• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2012

Fundoplication is a common surgical procedure for gastroesophageal reflux Disease (GERD). Recently the procedure has been performed with increased frequency laparoscopically. The aim of this study is to compare laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) and open Nissen fundoplication (ONF) for GERD in children. We studied retrospectively the 88 pediatric patients who underwent the Nissen fundoplication for GERD as primary antireflux surgery from 1994 and 2009. ONF was performed in 34 cases and LNF was in 54 cases. 58 patients have neurologic impairment. Time to initial food intake after the surgery were reduced in the LNF group (p= 0.032). Recurrent GERD symptom occurred in one patient in LNF group and four patients in ONF group within 1 year after the surgery (p= 0.012). There were no statistically significant differences in post operative morbidity and mortality between both groups. In conclusion, our practice of Nissen fundoplication indicates that LNF takes priority in most pediatric patients.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.766-771
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• 2008

We fabricated single cells with a cathode consisting of a $LaNi_{0.6}Fe_{0.4}O_3-Ce_{0.8}Sm_{0.2}O_{1.9}$ composite (LNF-S20DC composite) active layer and an LNF current collecting layer on a ${0.89ZrO_2}-{0.10Sc_2}{O_3}-0.01{Al_2}{O_3}$ electrolyte sheet. The cathode layers were prepared by the screen-printing method. The cathode properties of these cells were measured by the AC impedance method at $800^{\circ}C$. The cathodes with the ceria-LNF composite active layer exhibited high power performance prior to current loading. We investigated the influence of the mixture ratio of LNF and S20DC on the cathodes properties. The Sm in the ceria particles of the composite cathode was substituted with other rare-earth elements. Cathodes with Pr and Gd co-doped ceria in the active layer provided the better performance than those with Sm- or Gd-doped ceria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1492-1503
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• 2015

This study evaluated the combination effect of various freezing and thawing techniques on the quality and nutritional aspects of onions. Onions were frozen by natural air convection freezing (NCF), air blast freezing (ABF), and liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF). Onions were frozen for 76 min by NCF, 9 min by ABF, and 9 min by LNF. The freezing treatment was stopped when the core temperature reached $-12^{\circ}C$ for NCF and ABF, and $-120^{\circ}C$ for LNF. Frozen samples were thawed through natural air convection thawing, running water thawing, sonication thawing (ST), or microwave thawing. The quality and nutritional aspects of frozen-thawed onions were evaluated by measuring thawing loss, pH, texture, water content, color, and SEM image. ST was found to cause the least loss in onion sample among the tested thawing methods, whereas the freezing methods did not cause any significant loss. In our experiment, thawing is found to be a more critical technique when compared to that of freezing. There were no clear quantifications or trends of pH and water content among different freezing and thawing techniques. The highest total color difference (${\Delta}E$) was observed in the NCF sample. For morphological observation, ABF gave the smallest ice crystal size, as well as minimum cell collapse. Loss of vitamin C, free sugar, and organic acid content was lower in the ABF and ST sample, when compared to other trials. In our study, we found that combination of ABF and ST could preserve the quality and nutritional aspects of frozen-thawed onions better than other methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2016

The goal of this study is to investigate corpus callosum and both internal capsule changes with the internet addiction disorder compared to control group using MR diffusion tensor imaging. A total of 22 teenager volunteers who had 10 high-risk group with internet addiction and 12 normal control group were conducted for this study. Imaging was conducted on a 3 T using a EPI sequence. Image evaluation was analysed of the FA, ADC($10^{-3}mm^2/s$), length(mm). We did select ROI for image tracking on corpus callosum of 5 and including 2(internal capsule). The data from these ROIs were compared statistically among the groups using independent t-test, correlation coefficient. There were significant inter-group differences(p<0.05) among FA, ADC($10^{-3}mm^2/s$) and length(mm). And also significantly negative correlations were fond between FA values of corpus callosum and IAD scale(p=0.000). DTI was shown significant changes of FA and ADC, LNF values in IAD compared to control group. Therefore, our results may provided clinical information for brain wite matter functions.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

For geotechnical applications, engineers use data obtained from a site investigation to interpret the structure and potential behavior of the subsurface. In most cases, these data consist of samples that represent 1/100,000 or less of the total volume of soil. These samples and associated field and lab testing provide the information used to estimate soil parameter values. The resulting values are estimated ones and there exists some likelihood that actual soil conditions are significantly different from the estimates. This may be the case even if the sampling and interpretation procedures are performed in accordance with standard practice. Although these efforts have been made to characterize the uncertainty associated with geotechnical parameters, there is no commonly accepted method to evaluate quantitatively the quality of an investigation plan as a whole or the relative significance of individual sampling points or potential sampling points.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.227-241
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• 2005

Objective & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Asari Herba Cum Radice herbal-acupuncture solution(AHCR-HAS) on arthritis of mice induced by Collagen II at Joksamni(ST36). The author performed several experimental items. First, it is the cell survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts and expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in synovial cells. Second, it is the incidence rate of arthritis and the weight of spleen. Third, it is the levels of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, INF-${\gamma}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum Fourth, it is histological analysis of the mice joint. Fifth, it is expression ratio of CD3e+ to CDl9+ cell, CD4+ to CD8+ cell, CD69+/CD3e+ cells, CD11+/CD19+ cells and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells. Result : 1. The highest survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts were measured in the 1% AHCR-HAS, and the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in synovial cells were significantly decreased in the 1% AHCR-HAS. 2. In the AHCR-HA I & AHCR-HAII groups, the incidence of arthritis and the weight of spleen were significantly decreased. 3. In AHCR-HAI & AHCR-HAII groups, the levels of IL-6, INF-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice were significantly decreased. 4. In histology, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the AHCR-HA I & AHCR-HAII groups, and the collagen fiber expressions in the AHCR-HA I & AHCR-HAII groups were similar with that of the Normal group. 5. In the AHCR-HA I & AHCR-HA II groups, the expression ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell and CD4+ to CD8+ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in lymph nodes, and CD69+/CD3e+ cells and CD11a+/CD19+ cells were decreased in Iymph nodes, and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells were decreased in synovium. Conclusion : Taking all these observations into account, AHCR-HA is considered to be effective in prophylaxis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and then more effective in prophylaxis than treatment, so put to practical use in future rheumatoid arthritis clinic.