the above parameters. further prospective study will be needed.