• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.450-459
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• 2024

Recently, the interest in eco-friendly energy sources, including liquefied natural gas (LNG), has considerably increased both domestically and internationally, and the development of LNG-handling facilities and berths is actively underway. Ulsan Port has been selected as a Northeast Asian oil and energy hub and is actively developing LNG and oil storage facilities and berths. The LNG terminal currently under construction in the North Port district of Ulsan New Port is a quay-type terminal rather than a dolphin-type terminal, which is the existing main-pier type. However, no domestic or international design standards for the mooring-system arrangement of quay-type LNG terminals exist. Therefore, in this study, to establish design standards for mooring systems for quay-type LNG terminals, we developed a pier that reflected the dolphin-type mooring system arrangement in the Harbour and Fishery Design Criteria and analyzed the sensitivity of mooring-evaluation parameter for actual target berthing vessels. The results showed that, compared to the mooring system arrangement of the existing quay-type pier, the tension of the mooring line, load of the QRH, reaction force of the fender, and ship motion of 6-DOF were generally reduced under the same environmental conditions, which are beneficial for improving ship and pier safety. The results of this study offer a foundation for developing design standards for quay-type LNG terminals.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 2016

LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas) bunkering has become an important issue with the enforcement of environment regulations in shipping industry required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). With increased attention on LNG bunkering, many studies that focus on safety, regulation, demand forecasting, and the feasibility of LNG fueled ships have been carried out. However, most of the existing research has not included considerations of the price of LNG bunkering and its competitiveness. This paper, therefore, suggests ways to increase price competitiveness in the LNG bunkering market in the Busan Port. This paper analyzes the LNG bunkering supply mechanism by investigating various LNG bunkering terminal business in the LNG supply market. Factors that determine LNG bunkering price and its elasticity are also identified. Market players who want to operate LNG bunkering terminals in the Busan Port should introduce a merchandising trade method that is able to exclude the "Korea premium" in order to increase price competitiveness. This paper also suggests adoptable strategies such as the use of TPS (Terminal to Ship via Pipeline) type of bunkering service and the importance of location for minimizing initial investment cost.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.21-26
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• 2010

Especially in Korea, LNG terminals commonly have huge scale because of the high demand of natural gas, and for the safe operation of terminal wide observation on temperature is necessary. That is the reason why the terminal has thermometer all over the facility but another information, flow rate, is insufficient. By the way, in pipeline, temperature difference is highly related with flow rate and with some simple assumptions, we can estimate flow rate. And through the steady state data reconciliation, the flow rate data become more reliable. In this research, we will study about flow rate data reconciliation method for LNG terminal and case study.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2017

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2015

Recently, LNG receiving terminals have been widely constructed and expanded for an increase in LNG demand. Selection of the storage tank for send-out and estimation of send-out flow rate have significant influence to process operation and economics. In this study, a send-out flow rate of each storage tank is optimized in order to minimize the total BOG generation rate. Considering a size and characteristic of each storage tanks, BOG flow rates are estimated using a dynamic simulation with varying liquid levels in the tanks. The regression model is developed fitting BOG flow rates and tank liquid levels, which are boil off rate model to predict BOG flow rates with particular level data. The objective function and constraints including required total send-out flow rate and level limit in the tanks are formulated to optimize a send-out flow rate of each tank. This method for optimization of send-out operation is applied to the Incheon LNG receiving terminal considering two scenarios for various liquid levels and maximum and minimum required send-out flow rates. For maximum required send-out flow rate, this method achieves BOG reduction of 9% comparing with assumed conventional operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2006

육상 터미널 없이 LNG를 저장하고 기화시켜 일반 소비자에게 공급할 수 있는 방법

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.357-359
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• 2015

부산신항은 우리나라 최대이자 세계 제6위의 컨테이너화물 처리항만으로 자리매김을 하고 있다. 최근들어서 차세대의 친환경 선박으로 벙커C 연료유 대신에 LNG 연료유를 사용하는 선박개발이 본격화되고 있다. 이에 따라서 부산신항의 항만기본개발계획에 들어 있는 유류중개기지 축조 대신에 Bunker LNG(BLNG)터미널 축조를 검토하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 BLNG터미널 개발과 관련하여 초대형 컨테이너선의 남컨 및 북컨 터미널 입항접안에 장애요소로 작용하고 있는 토도의 유무 및 호란도 절개에 따른 해사안전법 상의 해상교통안전진단시행지침에서 규정하고 있는 위험요소에 대한 충돌확률과 선박 운항자의 주관적 평가를 중심으로 안전수역 확보에 대하여 종합적으로 평가, 분석하였다.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.379-387
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• 2017

In this study, a pile-guide mooring system (PGMS) was designed for an offshore liquefied natural gas bunkering terminal (LNG-BT), which is an essential infrastructure for large LNG-fuelled ships. The PGMS consisted of guide piles to restrict five motions of the floater, except for heave, as well as a seabed truss structure to support the guide piles and foundation piles to fix the system to the seabed. Singapore port was considered for a case study because it is a highly probable ports for LNG bunkering projects. The wave height, current speed, and wind speed in Singapore port were investigated to calculate the environmental loads acting on the hull and PGMS. A load and resistance factor approach was used for the structural design, and a finite element analysis was performed for design verification. The steel usage of the PGMS was analyzed and compared with the material usage of a gravity-based structure under similar LNG capacity and water depth criteria. This paper also describes the water depth limit and wave conditions of the PGMS based on estimation of the initial investment and the present value profit difference. It suggests a suitable LNG-BT support system for various design conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.322-324
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• 2007

최근 엘엔지운반선(LNGC)은 선체의 대형화, DFDE디젤엔진탑재, 재액화설비등의 변화와 함께 해상터미널의 역할을 동시에 할 수 있는 LNG-RV(Regasification Vessel)의 출현을 경험하였으며, 이러한 신계념의 선박의 개발개념, 운항방식 등에 대하여 살펴보도록 한다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2021

The IMO has adopted emission standards that strictly restrict the use of bunker C oil for vessels. Accordingly, research and bunkering pilot projects for LNG fueled ships are being actively carried out, which is expected to substantially reduce environmental pollution. In this study, we have adopted the turret moored Floating LNG Bunkering Terminal (FLBT) designed to receive the LNG from LNGCs and to transfer LNG to LNG bunkering shuttles in ship to ship moored condition. Numerical simulations have been performed with a 1-year return period of wind, wave, and current. Damping values of numerical model were adjusted from the results of model tests to obtain accurate simulation results. The results confirm safe berthing operation during the 1-year return period of environmental condition. Safety depends on the direction of environment, with increasingly stable operation facilitated by the application of heading-control function of FLBT to avoid beam-sea conditions.