• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.321-333
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• 2019

A primary aspect of low impact development (LID) design that affects performance efficiency, maintenance frequency, and lifespan of the facility is the type of filter media as well as the arrangement or media profile. Several LID guidelines providing media specifications are currently available and numerous studies have been published presenting the effectiveness of these systems. While some results are similar and consistent, some of them still varies and only a few focuses on the effect of filter media type and arrangement on system performance. This creates a certain level of uncertainty when it comes to filter media selection and design. In this review, a synthesis of filter media specifications from several LID design guidelines are presented and relevant results from different laboratory and field studies are highlighted. The LID systems are first classified as infiltration or non-infiltration structures, and vegetated or non-vegetated structures. Typical profiles of the media according to classification are shown including the different layers, materials, and depth. In addition, results from previous studies regarding the effect of filter media characteristics on hydraulic and hydrologic functions as well as pollutant removal are compared. Other considerations such as organic media leaching, clogging, media washing, and handling during construction were also briefly discussed. This review aims to provide a general guideline that can contribute to proper media selection and design for structural LIDs. In addition, it also identifies opportunities for future research.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2020

We've compared and conceptually evaluated the newly emerging concept of nature-based solutions (NbS's), in the aspect of water management, and existing similar solutions of different naming, all of which are based on ecosystem functions. In this study, it is found that NbS's seem significant and meaningful both educationally and understandably in the aspect that it can comprehensively cover and include the existing methodologies and solutions using the functions of natural ecosystem to socio-environmental challenges. It, however, seems not quite different from the broad-meaning of green infra, including Eco-DRR, in terms of the approaching methodologies in water management. The conceptual and spatial hierarchy of each practice in water management considered in this study can be expressed in the narrowing order of NbS-(EE)-BGI-(CRT)-GI-LID. Last, the term LID, which is the best management practice for storm water management in the development project, can be replaced with the term GI for clarification and less confusion both in academia and practice.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.855-869
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• 2023

Low Impact Development (LID) technology has been attracting attention as a countermeasure to solve frequent flood damage in urban areas. LID involves recovery of the natural circulation system based on infiltration and storage capacity at the site of rainfall runoff, to protect the aquatic ecosystem from the effects of urbanization. Bioretention as an element of LID technology reduces outflow through storage and infiltration of storm water runoff, and minimizes the effects of non-point pollutants. Although LIDs are being studied extensively, the amount of quantitative research on small watersheds with bioretention has been inadequate. In this study, a bioretention model was constructed in a small watershed using Korea-Low Impact Development Model (K-LIDM), which was conducted quantitative hydrologic analysis. We anticipate that the results of the analysis will be used as reference data for future bioretention research related to watershed characteristics, vegetation type, and soil condition.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2010

Recently, various development projects have occurred due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Both industry and population grew rapidly which causes a corresponding rise in pollution. The accumulated pollutants are washed-off during rainy days, highly degrading the water quality of the receiving water body. This is because a lot of non point source (NPS) pollutants were accumulated on the surface during dry periods. This research focuses on the development of Eco-Bio Filter (EBF) system that treats NPS pollutants. It is constructed at Kongju National University campus. The EBF is a type of a structured infiltration system that falls under the category of Low Impact Development (LID) hydrologic design practices. The monitoring of rain events was performed. It includes the development of design, the lessons learned from the post-construction testing and the improvements in the renovation made. After a series of monitoring, the MOE will use the results to apply the design to other areas in the country.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Urbanization has led to extreme changes in land use on urban watersheds. Most cities are becoming residential, commercial and industrial areas, making infiltration and storage of rainfall less favorable. The demand for LID (Low Impact Development) technology is increasing in order to mitigate this water cycle distortion and return to existing hydrological conditions. The LID technique is effective in reducing runoff by permeating the urban impervious area. However, considering the limit of the installation area and the financial requirement of the installation, there is not much research on the linkage of each LID component technology for optimum efficiency according to the appropriate scale. In this study, the effects of the LID facilities applied to the target site were simulated using the SWMM model, suggesting the optimal linkage method considering interconnectivity, and applying the effects as an existing installation of individual facilities. The water balance at the time of application of the LID technology, short-term and long-term rainfall event were compared. Also, the individual application and the linkage application were compared with each other. If each component technology has sufficient processing size, then linkage application is more effective than individual application.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.337-337
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• 2018

시민들은 삶의 질 향상 및 친환경적 어메니티의 수요 증가로 수변지역에 대한 관심이 집중되고 있다. 수변지역은 물에 인접한 지역이라 친수 공간으로서의 긍정적 기능을 많이 포함하고 있으나, 방재 측면에서는 많은 위험성을 내포하고 있다. 수변지역에 적합한 물순환 기준을 정립하여 보다 안전하고 건강한 친수공간의 접근성을 시민들에게 제공하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 수변지역을 물수지 분석 방법으로 접근하여 강우, 침투, 증발산, 유출 등의 변수들이 LID(Low Impact Development) 기술 적용에 의해 빗물의 저장과 침투가 유출의 감소로 이어질 수 있도록 물순환 기준을 산정해보았다. 물순환은 강우를 기준으로 처리할 목표량을 계획한 후, 침투량을 우선 산정하고 나머지 유량은 저장으로 처리하도록 프로세스화 하였다. 먼저, 물순환 목표량은 대상지의 강우와 유출 특성을 분석하여 기준을 수립한다. 이후 대상지의 토지이용과 토양 등의 지형학적 상태를 고려하여 각각의 세분화된 소유역의 침투량 규모를 산정한다. 목표량에서 침투량을 제한 나머지 유출량은 빗물통과 같은 LID 저장 기술로 해결할 수 있도록 저장 규모를 산정한다. 이상의 프로세스로 수변지역의 물순환 목표량을 LID 기술의 저장과 침투의 방법으로 해결할 수 있다. 이와 같은 방식으로 전국 각지의 수변지역 특성에 맞는 적합한 물순환 기준을 제시하여 보다 안전하고 건강한 친수 공간을 설계할 수 있도록 한다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.321-330
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• 2015

In recent, the impacts of urbanization on hydrology and water quality can be minimized with the use of Low Impact Development (LID) practices in urban areas. But, there are no ways to verify or to show the quantitative effectiveness with LID practices. This study designed and developed to perform experiments in natural or artificial representation of hydrological cycle, which is called rainfall-runoff simulator to be able to quantify factors in hydrological system. This simulator was applied to a pervious pavement block. The study conducted analysis of effectiveness for a pervious pavement block by comparing the results with a general pavement block. The result from the pervious pavement block showed remarkably reduction effect on surface runoff with increase of rainfall intensity and more duration time. Also, the simulator was possible to control no surface runoff by a rainfall intensity at 50 mm/hr for an hour. The research indicated possibility and effectiveness for LID practices. This might be widely available to apply to LID practices verification. Therefore, the study is possible to make use of practical standards on fundamental studies.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.969-977
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• 2022

In order to respond to the increase in water disasters due to climate change and urbanization, research on low impact development (LID) techniques and application to cities are expanding. The LID technique is a technology that reduces rainwater runoff in the city, controls various water disasters such as flash floods, etc. in an eco-friendly way, and restores the urban water circulation system to a natural water circulation system. However, quantitative analysis of stormwater runoff reduction through the LID technique is insufficient. Therefore, this study analyzed the ratio of the permeable area required to reduce the surface runoff of rainfall (25 mm/hr, 50 mm/hr, 100 mm/hr) with respect to the impervious watershed area of the old city using the permeable pavement. As a result of the analysis, it was found that a permeable area ratio of 7.14 to 12.63% of the total area was required for 25 mm/hr, 15.79 to 26.97% for 50 mm/hr, and 30 to 55.81% for 100 mm/hr.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.126-133
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• 2017

This study analyzed hydrological changes of stormwater runoff of Seolleung Jeongneung zone according to the application of LID system based on landscape Architectural technology. The results are as follows. First, when flooding occurred in Gwanghwamun in July 27, 2011, the maximum instantaneous rainfall amount was 183 mm/hr recorded at 10:00 on 27th for 10 minutes, and it was confirmed that rainfall intensity more than three times as high as the maximum rainfall of 57.5 mm/hr. Second, it is possible to control peak flow rate in the case of 1,500mm of soil thickness, so that it is possible to improve the vulnerability of flood damage in Seolleung and Jeongneung zone when applying the LID system. Third, in the berm height scenario, peak flow rate control was not controled in all depth level models, but the first stormwater runoff was delayed by 4 hours and 10 minutes compared to the soil thickness scenario. It was interpreted as a relatively important indicator the soil thickness for the initial stromwater runoff reduction and the berm height for the peak runoff. Through this, the systematic adaptation of landscape-friendly ecological factors within the cultural property protection zone could theoretically confirm the effects of flood disaster prevention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.434-442
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• 2019

Low Impact Development(LID) techniques has been attracting attention as a countermeasure to solve frequent flood damage in urban areas. LID is a techniques for returning to the natural hydrological cycle system by infiltrating the runoff from the impervious surface into the soil. The Bio-retention, one of the LID element technology has outflow reduction effect by reserving and infiltrating storm water runoff from watersheds. Recently, a number of studies have been carried out as interest in the reduction of storm water runoff and non-point pollutants in Bio-retention has increased. However, quantitative analysis on the outflow reduction of Bio-retention applied to small watershed is insufficient. In this study, Bio-retention model was constructed in a small watershed using K-LIDM which is capable of hydrologic analysis. When the storage capacity was increased or dividing the Bio-retention and watershed, the outflow reduction effect was 20% according to the storage capacity increase and 5~15% in the distributed Bio-retention system. The results of this analysis will be used as the basic data of future Bio-retention research related to watershed characteristics, vegetation type and soil condition.