• THE INDUSTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF GAS
• /
• v.5 no.1 s.6
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2002

With the expansion of natural gas demands in many countries, the necessity of LNG receiving terminals has been increased. The offshore LNG Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU) attracts attentions not only for a land based LNG receiving terminal alternative, but also for a feasible and economic solution. Nowadays, as the reliability of offshore oil and gas floating facilities and LNG carriers gains with proven worldwide operations, the FSRU can achieve a safety level that can be comparable to an onshore terminal. The design development related with safety features of the FSRU has been extensively carried out by oil and gas companies, shipyards, engineering companies, and equipment vendors, and has been successful so far in many fields. The construction of the FSRU can be achieved by integrating various technologies and experiences from many disciplines and many participating companies and vendors. In this paper, reviews on some of the important design features and design improvements on FSRU together with the practical construction aspects in cargo containment, vaporization system, ESD system, and operation modes, have been covered in comparison with actual LNG carrier, onshore receiving terminal, and FPSO systems. In order to materialize an FSRU project, the technical and economic justification has to be preceded. It is believed that once the safety and technical soundness is convinced, the FSRU can bring a higher project feasibility by reducing the overall construction time and cost. Through this study, an FSRU design readily applicable to an actual project has been developed by incorporating experiences gained from many marine and offshore projects. The wide use of proven standard technologies adopted in the series construction of LNG carriers and offshore FPSOs will bring the project efficiency and reliability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2018

As the international Maritime Organization is tightening up the emission regulation vessel, many countries and companies are pushing ahead the LNG fuel as one of long term solution for emission problems of ship. as a study on the way to conduct business for LNG bunkering around the world, this study was analyzed in view-point of business models focused on major countries such as Japan, China, Singapore, Europe and United States. The results of this study are as follows. China first established a nation-centered LNG bunkering policy. And then, the state and the energy company have been cooperating and carrying on LNG bunkering business for LNG fueled ships. Some countries in Europe and United States are in the process of LNG bunkering business mainly with private company. To obtain cheaper LNG fuel than bunker-C, the private company has a business model of LNG bunkering on their own LNG fueled ships, while securing LNG with high price competitiveness through partnership with middle class operators such us LNG terminal and natural gas liquefaction plant. Also, the LNG bunkering business around the world is focused on private companies rather than public corporations, but it was going to be focused on large energy companies because the initial cost required to build LNG bunkering infrastructure. Three models (TOTE model, Shell model, ENGIE model) of LNG bun kering business are currently being developed. It has been found that the way in which LNG bunkering business is implemented by different countries is applied differently according to the enterprise and national policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.594-600
• /
• 2022

When a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier is anchored at a coastal terminal, calculations on mooring forces of mooring cables induced by environmental loads such as strong winds and currents are needed to secure mooring safety. The advantages and disadvantages of several existing mooring force calculation methods are compared and analyzed with their application conditions. Resultingly, mooring equipment guidelines of the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) are chosen as the computational method for this study. In this paper, the mooring forces of a large LNG carrier with spectrum was calculated using the OCIMF mooring equipment guidelines. The calculation shows similar maximum forces resulted from the calculation using experiment data of a wind tunnel test. To verify the results, OPTIMOOR, a dedicated mooring force calculation software, is used to calculate the same mooring conditions. The results of both calculations show that the computational method recommended by OCIMF is safe and reliable. OPTIMOOR calculates more detailed tensile force of each mooring cable. Thus, the calculation on mooring forces of mooring cables of a large LNG carrier using OCIMF mooring equipment guidelines is verified as an applicable and safe method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.248-253
• /
• 2023

Most offshore platforms utilize chain mooring systems for position keeping. However, information regarding related design modification processes is scarce in literature. This study focuses on the floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) bunkering terminal (FLBT) as the target of shore platform and analyzes the corresponding initial mooring design and model tests via numerical simulations. Subsequently, based on the modified design conditions, a new mooring system design is proposed. Adjusting the main direction of the mooring line bundle according to the dominant environmental direction is found to significantly reduce the mooring design load. Even turret-moored offshore platforms are exposed to beam sea conditions, leading to high mooring tension due to motions in beam sea conditions. Collinear environmental conditions cannot be considered as design conditions. Mooring design loads occur under complex conditions of wind, waves, and currents in different environmental directions. Therefore, it is essential appropriately assign the roll damping coefficients during mooring analysis because the roll has a significant effect on mooring tension.

• The Safety technology
• /
• no.176
• /
• pp.18-19
• /
• 2012

우리나라 해양경영의 요충지인 광양만. 이곳에는 광양제철소라는 우리나라의 대표적인 제철소가 자리 잡고 있다. 광양국가산업단지의 중심업체인 광양제철소는 자동차 강판 및 에너지용 강재 전문 제철소로 직원 1만 7천여 명이 1년 365일 밤낮없이 용광로의 불꽃을 지키고 있다. 광양제철소는 (주)포스코의 전신인 포항종합제철이 포항제철소에 이어 건설한 제2제철소다. 1985년 연간 270만 톤의 조강능력을 갖춘 1기 설비 건설에 착공하여 1992년 종합 준공하였으며, 그 이후 1999년 3월에는 5고로를 준공했다. 그 외에 2005년 LNG 터미널 준공 2006년 TWB 공장 준공, 2008년 자동차강반기술센터 준공 등을 거치면서, 지난해 세계 1위의 후판 생산업체로 도약했다. 광양제철소는 단일 제철소로는 세계 최대 규모를 자랑한다. 600만 평의 부지에 조강 생산량은 연간 1,950만 톤(2010년 기준)에 달한다. 여기에 만족하지 않고 올해에는 2,300만 톤의 목표를 달성해, 세계적인 제철소로서의 입지를 확고히 다져나간다는 계획을 세우고 있다. 이처럼 무한한 철강의 꿈을 인류와 함께 실현해나가고 있는 광양제출은 산업안전 분야에서도 명성이 높다. 세계적 기업답게 선진 안전관리가 펼쳐지고 있는 것. 그 중심에는 제철소 현장의 전반적인 안전을 담당하는 김성철 안전팀 파트장이 있다.