• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2019

Background: This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes of lattisimus dorsi (LD) tendon transfer in patients with irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT). We hypothesize that LD tendon transfer would provide safe and satisfactory clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up. Methods: From November 2008 to December 2016, 23 patients ($57.5{\pm}4.4years$; 20 male, 3 female) who underwent LD tendon transfer for massive tears, were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were irreparable MRCT. Exclusion criteria included full thickness subscapularis tear, rotator cuff arthropathy, anterosuperior rotator cuff tear, and osteoarthritis. Mean follow-up period was $4.7{\pm}4.0years$ (range, 2-12 years). Clinical assessment (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES], University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA], Simple Shoulder Test [SST]) and radiographic assessment (osteoarthritis [OA], acromiohumeral distance [AHI]) were evaluated. Results: ASES, UCLA and SST scores, and range of motion (ROM), except internal rotation, improved significantly at the last followup (p<0.05). Also, AHI was significantly improved at the last follow-up, from 6.6 mm to 8.2 mm (p=0.008). At the final follow-up, the radiologic stages of the glenohumeral osteoarthritis were determined as stage 1 in 9 patients, stage 2 in 10 patients, stage 3 in 2 patients, and stage 4 in 2 patients. Complications were observed in 21.7% cases: 3 re-tears and 2 infections were noted in our study. Conclusions: LD tendon transfer for irreparable MRCT provides satisfactory clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up. Mild degenerative osteoarthritis (stage 1, 2) of the shoulder joint are common at the mid-term follow-up. Also, complications such as tear, infection should be considered.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.453-482
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• 2011

Until now and in the studying of fantastic literature, there has been likely to regard the character as secondary element, compared to their actions. However, it has to be recognized that the characters is a barometer to divide the boundary among the marvellous literature, or fantasy, magic realism, etc., in particular it is an important narrative element to understand an epistemological vision of fantastic literature. This thesis analyzes the characters, focusing on two dimensions divided such as between protagonist/antagonist and protagonist narrator/editor narrator. The characters in fantastic literature are usually set-up as people like ourselves, because it is necessary for the readers to consider the supernatural phenomenon as real world situation. The reason why many characters in fantastic literature usually meet a tragic end is that the structure of fantastic literature embedded unresolved supernatural confusion into ordinary order in the end, while antagonists are viewed as holders of extraordinariness and they are far from vero-similarity. Together with usual characters who represent the world of logic and reason, antagonists who seek to understand more about the universe totally and thus regarded as symbols of intuition and imagination and ultimately are the elements of fantastic literature. On the other hand, the "first person narrator" is divided between "protagonist narrator" who narrates the supernatural things through his/her own experience to readers and "editor narrator" who narrates the other's experiences. Particularly in the case of "editor narrator", he/she may narrates the stories with different explication and angle, which lead to hesitation and confusion for readers to identify between reality and unreality or natural logic and supernatural one. Even though there are various categories in fantastic literature, this thesis exclude 'neo fantastic', 'metaphysical fantastic' ones, characterized as a possibility of convergence with the secondary interpretation and symbolic implication. Beyond these materials, the literatures which involved with this thesis and analysis are normally related with traditional fantastic literary works which supernatural events intervene in real world and bring out collision between real and unreal, or natural and supernatural logics. Based on this criteria, this thesis chooses literary works such as "De los Reyes Futuros", "El Perjurio de la Nieve" written by Adolfo Bioy Casares who is a representative author in Latin American fantastic literature.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2024

자율주행 기술은 상용화될 경우 교통 네트워크에 안전성, 이동성, 환경성을 개선할 잠재력을 지니고 있다. 그러나, 센서 기능의 저하와 원거리 검지의 한계는 자율주행 차량의 안전한 주행을 방해할 수 있으므로 인근 차량과 인프라에서 수집한 정보를 활용하여 보완하는 자율협력주행이 필수적이다. 또한, HDV, AV, CAV는 인지할 수 있는 정보의 범위가 각기 다르고 이에 따른 대응 프로토콜이 상이하기 때문에 자율주행 기술 과도기에 발생하는 혼재 교통류에서의 대응책이 필요하다. 자율주행 차량 보급률, 도로 구간별 특성 차이를 복합적으로 고려한 교통류 최적화 연구가 부족하다. 본 연구는 인프라 가이던스 유스케이스 및 자율주행차량 MPR별 안전성, 이동성, 환경성에 따른 가중치를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. AHP 가중치를 개발하기 위해 MPR을 고려한 Hybrid AHP와 인프라 가이던스 구간 및 상황 별 AHP를 결합하고 통합 평가지표를 개발하였다. 분석결과, LOS A-B × MPR 10% × 분·합류부 및 엇갈림구간은 안전성 가중치(0.841)가 가장 높은 구간인 동시에 이동성 가중치(0.112)가 가장 낮은 구간이였으며, LOS A-B × MPR 50% × CAV 전용도로의 안전성 가중치(0.605)가 가장 낮은 구간인 동시에 이동성 가중치(0.335)가 가장 높은 구간으로 도출되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 기반으로 혼재 교통류를 최적화하기 위한 차량 별 통행 우선권을 부여하는데 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2008

본 논문은 캘리포니아지역에 위치한 고속도로망을 대상으로 하여, 도로망내에 있는 교량의 내진보강 우선순위를 결정하는 방법에 관한 연구이다. 내진보강 우선순위 결정은 지진공학 분야에서 매우 중요한 이슈 중의 하나이며, 정부나 도로 관리청의 의사결정권자는 예산 배정 과정에서 이와 같은 문제에 항상 직면하게 된다. 본 연구는 특정지역의 고속도로망을 대상으로 어떻게 내진보강 우선순위를 결정할 것인가에 관한 방법론을 보여주고 있다. 우선순위 결정을 위하여 구조물의 지진 취약도, 도로망상에 위치한 각각 연결로의 중요도에 대한 개념이 먼저 소개되었다. 도로망상 각각의 교차로를 잇는 연결로를 지진 보강의 대상 단위로 하여 도로망의 내진 성능에 대한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 추가 소요되는 교통 지체시간을 각각의 시뮬레이션 경우에 대하여 측정함으로써 내진보강에 의한 효과를 평가하였다. 또한, 지진 위험도의 확률적인 특성을 반영하기 위하여 확률론적 시나리오 지진을 도입하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서 알 수 있듯이 우선순위의 의미는 이해관계자의 주요 관심 사항에 따라 다르게 정의될 수 있고, 각각 다른 우선순위 결과를 보여주게 된다. 본 연구는 교통망의 효과적인 내진보강을 위한 우선순위 결정 과정에 도움이 될 수 있는 일반적인 지침을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.389-413
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• 1993

This study was inspired by the growing importance of information as a resource for improving the quality of life, the lack of systematic research about the information environment of Koreans in the United States and the lack of understanding of the relationships between individual characteristics and information seeking behavior. During 1990 and 1991, 204 Koreans, 18 years old and more, residing in the City of Los Angeles, were interviewed. Generally the information seeking behavior of Koreans appeared to be similar to that of the socioeconomically advantaged segment of the general public. They are relatively well aware of their information needs. capable of articulating them, and willing to pursue information to meet their needs. Major findings include: (1) the dominance of educational information needs: (2) positive feelings of hope, curiosity. and interest associated with information needs: (3) the tendency to pursue information with the expectation of potential rather than immediate rewards: (4) the expertise of information sources and their ability to provide information directly relevant to a need as criteria for selecting an information source: (5) the generally heavy reliance on informal interpersonal information sources and the high ranking of professionals as the starting point for information seeking and in judgements of usefulness: and (6) the dominant use of Korean ethnic information sources. Statistically significant correlations found at the 0.05 level relate (1) level of education, age, and gender with type of information need, the feelings associated with an information need, motivations to seek information, and the use of information sources, (2) proficiency in English and length of residence in the United States with the extent to which ethnic information sources are used, and (3) pattern of daily use of media with the use of media in seeking information.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2009

본 연구는 현재 보행교통류율, 보행자지체 등의 정량적인 지표만을 고려하고 있는 기존 보행자 이동공간 서비스수준(Level of Service) 평가의 한계를 극복하고, 보행자의 이동공간(보도 및 횡단보도)만족도에 영향을 미치는 정성적 요인을 반영하여 보행자의 실질적인 서비스 질(QOS : duality of Service)을 측정할 수 있는 통합적 지표를 개발하는 것이 목적이다. 연구를 위한 기초자료 수집은 설문조사를 이용하였고, 통합지표 개발을 위해 계층분석법(AHP)과 네트워크분석법(ANP)을 활용하였다. 주요 연구결과는 첫째, 보행자가 서비스수준을 판단할 경우 중복성을 느끼고 있음을 알 수 있어, 네트워크분석법에 의한 지표를 적용하는 것이 적절함을 확인하였다. 둘째, 보행자 행태, 유지관리, 보행경관 및 환경과 같은 정성적인 요인을 고려해야 한다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 특히 주거지역에서 정성적인 요인의 중요도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 실질적인 보행자 서비스 질을 평가하기 위해서는 정량적인 지표는 물론 정성적인 지표를 고려하는 것이 적절할 것이라 판단된다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2014

Background: To compare the effect of different starting periods of rehabilitative exercise (early or delayed passive exercise) on the rate of retear and other clinical outcomes after the arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff. Methods: In total, 103 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff were included in the study. Determined at 2 weeks post-operation, patients who were incapable of passive forward elevation greater than $90^{\circ}$ were allotted to the early exercise group (group I: 79 patients; 42 males, 37 females), whilst those capable were allotted to the delayed exercise group (group II: 24 patients; 14 males, 10 females). The group I started passive exercise, i.e. stretching, within 2 weeks of operation, whilst group II started within 6 weeks. The results were compared on average 15.8 months (11-49 months) post-operation using the passive range of motion, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score, and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) and Constant scores. Stiffness was defined as passive forward elevation or external rotation of less than $30^{\circ}C$ compared to the contralateral side. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out on average 1 year post-operation and the rate of retear was compared with Sugaya's criteria. Results: There were no differences between the two groups in gender, age, smoking, presence of diabetes, arm dominance, period of tear unattended, pre-operative range of motion, shape and size of tear, degree of tendon retraction, and tendon quality. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes. Whilst stiffness was more frequent in group II (p-value 0.03), retear was more frequent in group I (p-value 0.028) according to the MRI follow-up. Conclusions: During rehabilitation after the arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff, the delay of passive exercise seems to decrease the rate of retear but increase the risk of stiffness.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2022

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent and disabling joint disease in the world. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) exercise is a widely used treatment and could be a beneficial and long-term tool for treating TMJ OA. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise in the conservative treatment of TMJ OA. Materials and Methods: A single-group experimental pre-post test was performed. We included patients who met the diagnostic criteria for TMJ OA. Outcome variables were pain intensity (visual analogue scale), functionality (Helkimo index), and structural changes (ultrasound). Follow-up periods were at months 1, 3, and 6. The intervention included a home-based program with thermotherapy, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise during the entire follow-up period. Results: We included 15 patients and 26 joints, all women with a median age of 57 years (range, 49-62 years). Median change in pain intensity on joint palpation, mouth opening, and at rest at the first month was 47.5 mm, 51 mm, and 60 mm, respectively, and 48 mm, 49.5 mm, and 42.5 mm, at six months (P=0.001). The Helkimo index showed significant improvement in medians from baseline severe dysfunction (17 points) to minimal dysfunction at three and six months (2 points) (P=0.001). Ultrasound showed improved disc position. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant improvements in pain, function, and joint disc position and represents a valuable tool for the long-term treatment of patients with TMJ OA.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권5D호
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• pp.579-585
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• 2009

램프미터링은 이미 미국, 유럽 등에서 실효성을 인정받았고 가장 효율적인 교통관리기법의 하나로 사용되고 있음에도 불구하고 국내에서는 시설물의 기준 미달 및 홍보 부족 등으로 아직 제대로 시행되지 못하였다. 그러나 1990년 이후 ITS의 도입으로 진입제어에 대한 인식이 증대되어 국내 램프미터링 도입 여건이 조성되었다고 판단되어 본 연구에서는 국내 고속도로에 램프미터링을 원활하게 도입하기 위해 도입 기준을 수립하고 대상지점을 선정하였다. 도입 기준은 미국의 램프미터링 도입 기준을 기반을 국내 여건을 반영하여 제시하였다. 주요 기준은 서비스수준, 우회도로 존재, 대기 공간 길이, 개방식 운영구간 등이며, 이러한 기준을 만족하는 15개 지점을 도입 대상지점으로 선정하였다. 또한 대상지점의 우선순위를 계층화분석과정(AHP)을 통해 선정한 결과 교통량이 많고, 혼잡이 심할수록 우선순위가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하면 국내에 램프미터링 도입함에 있어 실효성을 확보하여 보다 원활하게 도입할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.315-332
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• 2023

PURPOSE. This study aimed to investigate whether the accuracy of intraoral scanners is influenced by different scanning strategies in an in vitro setting, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 standard. The following PICOS approach was used: population, tooth impressions; intervention, the use of intraoral scanners with scanning strategies different from the manufacturer's instructions; control, the use of intraoral scanners following the manufacturers' requirements; outcome, accuracy of intraoral scanners; type of studies, in vitro. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases including Embase, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were based on in vitro studies that reported the accuracy of digital impressions using intraoral scanners. Analysis was performed using Review Manager software (version 5.3.5; Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). Global comparisons were made using a standardized mean difference based on random-effect models, with a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS. The meta-analysis included 15 articles. Digital impression accuracy significantly improved under dry conditions (P < 0.001). Moreover, trueness and precision were enhanced when artificial landmarks were used (P ≤ 0.02) and when an S-shaped pattern was followed (P ≤ 0.01). However, the type of light used did not have a significant impact on the accuracy of the digital intraoral scanners (P ≥ 0.16). CONCLUSION. The accuracy of digital intraoral scanners can be enhanced by employing scanning processes using artificial landmarks and digital impressions under dry conditions.