• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2009

An engine is one of the most dominant noise and vibration sources in vehicle systems. Therefore, in order to resolve noise and vibration problems due to engine, various types of engine mounts have been proposed. This work presents a new type of active engine mount system featuring a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid and a piezostack actuator. As a first step, six degrees-of freedom dynamic model of an in-line four-cylinder engine which has three points mounting system is derived by considering the dynamic behaviors of MR mount and piezostack mount. In the configuration of engine mount system, two MR mounts are installed for vibration control of roll mode motion whose energy is very high in low frequency range, while one piezostack mount is installed for vibration control of bounce and pitch mode motion whose energy is relatively high in high frequency range. As a second step, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is synthesized to actively control the imposed vibration. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed active engine mount, vibration control performances are evaluated under various engine operating speeds(wide frequency range) and presented in time domain.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2009

Lane Keeping Assistant Systems (LKAS) require the cooperative operation between drivers and active steering angle/torque controllers. An LKAS is proposed in this study such that the desired reference path generation (DRPG) system generates the desired path to minimize the trajectory overshoot. Based on the reference path from the DRPG system, an optimal controller is designed to minimize the cost function. A HIL (Hardware In the Loop) simulator is constructed to evaluate the proposed LKAS system. The single camera is mounted on the simulator and acquires the monitor images to detect lane markers. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by HIL system using the Carsim and the Matlab Simulink.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권8호
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• pp.921-938
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• 2010

Most of studies on control of beams containing piezoelectric sensors and actuators have been based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with state feedback or output feedback law. The aim of this study is to develop velocity-acceleration feedback law in the optimal control of smart piezoelectric beams. A new controller which is an optimal control system with velocity-acceleration feedback is presented. In finite element modeling of the beam, the variation of mechanical displacement through the thickness is modeled by a sinus model that ensures inter-laminar continuity of shear stress at the layer interfaces as well as the boundary conditions on the upper and lower surfaces of the beam. In addition to mechanical degrees of freedom, one electric potential degree of freedom is considered for each piezoelectric element layer. The efficiency of this control strategy is evaluated by applying to an aluminum cantilever beam under different loading conditions. Numerical simulations show that this new control scheme is almost as efficient as an optimal control system with state feedback. However, inclusion of the acceleration in the control algorithm increases practical value of a system due to easier and more accurate measurement of accelerations.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1195-1199
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• 1998

In this paper a design method of robust power system stabilizers is proposed by means of robust linear quadratic regulator design technique under power system's operating condition change, which is caused by inner structure uncertainties and disturbances into a power system. It is assumed that the uncertainties present in the system are modeled as one equivalent signal. In this connections an optimal LQR control input for disturbance rejection, the output feedback gain for eliminating the disturbance are calculated. In this case. PSS input signal is obtained on the basis of weighted ${\Delta}P_e$ and $\Delta\omega$. In order to stabilize the overall control of system. Pole placement algorithm is applied in addition. making the poles of the closed loop system to move into a stable region in the complex plane. Some simulations have been conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed control method on a machine to infinite bus power system. From the simulation results validation of the proposed method could be achieved by comparisons with the conventional PSS with phase lag-lead compensation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2017

Vibration control using a tuned mass damper (TMD) is an effective technique that has been verified using analytical methods and experiments. It has been applied in mechanical, automotive, and structural applications. However, the damping of a TMD cannot be adjusted in real time. An excessive mass damper stroke may be introduced when the mass damper is subjected to a seismic excitation whose frequency content is within its operation range. The semi-active tuned mass damper (SATMD) has been proposed to solve this problem. The parameters of an SATMD can be adjusted in real time based on the measured structural responses and an appropriate control law. In this study, a stiffness-controllable TMD, called a leverage-type stiffness-controllable mass damper (LSCMD), is proposed and fabricated to verify its feasibility. The LSCMD contains a simple leverage mechanism and its stiffness can be altered by adjusting the pivot position. To determine the pivot position of the LSCMD in real time, a discrete-time direct output-feedback active control law that considers delay time is implemented. Moreover, an identification test for the transfer function of the pivot driving and control systems is proposed. The identification results demonstrate the target displacement can be achieved by the pivot displacement in 0-2 Hz range and the control delay time is about 0.1 s. A shaking-table test has been conducted to verify the theory and feasibility of the LSCMD. The comparisons of experimental and theoretical results of the LSCMD system show good consistency. It is shown that dynamic behavior of the LSCMD can be simulated correctly by the theoretical model and that the stiffness can be properly adjusted by the pivot position. Comparisons of experimental results of the LSCMD and passive TMD show the LSCMD with less demand on the mass damper stroke than that for the passive TMD.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2018

The present study investigates the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects on the seismic performance of smart base-isolated structures. The adopted control algorithm for tuning the control force plays a key role in successful implementation of such structures; however, in most studied carried out in the literature, these algorithms are designed without considering the SSI effect. Considering the SSI effects, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is employed to seismic control of a smart base-isolated structure. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to tune the gain matrix of the controller in both cases without and with SSI effects. In order to conduct a parametric study, three types of soil, three well-known earthquakes and a vast range of period of the superstructure are considered for assessment the SSI effects on seismic control process of the smart-base isolated structure. The adopted controller is able to make a significant reduction in base displacement. However, any attempt to decrease the maximum base displacement results in slight increasing in superstructure accelerations. The maximum and RMS base displacements of the smart base-isolated structures in the case of considering SSI effects are more than the corresponding responses in the case of ignoring SSI effects. Overall, it is also observed that the maximum and RMS base displacements of the structure are increased by increasing the natural period of the superstructure. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the maximum and RMS superstructure accelerations are significant influenced by the frequency content of earthquake excitations and the natural frequency of the superstructure. The results show that the design of the controller is very influenced by the SSI effects. In addition, the simulation results demonstrate that the ignoring the SSI effect provides an unfavorable control system, which may lead to decline in the seismic performance of the smart-base isolated structure including the SSI effects.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2007

구조 재료와 시공기술의 발달로 구조물은 높고 길게 설계할 수 있게 되었으나, 그에 따른 진동문제와 사용성에 관한 문제가 발생하였고, 구조물의 과다한 변위는 구조물에 심각한 손상을 발생시켰다. 이러한 구조물의 진동 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 구조물의 상태벡터와 제어력만으로 구성된 훈련패턴을 기본으로 하여 인공신경망이론과 확률신경망이론을 사용하여 구조물의 진동을 능동제어하는 방법을 제안하였다. 구조물의 제어를 위해 LQR 제어알고리즘을 이용하여 구조물의 상태벡터와 제어력을 구한 후, 상태벡터를 입력으로 제어력을 출력으로 하는 인공신경망과 확률신경망의 훈련패턴을 구성하였다. 제안된 방법을 사용하여 Northridge 지진하중을 받는 3층 빌딩구조물을 제어하였고, 제안된 인공신경망과 확률신경망의 제어 결과를 비교하였다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.265-287
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• 2016

The change of the global performance of a turret-moored FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading) with DP (Dynamic Positioning) control is simulated, analyzed, and compared for two different internal turret location cases; bow and midship. Both collinear and non-collinear 100-yr GOM (Gulf of Mexico) storm environments and three cases (mooring-only, with DP position control, with DP position+heading control) are considered. The horizontal trajectory, 6DOF (degree of freedom) motions, fairlead mooring and riser tension, and fuel consumptions are compared. The PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller based on LQR (linear quadratic regulator) theory and the thrust-allocation algorithm which is based on the penalty optimization theory are implemented in the fully-coupled time-domain hull-mooring-riser-DP simulation program. Both in collinear and non-collinear 100-yr WWC (wind-wave-current) environments, the advantage of mid-ship turret is demonstrated by the significant reduction in heave at the turret location due to the minimal coupling with pitch mode, which is beneficial to mooring and riser design. However, in the non-collinear WWC environment, the mid-turret case exhibits unfavorable weathervaning characteristics, which can be reduced by employing DP position and heading controls as demonstrated in the present case studies. The present study also reveals the plausible cause of the failure of mid-turret Gryphon Alpha FPSO in milder environment than its survival condition.