• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

Purpose : We observed usability of allograft by evaluating the clinical results, second look arthroscopic and histologic findings at last follow up after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using by fresh frozen Achilles allograft. Materials and Methods : We analyzed in 58 patients(59 cases) by subjective and objective parameters, Telos stress arthrometer and Modified Feagin Scoring System. The average age and follow up period was 25 years(ranging from 18 to 49 years), and 15 months(ranging from 12 to 19 months). Among them we studied second look arthroscopic and histologic findings in 16 patients. Results : The mean Lysholm Score wits improved from 60 to 88.2 as well the anterior translation was improved from 7.1 min to 2.3mm at last follow up. The second look arthroscopic findings were close to normal in ligament thickness, tension and showed revasculization at the holly attachment site. Light microscope(LM) findings showed dense cellularity like a normal ligament. In electron microscope(EM) collagen fibrils showed parallel arrangement longitudinally and unimodal pattern diameter close to normal tissue in the transverse section. Conclusion : We think that the fresh frozen Achilles allograft is a good substitution of autograft in cruciate ligament reconstruction.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A healthy diet has been reported to be associated with physical development, cognition and academic performance, and personality during adolescence. This study was performed to investigate the relationships among milk consumption and academic performance, learning motivation and strategies, and personality among Korean adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study was divided into two parts. The first part was a survey on the relationship between milk consumption and academic performance, in which intakes of milk and milk products and academic scores were examined in percentiles among 630 middle and high school students residing in small and medium-sized cities in 2009. The second part was a survey on the relationships between milk consumption and learning motivation and strategy as well as personality, in which milk consumption habits were collected and Learning Motivation and Strategy Test (L-MOST) for adolescents and Total Personality Inventory for Adolescents (TPI-A) were conducted in 262 high school students in 2011. RESULTS: In the 2009 survey, milk and milk product intakes of subjects were divided into a low intake group (LM: ${\leq}60.2g/day$), medium intake group (MM: 60.3-150.9 g/day), and high intake group (HM: ${\geq}151.0g/day$). Academic performance of each group was expressed as a percentile, and performance in Korean, social science, and mathematics was significantly higher in the HM group (P < 0.05). In the 2011 survey, the group with a higher frequency of everyday milk consumption showed significantly higher "learning strategy total," "testing technique," and "resources management technique" scores (P < 0.05) in all subjects. However, when subjects were divided by gender, milk intake frequency, learning strategy total, class participation technique, and testing technique showed significantly positive correlations (P < 0.05) in boys, whereas no correlation was observed in girls. Correlations between milk intake frequency and each item of the personality test were only detected in boys, and milk intake frequency showed positive correlations with "total agreeability", "organization", "responsibility", "conscientiousness", and "intellectual curiosity" (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Intakes of milk and milk products were correlated with academic performance (Korean, social science, and mathematics) in Korean adolescents. In male high school students, particularly, higher milk intake frequency was positively correlated with learning motivation and strategy as well as some items of the personality inventory.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.19B no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a query expansion method based on word graphs using pseudo-relevant and pseudo non-relevant documents to achieve performance improvement in information retrieval. The initially retrieved documents are classified into a core cluster when a document includes core query terms extracted by query term combinations and the degree of query term proximity. Otherwise, documents are classified into a non-core cluster. The documents that belong to a core query cluster can be seen as pseudo-relevant documents, and the documents that belong to a non-core cluster can be seen as pseudo non-relevant documents. Each cluster is represented as a graph which has nodes and edges. Each node represents a term and each edge represents proximity between the term and a query term. The term weight is calculated by subtracting the term weight in the non-core cluster graph from the term weight in the core cluster graph. It means that a term with a high weight in a non-core cluster graph should not be considered as an expanded term. Expansion terms are selected according to the term weights. Experimental results on TREC WT10g test collection show that the proposed method achieves 9.4% improvement over the language model in mean average precision.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.297-304
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• 2010

As Small Intestine Absorptive Epithelium Cells are surrounded by mucus polysaccharide and lymphocytes and mitochondria, they are sensitive to radiation energy. Damaged cells lead to a deficiency of nutrients and the imbalance of electrolyte metabolism, which in turn can becomes a major cause of an intestine tract death. This research observed ultra structures after injecting propolis into the abdominal cavity in order to reveal the radiation damage mechanism and radioprotection effect of intestine absorptive epithelium cells. The result of this research's observation found that stenosis occurred in the small intestine in some tissues 20 days after 5Gy irradiation, their surface turned black, and their elasticity dropped. Through observation with an optical microscope, it was found that the size of the goblet cells decreased, while the paneth granulate cells atrophied and were vacuolated. Observation with an transmission electron microscope(TEM) revealed that while microvill and lysosome were normally observed in jejunum tissues, mitochondria membrane was damaged and uneven surfaces were formed on lymphocytes. The membrane of absorptive epithelium cells hypertrophied in tissues of the ileum, and vacuole was observed. However, the observation after injecting propolis into the abdominal cavity found that mitochondria damage dropped dramatically, and radioprotection effects were to some extent confirmed, considering that glycocalyx of villi was clear, and M cells could be observed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.346-357
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• 2013

In this study, it was conducted to produce wood pellets using domestic forest thinning residues and examine their quality according to Korean pellet quality standard. Raw materials were composed of larch and mixed broad leaves species. Based on the small-end diameter (6 cm), they were classified into four different types of raw materials such as LM (larch with middle diameter), LS (larch with small diameter), MM (mixed broadleaf with middle diameter), and MS (mixed broadleaf with small diameter). After crushing and drying process, wood pellets were produced by a ring-die type pelletizer using each raw material. Wood pellets made from four different types of raw materials were tested for their quality such as calorific value, moisture content, ash content, inorganic matters and so on. As results of quality analysis, the calorific values of all wood pellets were higher than 198 kcal/kg, and satisfied with the first grade of Korea wood pellet standard. The ash content was slightly increased after pelletizing. Mechanical durability of wood pellets was highly dependent on the types of raw materials. The quality differences among wood pellets were turned out due to different physical and chemical characteristics of raw materials even though the same pelletizing condition was applied.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2015

Ten types of farm-made brewing vinegars were collected and four high acetic acid-producing strains (CV1, CV3, CV5, and CV6) were isolated. Among them strain CV1, exhibiting highly alcohol-resistant and acetic acid-producing properties, was selected and its taxonomic properties were investigated by phenotypic (particularly chemotaxonomic) characterization and phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. On SM broth agar, cells of strain CV1 were gram-stainingnegative and formed pale white colonies with smooth to rough surfaces. Strain CV1 produced acetate from ethanol and was resistant to up to 8% (v/v) ethanol in LM broth. Strain CV1 had a G+C content of 61.0 mol%, contained meso-DAP as the cell wall amino acid, and possessed Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. A comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CV1 was most closely related to Gluconacetobacter saccharivorans (≥99.0% identity). In liquid media, the optimum growth conditions for acetic acid production were 30℃ and pH >3.0 and strain CV1 produced 9.3% and 8.4% acetic acids from 10% and 9% alcohol concentrations, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1441-1448
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to study the carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the Longissimus muscle (LM) of bulls (10) and steers (17) finished in a pasture system. Animals (1/2 Zebu vs. 1/2 Aberdeen Angus) were fed in a pasture system (Hermatria altissima) and with a supplement of soybean meal, cracked corn, urea, limestone and mineral salts, twice a day. Both animal groups were slaughtered at 27 months of age, with an average 508.88 kg of live weight. Final weight, hot carcass weight and texture were similar (p>0.05) between bulls and steers. Carcass dressing, fat thickness, color and marbling were higher (p<0.02) in steers. Conversely, the Longissimus area was greater (p<0.05) in bulls. Moisture levels were higher (p<0.01) in bulls. Ash, crude protein, total lipids and total cholesterol levels were higher (p<0.10) in steers. C14:0, C16:0, C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-9 fatty acids percentages were higher (p<0.06) in steers. C16-1 n-10, i 17:0, C19:0, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-3 C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3, C22:1 n-7, C22:4 n-6 and C22:5 n-3 fatty acids percentages were higher (p<0.05) in bulls. The percentage of the other fatty acids was similar (p>0.05) in bulls and steers. The levels of monounsaturated fatty acids were higher (p<0.02) in steers while polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3, n-6, PUFA/SFA and n6:n3 ratios, were higher (p<0.05) in bulls. The CLA contents (mg/g lipids) were similar (p>0.10) in bulls and steers.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.16 s.16
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• pp.27-38
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• 2004

This study was performed to characterize historical paper artefacts from 16th to 19th century from Chungbuk National University Museum (CNUM) in Korea. In order to know the fiber composition, surface features and fiber orientation in historic paper artefacts, LM, SEM and EDX analysis observations were applied. Based on tested results, it was concluded that Korean historic papers from 16 to 19th century were made of paper mulberry fibers called dak, which had 2.79-16.03 m of fiber lengthes and $4.5-26{\mu}m$ of lumen widthes, and they were relatively well preserved. According to EDX analysis, the examined papers differed to the contents of inorganics. High contents of S, Si, Ca, P and Al refer to use fillers, such as gypsum, clay and talc, for paper artifacts. In particular, half of samples contained some amounts of S, Cl and Fe. Since those inorganics might be potentially harmful for the paper permanency, therefore it should be considered special restoration measures from the preservation point of view.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1519-1528
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• 2013

Bacillus pumilus SG2, a halotolerant strain, expresses two major chitinases designated ChiS and ChiL that were induced by chitin and secreted into the supernatant. The present work aimed to obtain a mutant with higher chitinolytic activity through mutagenesis of Bacillus pumilus SG2 using a combination of UV irradiation and nitrous acid treatment. Following mutagenesis and screening on chitin agar and subsequent formation of halos, the mutated strains were examined for degradation of chitin under different conditions. A mutant designated AV2-9 was selected owing to its higher chitinase activity. To search for possible mutations in the whole operon including ChiS and ChiL, the entire chitinase operon, including the intergenic region, promoter, and two areas corresponding to the ChiS and ChiL ORF, was suquenced. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the complete chitinase operon from the SG2 and AV2-9 strains showed the presence of a mutation in the catalytic domain (GH18) of chitinase (ChiL). The results demonstrated that a single base change had occurred in the ChiL sequence in AV2-9. The wild-type chitinase, ChiL, and the mutant (designated ChiLm) were cloned, expressed, and purified in E. coli. Both enzymes showed similar profiles of activity at different ranges of pH, NaCl concentration, and temperature, but the mutant enzyme showed approximately 30% higher catalytic activity under all the conditions tested. The results obtained in this study showed that the thermal stability of chitinase increased in the mutant strain. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict changes in the stability of proteins caused by mutation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2012

A comparative study of the petiole anatomy in the tribes Forsythieae (Abeliophyllum, Forsythia) and Fontanesieae (Fontanesia), including one related genus Myxopyrum belonging to Myxopyreae, was carried out using light microscopy. The anatomical characteristics of the distal, medial and proximal parts of the petiole were studied to document any differences. We are described in detail based on their quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Three crystal types (acicular, druse, and prismatic crystals) were found in both Fontanesia and Myxopyrum within all of the studied taxa. Uni-cellular non-glandular trichomes were found in Abeliophyllum and three Forsythia taxa (F. europaea, F. giraldiana, and F. japonica). All features were compared and the vascular patterns of the petiole were distinguished in two types: Type 1A: Trace continuous arc - without crystals (Abeliophyllum, Forsythia), 1B: with crystals (Myxopyrum), Type 2: Trace invaginating at ends with crystals (Fontanesia). A detailed anatomical description of the studied taxa is provided, and its systematic importance is also briefly discussed. In conclusion, some petiole anatomical characteristics (e.g., the main vascular patterns, the presence/absence of crystals) can be useful for diagnostic features as well as partly for supporting the recently proposed molecular phylogeny.