• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Tokoro Rhizoma pharmat $KI_{10}$ in nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats were divided into 4 groups and 3 groups(LPS, saline, Tokoro Rhizoma pharmacopuncture(TR-P) group) were injected LPS to induce nephritis. TR-P group was treated with TR at $KI_{10}$ three times for a week, saline group with normal saline. To evaluate the effects of TR at $KI_{10}$ on nephritis in rats, white blood cell(WBC), neutrophil in blood, creatinine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1(CINC-1) in serum and urinary volume, creatinine in urine, renal myeloperoxidase(MPO) were measured and renal tissue was analyzed. Results : TR-P group significantly reduced WBC, neutrophil in blood, creatinine, CINC-1 in serum, creatinine in urine and renal MPO than LPS group. TR-P group increased urinary volume but, not significant. Conclusion : TR at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on nephritis in LPS stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that TR at $KI_{10}$ may be an useful therapeutics for nephritis in clinical field after further researches.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Junci Medulla Herbal-acupuncture(JM-HA) at $KI_{10}$(Umgok) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rats. Methods : Rats with nephritis induced by LPS, were treated with JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ 3 times a week. The rats in the NP group and the saline group were treated with a needle prick and a saline injection respectively. To evaluate the effects of JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ on nephritis in rats, WBC, neutrophils in blood, BUN, creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum, creatinine, total protein in urine and renal MPO were measured. Results : JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the increase of WBC and neutrophils in blood, BUN, creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum, and MPO in kidney of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusion : JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ has therapeutic effects on nephritis in LPS-stimulated rats. Therefore, it is suggested that JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ may be a useful therapy in clinical field after further researches.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.556-561
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• 2012

Steroid sulfatase (STS) is responsible for the conversion of estrone sulfate to estrone that can stimulate growth in endocrine-dependent tumors such as prostate cancer. Although STS is considered as a therapeutic target for the estrogen-dependent diseases, cellular function of STS are still not clear. Previously, we found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ significantly enhances steroid sulfatase expression in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells through PI3K/Akt-dependent pathways. Here, we studied whether bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) which are known to induce TNF-${\alpha}$ may increase STS expression. Treatment with LPS in PC-3 cells induced STS mRNA and protein in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Using luciferase reporter assay, we found that LPS enhanced STS promoter activity. Moreover, STS expression induced by LPS increased PC-3 tumor cell migration determined by wound healing assay. We investigated that LPS induced IL-6 expression and IL-6 increased STS expression. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that LPS induces STS expression through IL-6 pathway in human prostate cancer cells.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

본 연구를 통해서, 한(寒) 처방의 대표 처방인 황련해독탕(黃連解毒湯)과 열(熱) 처방의 대표 처방인 건강부자탕(乾薑附子湯) 모두 항염 효능을 확인할 수 있었으나, 그 작용 기전에 있어 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 차이는 한의학의 기본 이론인 한열에 대한 개념에 대한 연구의 초석이 될 수 있기를 바라며, 각 개별 약물의 효능 및 다른 처방들과 다른 기전적 실험이 추가적으로 필요할 것을 보인다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2005

Objective: MMP-8 is a neutrophil enzyme and its level increases in some inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease. We knew that the lipopolysaccharide of E.coli(E-LPS) induced MMP-8 release from human neutrophils. E-LPS is known to induce the production and release of inflammatory cytokines through CD14, Toll-like receptor(TLR). In the present study, we investigated whether MMP-8 release by E-LPS is induced via CD14-TLR pathway and the cellular mechanism of MMP-8 release in human neutrophils. Material and methods: Human neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and pre-incubated in medium containing antibodies against CD14, anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 or several inhibitors of microtubules and microfilaments and then incubated with E-LPS. The cells were treated TPCK and E-LPS simultaneously. The MMP-8amount in the culture medium was determined using ELISA. Results: E-LPS increased MMP-8release from neutrophils and its induction was inhibited by anti-CD14 and anti-TLR4 but not by anti-TLR2 antibodies. The inhibitors of microtubule and microfilament polymerization significantly decreased E-LPS-induced MMP-8release. TPCK inhibited E-LPS-induced MMP-8 release. Conclusion: These results suggest that MMP-8 release is induced by E-LPS via the CD14-TLR4 signal pathway in human neutrophils and may be depedent on microtubule and microfilament systems and $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.408-416
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• 2019

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of processed (Beopje) curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells. The experimental group was classified into five groups : LPS no treatment, CD (curly dock), CD-B (CD processed through Beopje), LPS, LPS+CD-B (LPS+CD processed through Beopje) and LPS+CD (LPS+CD). Treatment of the Raw 264.7 cell lines using LPS led to a significant increase in NO production, pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$), and inflammation related genes (COX-2 and iNOS). Investigation of the inhibitory effects of CD and processed CD on NO production and expression of iNOS and COX-2 was done in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. There was significant inhibition of NO production by LPS+CD and LPS+CD-B in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). Particularly, LPS+CD-B exhibited reduced mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 and NO production as compared to LPS+CD in Raw 264.7 cell lines (p<0.05). These results may explain some known biological activities of curly dock including the anti-inflammatory effects. CD-B in particular exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory effects of inhibiting production of NO, through the regulation of inflammatory related genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results of Beopje processing might help decrease the anti-biological effects and increase several active substances of curly dock.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2019

Objective : This study is conducted in order to investigate the effect of Banggibongnyeongtang(BBT) on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression. Method : LPS $5{\mu}g$ was injected to lateral ventricle. Experimental groups were administered BBT intraperitoneally. Depressive behavior was confirmed by weight change, sucrose preference, open field test(OFT), and forced swimming test(FST). The plasma concentration of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, Corticotropin-Releasing Factor(CRF), Adrenocorticotropin Hormone(ACTH) and Corticosterone(CORT) were measured by ELISA. Result : BBT did not change the body weight significantly than LPS group, but on sucrose preference, BBT increased significantly in LPS+BBT400 group compared to LPS group (P<0.05). In the OFT, BBT increased spending time in the central zone and decreased grooming number. LPS+BBT400 group increased central zone-spending time, and decreased grooming number than LPS group significantly (P<0.05). In the FST, LPS+BBT400 group decreased immobility time than LPS group significantly (P<0.05). BBT decreased $IL-1{\beta}$ concentration does-dependently, but only with significant decrease in LPS+BBT400 group than LPS group in plasma (P<0.05). But BBT did not decrease $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration significantly in plasma. BBT decreased plasma CRF, ACTH, and CORT. And CRH and CORT of LPS+BBT400 group were shown significant decrease comparing with LPS group (P<0.05). Conclusion : It is postulated that the anti-depressant effect of BBT can be validated through inhibition of HPA axis abnormal activity by the anti-inflammatory effect.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

This study was to investigate the effect of Danchunwhangagam(DCWGG) extract on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Cerebral infarction(CI) patients. Methods: We examined how the inhibition rate of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin(IL)-1$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, and IL-8 productions in DCWGG pretreatment PBMCs culture supernatant in the lipopolysaccaride(LPS)- or desferrioxamine(DFX)treated cells compared to unstimulated cells. Results: DCWGG inhibited the productions of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, and IL-8 induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: DCWGG might have regulatory effects on LPS or DFX-induced cytokine production, which might explain its beneficial effect in the treatment of CI.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.338-344
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• 2012

Mollugin is the active compound of Rubia cordifolia, a well known herb widely used in alternative medicines for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases including arthritis and uteritis. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of mollugin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. Treatment with mollugin significantly inhibited LPS-induced release of nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$, and inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6. In addition, mollugin suppressed LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) transcriptional activity. These results suggest that mollugin inhibits LPS-induced expression of inflammatory molecules via NF-${\kappa}B$, at least in part, and indicate the potential value of mollugin as a valuable new drug candidate for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2015

Objectives : TheHaedokgumhwa-sanwater extract (HDKHS) is used in Korea, Japan and China as a traditional therapeutic agent to cure an infectious disease. But its study is not enough. Therefore, the present study focused on the elucidation of HDKHS to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and to established the possible mechanisms involved in its action on LPS-stimulated immune response in murine macrophages.Methods : Inflammatory status was induced by LPS and measured by increasement of inflammatory mediators. LPS induced secretions of NO and PGE₂in RAW 264.7 cells were measured using griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit respectively. production of IL-6 was examined using ELISA kit and expression of IL-6 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR method. To investigate the effects of HDKHS on inflammatory mediators, such as iNOS, COX-2 and MAPKs, western blot and RT-PCR were performed.Results : HDKHS significantly reduced production of NO and PGE2 which were induced by LPS. Also, activation of IL-6 was reduced both protein and mRNA levels. The expressions of inflammatory mediator include iNOS and COX-2 were decreased by pretreatment with HDKHS. futhermore The result showed HDKHS down-regulate the LPS induced phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, one of the MAPK family, which is considered as a main regulator of transmission from pathogens to nucleus of immune cells.Conclusions : Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of HDKHS may stem from the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators via suppression of initiation of inflammatory response by inhibiting MAPKs signaling pathways.